释义 |
centurionn.Brit. /sɛnˈtjʊərɪən/, /sɛnˈtʃʊərɪən/, /sɛnˈtjɔːrɪən/, /sɛnˈtʃɔːrɪən/, U.S. /sɛnˈt(j)ʊriən/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin centuriōn-, centurio; French centurioun. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin centuriōn-, centurio (see below). Subsequently reborrowed < (i) Anglo-Norman centurioun, centuriun, centurio, centurie, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French centurion (French centurion ) officer commanding a century in the Roman army (end of the 12th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin centuriōn-, centurio officer commanding a century in the Roman army, in post-classical Latin also any officer in command of a hundred men (Vulgate), hundredman, hundred-bailiff (from 12th cent. in British sources) < centuria century n. + -ōn- , -ō (see -oon suffix). Compare Old Occitan centurio (second half of the 13th cent.), Spanish centurión (13th cent.), Portuguese centurião (14th cent.), Italian centurione (13th cent.).In α. forms with omission of the ending. The Old English form centurius (one isolated attestation) apparently shows suffix substitution (after Latin nouns of the second declension in -us ). The γ. forms show suffix substitution (so already in Anglo-Norman); compare -an suffix, and also post-classical Latin centurianus (1536 or earlier). With the δ. forms compare Anglo-Norman centurie , which probably shows reduction of the ending. In senses 3a, 3b after corresponding specific uses of century n. 1. OE (Northumbrian) viii. 5 Accessit ad eum centurio : geneolecade uel tocuom to him ðe centur þæt is hundraðes monna hlaferd. OE (Mercian) viii.13 Dixit Iesus centorioni, uade : cwæþ ða se hælend to þæm centurione gang. a1300 Passion our Lord 485 in R. Morris (1872) 51 Þet iseyh centurio þat þer bisydes stod. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxi. 32 Knyȝtis takun to, and centuriouns [a1425 L.V. centuriens; L. centurionibus]. a1460 (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 936 (MED) The footmen haue a Centurion That hath in rewle an c men & x. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 2 (MED) Corneli centurio, ȝet vncristund, is clensid wiþ þe Hooli Goost. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust xxv. f. xxxiiiiv Ye centuryon which was assigned to be captayn ouer them which wer commytted to fight about ye first standard of ye thyrd legion. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus i. 45 The soldiers mutin and charge the Centurions and Tribunes with treason. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iii. 41 The Centurions..to be on foot at an houres warning. View more context for this quotation 1675 S. Clarke 107 Twenty of Herods choicest Souldiers got upon the Wall, and after them the Centurions of Sosius. 1715 ix. 27 Having been ill Treated, and almost Killed by the Centurion Arius. 1760 T. Nugent tr. P. Macquer 122 The most honourable of the centurions was the primipilus who was the centurion of the right hand order of the first manipulus. 1838 T. Arnold I. xiii. 222 To seize and execute every centurion whose century had fled. 1868 D. M'Carthy 87/1 The friends of the centurion received from him, we may be sure, the same orders. 1928 H. Parker vii. 204 Those centurions who were supernumerary to the legionary establishment were posted to the head-quarters of the provincial governor. 1955 L. de Wohl (1957) ii. 84 He had a tuft of red horsehair on his helmet, marking him as a leader of one hundred men, a centurion. 2007 S. Dando-Collins xii. 105 Petronius Fortunatus, a centurion of the 1st Italica Legion..was still serving at age sixty-six. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of 100 a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. i. 15 Y haue ordeyned hem pryncys & trybunys & Centurionys [a1425 Corpus Oxf. centuriouns; L. centuriones] & quynquagenaryes & denys. (Titus) (1851) 108 (MED) Ordeyne thou of hem tribunis, that is souereyns of a thousand, and centurions, that is, souereyns of an hundrid..that shulen deme the puple in ech tyme. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria i. ii. f. 9 He sent forth dyuers other Centurians with their hundrethes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane xvi. f. ccxxiv The Bisshop..was so desyrous of warre agaynst the Lutheranes, that..he hyred Centurions and Captaynes. 1603 S. Harsnett x. 47 Captaine Philpot, Trayfords deuill, was a Centurion, (as himselfe tels you) and had an hundred vnder his charge. 1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega ii. xiv. 514 About an hundred Souldiers, under a Centurion or Captain, (which is the smallest number that the Indians have in a Company). 1751 S. Whatley at Wight-Island The militia here is divided into 11 bands, over each of which is an officer, called a centurion, though he commands more than 100 men. 1754 E. Burt II. xix. 117 One of the Centurions or Captains of a Hundred, is said to strip his other Tenants of their best Plaids wherewith to cloath his Soldiers. 1823 Sept. 255/1 There is scarcely a centurion of the British army, that exerted himself on that day, that has not obtained a niche in some periodical repository. 1851 ‘Bengal Subaltern’ 7 In the Royal Service again, several years..have to elapse ere an Officer has the command or charge of men; in ours he may..become a centurion before he attains the age of nineteen. 1930 E. A. Ashwin tr. N. Remy ii. ix. 126/2 King Ahaziah sent a centurion with fifty soldiers to bring Elijah to him. 2012 P. B. Brown in B. Davies 262 The leader of a 100-man unit..was a centurion or captain (sotnik). 1650 J. Trapp (Gen. vi. 20) 69 See how sequacious these poor creatures are to God their Centurion. 1681 L. Womock 134 Conscience, I confess, is a Centurion of great Command; but yet 'tis under another Jurisdiction. a1797 H. Walpole (1845) IV. v. 175 While discord and interest thus tore in pieces the Opposition, fate was preparing to deprive them of their most important centurians. 1881 26 455 Now, Dr. Savage was at Bethlem a kind of centurion, who could say, ‘Do this,’ and it would be done. 1894 S. W. Mitchell viii. 116 He was a-consoling me, and thinking he'd just only got to be a kind of centurion for a woman's troubles, and say go and they'd go. 1938 E. Hastings & J. Hastings XXIX. 134/2 Life is our centurion; always laying burdens upon us, always compelling us to go weary miles in directions we do not desire. 1992 12 Oct. 24/3 They pitched their respective candidate's [sic] policies to Perot's centurions. 2003 S. Blumenthal i. 19 Bush put his fate in the hands of his political centurions, who ran a relentlessly negative campaign. society > authority > office > holder of office > magistrate > chief magistrate of a district > [noun] > hundreder 1618 S. Ward 54 From the Gouernour of the thousand, to the Centurion, from him to the Tithing-man or Decinour. 1641 Select Observ. Offices & Officers in Militia of Eng. in (1810) V. 47 Those earls..divided them [sc. each county] into centurians or hundreds; and in every hundred was appointed a centurian or constable. 1791 ‘J. Gifford’ I. 101 Ecclesiastics were tried by the clergy; the military by officers..and the people by centurions in the boroughs and villages. 1836 Aug. 95 The justice of the hundred was the lord of the manor, and he was otherwise named centurion, centenier, and alderman. 1866 M. J. Spalding tr. J. E. Darras II. iii. xii. 385 Each class and profession had its own tribunal, laws, and customs. In villages, the executive officer was a centurion. 1915 J. W. Garner tr. J. Brissaud ii. 106 The counts and the centurions were the ordinary judges. 3. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > cricketer > [noun] > batsman > types of batsman 1886 31 July 107/2 Some other ‘centurions’ have been Chatterton (108) for M.C.C., A. Shuker (103 not out) for Trent. 1900 18 July 2/3 This is the third time he has been a double centurion. 1964 15 Aug. 3/5 I'm wearing a Centurion's tie. It was awarded to me when I scored my first century against Northants early on last season. 1988 15 Sept. 12 The first triple centurion in the tournament's long history. 2013 Nov. 72/2 Alastair Cook, England's most prolific Test centurion. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing with vehicles > bicycle race > [noun] > bicycle-racer 1893 Jan. 550/2 Miss Kittie Kipfel is a Buffalo centurion. 1933 Nov. 214 ‘Century rides’..were not uncommon, usually to Greeley and back. One ‘centurion’, who was very proud of his feat, was Edward S. Irish. 1977 14 Sept. (Venture section) 1/4 Few are among the cycling centurions of autumn. 2007 (Nexis) 13 Jan. 4 A challenge has been laid down for South Devon's occasional bike riders to transform themselves into cycling centurions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE |