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单词 cheer
释义

cheern.1

Brit. /tʃɪə/, U.S. /tʃɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English cheyr, Middle English chire, Middle English chyer, Middle English chyr, Middle English scheir, Middle English scheyr, Middle English–1500s cheir, Middle English–1500s cher, Middle English–1500s chier, Middle English–1500s chyere, Middle English–1500s schere, Middle English–1600s cheere, Middle English–1600s chiere, Middle English–1700s chere, Middle English– cheer, 1500s–1600s cheare, 1500s–1700s chear, 1600s chaire, 2000s– cheor (English regional (north-eastern)); also Scottish pre-1700 cheir, pre-1700 chyer, pre-1700 schiere.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French cher, chere.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman cheir, cher, chier, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French chiere, Anglo-Norman and Middle French chere, chire (French chère ) face (c1100), facial expression, mien, demeanour (c1155), welcome, reception (1165–70), joy, happiness (c1200 in faire lie chiere ), meal, food and drink (1282), celebration, feast (1413) < post-classical Latin cara head (attested only in an undated glossary), of uncertain origin (see note). Compare Old Occitan cara , chiera (14th cent.; < French), Catalan cara (14th cent.), Spanish cara (a1207), Portuguese cara (13th cent.). In branch II. after cheer v.1 5.Further etymology. The origin of post-classical Latin cara is uncertain; it is generally held to be < ancient Greek κάρα head, although this presents a number of difficulties. For further discussion see Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at cara. Notes on senses. In sense 3 probably influenced by association with chere adj. Notes on phrases. A number of phrases at this entry have parallels and possible models in French. With to make cheer compare Old French faire chiere de to show, reveal, betray an emotion (12th cent.). With to make cheers at Phrases 2a compare faire diverses chieres to pull faces, lit. ‘to make different expressions’ (late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman). With to make foul cheer at Phrases 2a compare faire mauvese chiere (c1190 in Old French). With to make heavy cheer at Phrases 2a compare faire lurde chere to have a grave expression (c1300 in Anglo-Norman). With to do good cheer and to make good cheer at Phrases 2c, compare faire belle chiere and faire bonne chiere to make welcome, treat well (both 13th cent. in Old French).
I. A person's demeanour or mood, and related senses.
1.
a. The expression on or appearance of a person's face, as indicating emotion or character; countenance, aspect, visage, mien. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > facial appearance or expression
cheerc1225
lookinga1325
countenancec1330
frontc1374
looka1400
looksc1400
aspect1590
brow1598
cast1653
mien1680
expression1830
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > [noun]
anlethOE
cheerc1225
countenancec1330
facec1330
visage1338
frontc1374
vult?a1400
maid facec1450
walte1524
facies1565
museau1816
shade1817
coupon1962
c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 24 (MED) He gret wit þen lauerd..wið lahhinde chere.
c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine l. 304 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 66 His tornynge was so cler Boþe in þouȝt and in cheer.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1091 For be his chere he sagh him wrath.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 664 His chere was so sad and sori.
1514 S. Appulby Fruyte of Redemcyon xxvi. sig. C.viiiv The chere of thy vysage was all waylynge & lamentable.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Salisbury f. xiii Where ever I went, I met thy smyling cheare.
1612 H. Peacham Graphice ii. i. 108 Piety is drawne like a Lady of Solemne chear.
1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 325 Chear or countenance.
1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 47 The grayhounde..made to hym the same friendly countinaunce and chere as he was wonte to do to the kyng.
1799 Anc. Ballads, Songs, & Poems 41 That sad cheer which he then shew'd, his habit, and his woeful look..caus'd her she could not from his sight refrain.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Poet's Mind in Poems 87 The flowers would faint at your cruel cheer.
b. The face. Obsolete.In quots. a1586 and 1600 approaching sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun]
leera700
nebeOE
onseneeOE
wlitec950
anlethOE
nebshaftc1225
snouta1300
facec1300
visage1303
semblantc1315
vicea1325
cheera1350
countenance1393
front1398
fashiona1400
visurec1400
physiognomyc1425
groina1500
faxa1522
favour1525
facies1565
visor1575
complexiona1616
frontispiecea1625
mun1667
phiz1687
mug1708
mazard1725
physiog1791
dial plate1811
fizzog1811
jiba1825
dial1837
figurehead1840
Chevy Chase1859
mooey1859
snoot1861
chivvy1889
clock1899
map1899
mush1902
pan1920
kisser1938
boat1958
boat race1958
punim1965
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 49 Middel heo haþ menskful smal; hire loueliche chere as cristal.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 20 Þe cheeris [L. vultibus] torned: in to þe propiciatorye.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 24 His fair chiere.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. xxxviij/1 In the swete of thy chere thou shalt ete thy brede.
a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 114 (MED) Blak eghen & heer, & rounde chere.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. f. 190v With quaking lips, & pale cheere, alas diuine Lady said he.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 96 All fancy sicke she is and pale of cheere . View more context for this quotation
2.
a. A person's mental or emotional state or disposition, esp. as made apparent by his or her demeanour; mood, humour, spirits. Also: a person's demeanour or manner as indicating his or her mood. Usually with specifying adjective, now esp. in good cheer (coloured by sense 5a).In early use frequently indistinguishable from sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > state of feeling or mood > [noun]
moodOE
cheerc1225
affecta1398
statec1450
mindc1460
stomach1476
spiritc1480
humour1525
vein1577
frame1579
tune1600
tempera1628
transport1658
air1678
tift1717
disposition1726
spite1735
tonea1751
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > prevailing or distinctive qualities > as displayed in expression, etc.
cheerc1225
character1734
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [noun] > demeanour or appearance
cheerc1225
statea1400
expression1830
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 472 Ȝef þu art feier. & wið gleade chere. bi cleopest alle feire, ne schalt..wite þe wið unword, ne wið uuel blame.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 57 Heo schal habbe leaue to gladien hire fere..& make sines toward hire of an gled chere.
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 46 Þenne seit þe sole wid sorie chere: ‘Awei! wrechede bodi.’
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 578 (MED) Ouer londes he gan fare Wiþ sorwe and reweful chere.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 266 Þe barouns com to Fortiger And gretten him wiþ glad cher.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5075 Ioseph comforth þan þere chere [Gött. ioseph confort þaim þar chere].
a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) l. 807 Þeo feond..Bygyled hire wiþ tricherye And brouȝte hire in wel dreory chere.
c1500 (a1400) Sir Cleges (Ashm.) (1913) l. 30 (MED) Off all godnes, sche had treuly Glad chere boþe dey and nyȝht.
1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man i. 5 He was..with heauie cheare enforced to seeke an other dwelling.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xcvii. sig. G If they sing, 'tis with so dull a cheere . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 496 His words thir drooping chere Enlightn'd, and thir languisht hope reviv'd. View more context for this quotation
1714 N. Rowe Trag. Jane Shore i. ii. 6 See! with what sad and sober Cheer she comes.
1789 W. Blake Songs of Innocence Introd., in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 7 So I piped with merry chear.
1824 W. S. Rose tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso IV. xxx. 237 ‘Hola! I want thy steed,’ (Cried Roland) and advanced with wrathful cheer.
1872 Lippincott's Mag. Sept. 260/1 He would always say, with grave cheer, ‘Good-morning, madam!’
1923 P. G. Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves x. 102 Jeeves shimmered off, and Cyril blew in, full of good cheer and blitheringness.
1997 C. Newland Scholar (1998) x. 150 It didn't do his cheer any good at all.
2005 J. Fredston Snowstruck ix. 273 Soren..is known for his equability and good cheer.
b. Habitual behaviour; bearing, manners; (also) the behaviour appropriate to a particular setting or situation. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) 143 For hire faired and for hire schere þe Ameral hire bouȝte so dere.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 140 And peyned hire to countrefete chiere Of court and been estatlich of manere.
c1450 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Galba) 422 (MED) Thei that neuyr byforn hym did se, thei knewe by chere whiche was he.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) 433 (MED) In the courte dwellid Generydes..with good vesage, full metely of stature, his porte, his chere, and all his behavinge ffull like a Ientilman.
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xii. 51 His chere is dolorous As in bewaylynge a wofull tragedy.
1575 G. North tr. Philibert Philosopher of Court 111 They haue their chere and gestures so framed..that they seeme to vs the beste for Courtly grace in the worlde.
3. Kind or benevolent behaviour or disposition, friendliness; esp. kindly welcome shown to a visitor; hospitality. Obsolete.See also belly-cheer n. 1, whipping-cheer n. at whipping n. Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > [noun]
gesteningc1200
semblant1297
guestinga1300
harbergery1303
hospitalityc1384
harbergagec1386
cheerc1390
rehetc1390
waitinga1400
hostryingec1470
entreaty1525
entertainment1576
entertain1591
hostelity1593
hospitage1611
xenodochy1623
hospitation1863
entertaining1883
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 172 So demeþ a mon ofte syþes a-mis, Whon þat his herte is set from cheere. Ȝif þou louest þi broþer..His defaute constou not spise, For þer þin herte is set to chere.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 128 He wolde..rehayte rekenly þe riche and þe poveren, And cherisch hem alle wyth his cher.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 359 Whan she was com she had all the chere that myght be done.
1666 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1731) II. 17 After I have welcomed you into the Climate with the same Chear and Kindness the Sun I know will do.
1753 Whole Duty of Woman v. 17 Experience will embitter thy drink, and sorrow, like a churl, make thy cheer and thy welcome naught.
4. Outward appearance or show; display (of emotion); insincere show of affection; (also) a gesture or act indicative of an attitude or intention. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun]
hue971
glozea1300
showingc1300
coloura1325
illusionc1340
frontc1374
simulationc1380
visage1390
cheera1393
sign?a1425
countenance?c1425
study?c1430
cloak1526
false colour1531
visure1531
face1542
masquery?1544
show1547
gloss1548
glass1552
affectation1561
colourableness1571
fashion1571
personage?1571
ostentation1607
disguise1632
lustrementa1641
grimace1655
varnish1662
masquerade1674
guisea1677
whitewash1730
varnish1743
maya1789
vraisemblance1802
Japan1856
veneering1865
veneer1868
affectedness1873
candy coating1885
simulance1885
window dressing1903
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3046 (MED) Ithecus..hath the vois of every soun, The chiere and the condicioun Of every lif, what so it is.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 1191 (MED) Hire Ere unto his word sche leide, Bot forther made sche no chiere.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 9486 (MED) He made no chere, Hidre to come.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1164 (MED) Rame made hym cher of love..Ȝit wold she have I-ete his hert.
a1500 (?a1475) Guy of Warwick (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 1085 (MED) I may see well be thy chere, Fyght mayste thou no lengere.
5.
a. Light-hearted or joyful mood or spirits; gladness, happiness; merriment, cheerfulness. In later use frequently: spec. communal happiness or good spirits, esp. as felt or expressed on festive occasions.Earliest in †to take cheer in hand: to become cheerful (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun]
dreamOE
man-dreamOE
gleea1200
galec1200
bauderyc1386
oliprancec1390
cheera1393
gaynessc1400
disportc1405
joyousitiea1450
festivitya1500
lakea1500
gaiety1573
merriment1574
jucundity1575
galliardise?1577
jouissance1579
merrymake1579
jolliment1590
mirth1591
jollyhead1596
spleen1598
jocantry16..
geniality1609
jovialty1621
jocundry1637
gaietry1650
sport1671
fun1726
galliardism1745
gig1777
merrymaking1779
hilarity1834
rollick1852
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1767 (MED) Sche tok thanne chiere on honde..And seith, ‘My lord, go we to bedde!’
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 4346 (MED) Eche wiseman in his aduersite Schulde feyne cher & kepen in secre Þe inward wo.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xvi. B Myrth and chere was gone out of ye felde & vynyardes.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 157 You are so sicke of late, So farre from cheere . View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 33 Our suddaine comming there Will double all their mirth, and chere.
1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 325 Chear or gladness, gaudium.
1752 Lady's Curiosity 222/1 Over the portal of every drinking-room be it written, The house of youthful mirth, and lusty cheer.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 132 Naked I go, and void of cheer.
1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 124/2 Where there is health in the senses and the soul of the writer, there is cheer.
1892 Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers Monthly Jrnl. Dec. 1116/1 Rolling drums Will beat with festive cheer, Across the world despite the cold, To welcome Christmas here.
1918 D. Haig Diary 25 Sept. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 464 He said his divisions were full of cheer but were very ‘sleepy’.
1989 Atlantic Apr. 26/1 The lessons of the Afghan conflict afford little cause for cheer.
2006 Big Issue Christmas 34/1 In an effort to join in the Christmas cheer, I've festooned my laptop with tinsel.
b. That which brings joy, gladness, or comfort; solace; encouragement. Formerly also as a count noun: †a person who or thing which brings joy, gladness, or comfort (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > [noun] > consolation or relief
lightingOE
leathc1175
comfort?c1225
solacec1290
solacec1290
lithec1300
comfortingc1320
allegeancec1325
swaging1340
froa1350
releasec1350
consolationc1374
legeancec1390
reliefa1393
comfortationa1400
leathinga1400
swagea1400
allegementa1425
alleviation?a1425
recreation?a1425
refrigery?a1425
lighteningc1425
recomfortc1425
mitigation?1435
recomforting1487
recreancea1500
allevation1502
easement1533
solacy1534
ease1542
cheer1549
assuagement1561
refreshing1561
easing1580
recomfortation1585
recomforture1595
assuage1596
allevement1599
mitification1607
allayment1609
solagement1609
levation1656
solacement1721
solation1757
soulagement1777
consolement1797
de-tension1949
de-tensioning1952
tea and sympathy1953
1549 T. Sternhold Al Such Psalmes of Dauid xliii. sig. D.viii That I maye to the alter goe, of God my Ioye and cheare.
1577 T. Kendall Trifles f. 28v, in tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes My brother deere, my hope, my chere, my trusty Sheppard true.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. lviii. 172 Their deportment then was full of cheere and safety to the people.
1757 J. Dyer Fleece iv. 148 The cheers of life..but not the vices, learn to taste.
1792 C. Beverley Poems 88 The hand of plenty hide the cup of cheer, And to my thirst refuse a cooling drop.
1861 F. P. Cobbe in Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 461 A little breath of cheer from the outer world.
1914 A. L. Allen Message of New Thought xi. 223 He carries no message of cheer or comfort to his fellow-man.
2010 S. White et al. Playing Numbers iii. 87 Authors the world over took cheer from her advice.
6. Food and drink provided for a guest or (now chiefly) enjoyed on a festive occasion. In early use also more generally: †food and drink, provisions (obsolete).See also belly-cheer n. 2, pig cheer n. at pig n.1 Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > supply of food or provisions > [noun] > hospitable provisions
cheera1470
entertainment1539
blithemeat1681
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 722 So they wente vnto mete, but sir Palomydes myght nat ete, and there was alle the chire that myght be had.
1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Ev Me to fede on simple cheare.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxix. 195 Liuely cheese is lusty cheare.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 713 Their cheere was onely rice and mutton.
1645 J. Marsh Marsh his Mickle Monument 16 The Milkmaids they provide Their Curds and Cream, Fresh-Cheese, and other chear.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme iii. vii. 127 This stranger not relishing his cheare without Salt.
1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes i. 39 Our Cheer was very indifferent..for the King's Troops had plunder'd all the Country.
1789 R. Norris Mem. Reign Bossa Ahadee 75 The hospitable old Cabocheer..gave my whole retinue abundant proof of his liberality, by supplying them plentifully with good cheer.
1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. xxiii. 198 I care not a rush for the decorations of the table, so that the cheer be good.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 162 Every table was loaded with good cheer.
1875 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 214/2 We..dig our potatoes, store our vegetables, and rejoice like two squirrels as we heap up our winter cheer.
1934 J. O'Hara Appointment in Samarra (1935) vii. 200 He ain't been in this morning yet... I guess he had too much Christmas cheer, like a lot of us.
2014 Geelong (Austral.) Advertiser (Nexis) 27 Dec. 49 Now, as you're overindulging in festive cheer, may not be exactly the time for considering a recipe for..a vegan Thai soup.
II. A shout of acclamation, jubilation, etc.
7. Originally Nautical. A shout of acclamation, encouragement, or jubilation; esp. (in singular and plural) the loud, collective shouts and other expressions of acclamation of a company or crowd. Also: a shout or salute of greeting or welcome (cf. cheer v.1 5b).Sometimes referring to specific shouts or cries; cf. hear! hear! at hear v. 13a, hurrah int. and n., huzza int. and n., etc.Bronx cheer, counter-cheer, war cheer; two cheers, three cheers, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > shouted applause
shoutingc1405
cheer1707
huzzaing1708
cheering1779
three times three1813
chuck-up1915
zindabad1938
1707 E. Ward Barbacue Feast 23 A huge Whistle-booby Boatswain..commanded three Chears from the Company.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 292 We gave them a Chear, as the Seamen call it; that is to say, we halloo'd at them by way of Triumph.
1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 204 And hail'd the morning with a cheer.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 45 They answer'd not our cheer.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 516 Not a cheer was heard. Not a member ventured to second the motion.
1852 S. S. Cox Buckeye Abroad v. 56 The cheers, cries of ‘hear’ and at times the perfect Babelism of the House, is as comical as it is novel to an American.
1857 S. Osborn Quedah vii. 91 We gave one cheer, fired our guns, and then pushed on for our lives.
1900 Times 29 Sept. 5/4 The pilgrimage concluded with cheers for the Commune and the Socialist Republic, and with the singing of the ‘International’.
1916 Boys' Life Feb. 16/2 ‘We won,’ he gasped. Barbara gave a cheer from the stairhead.
1994 Third Way Mar. 25/1 The cheer from the rest of the school virtually brought the roof down.
2008 Washington Post Mag. 17 Aug. 30/3 He emerges smiling from the water to the wild cheers of his teammates.

Phrases

P1. to change one's cheer and variants: (a) to change one's mood or mind, esp. for the better; (b) to change one's facial expression, as the result of anger, fear, shame, etc.; also figurative. Similarly change of cheer: a change of mood, expression, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have (specific) appearance [verb (intransitive)] > have specific facial appearance or expression
to change one's cheerc1225
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have (specific) appearance [verb (intransitive)] > have specific facial appearance or expression > change expression
to change one's cheerc1225
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 9 Olibrius þe luðere, þa he þis iherde, changede his chere.
c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 740 Þe Admiral, þeȝ he wroþ were, þer he chaungede his chere.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 208 Whan he cam to þe place þere he schuld deye, he chaunged no chere.
?1531 tr. Erasmus Treat. perswadynge Man Patientlye to Suffre sig. A.vi He nat onelye neuer changed his chere, but also he, beinge crowned..spake & reasoned amonge the people of matters concernyng theyr common welthe.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. C The diuelish hag by chaunges of my cheare Perceiu'd my thought.
1595 L. Pyott tr. N. de Herberay Second Bk. Amadis de Gaule iii. sig. Diijv Amadis tooke it, & without changing his cheere, he turned his face from Durin, because he should not behold his colour alter.
1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον i. 49 The wrathfull Iuno changeth cheare, And in her rage, transhapes her to a Beare.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 98 Till frowning skys began to change their chear.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Meleager & Atalanta in Fables 114 Pale at the sudden Sight, she chang'd her Cheer.
1827 C. H. Townshend Reigning Vice 62 While each inclined his ear, And checked his task, and changed his cheer, He told them with a manly grief The sudden shipwreck of their chief.
P2.
a. to make heavy (foul, hardy, etc.) cheer and variants: to assume the specified appearance, manner, or mood; to be or appear sad, displeased, etc. Also simply to make cheers: to make faces, grimace. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 70 [He] makeð drupi chere.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 157 Summe iuglurs..makien cheres. wrenchen þe muð mis. Schulen wið þe echnen.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 3148 (MED) O goode fader diere, Why make ye thus hevy chiere?
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 471 He bad hire make hardy chere, And seide Amon was of powere To kepe hire from encombrement.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 678 She no cheere made of heuynesse.
c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) l. 319 If my broþer grucche or make foul cheere.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 1787 Shal a man wepe and make yuel chere For his frende whan he dieth here?
1542 Dyalogue Defensyue for Women sig. C.ii They make heuy chere Vpon euery mannes hynderaunce, they take great petye.
b. to make good (glad, merry etc.) cheer; (also simply) to make cheer. Also reflexive.
(a) To be or appear cheerful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > be merry [verb (intransitive)]
blissc897
spilea1000
merryOE
to make good cheera1275
blithea1400
gleea1400
to play the goodfellow1563
jolly1610
to keep Hilary term1618
gaya1629
jovialize1640
a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 40 Ful ney is herte wolde to-breken & þan he madam glade chere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5097 Bes noght rad bot mas godd chere, For your hele drightin sent me here.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 300 He..fenȝeit to mak better cher Yen he had mater to be fer.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 571 He cowde not make no chere but alwey mourn.
1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 327 To make good chear, genialiter agere.
(b) To feast, make merry. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > feast [verb (intransitive)]
to make good (glad, merry etc.) cheerc1330
festya1382
feastc1400
junket1607
convive1609
obligure1623
to make a feast of (also upon)1624
regale1678
smouse1775
to make feast1868
c1330 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Auch.) (1966) l. 30 Al þai made glade chere, And ete and dronke echon wiȝ oþer.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 453 That nycht thai maid thame merye cher.
1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Niv The Corinthians..cam to feade their fleshe and to make carnall chere.
1633 J. Done tr. ‘Aristeas’ Aunc. Hist. Septuagint 126 All the Company betooke them to make cheare and to jouisance.
1693 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis (new ed.) 327 To make good chear, Epulari hilariter.
1830 Edinb. Lit. Jrnl. 30 Jan. 71/2 Green-coat, limber, pranky folks Were making cheer, and cracking jokes.
1958 D. M. Frame tr. M. de Montaigne Compl. Ess. iii. xiii. 849 Alcibiades, a connoisseur in making good cheer, banished even music from the table, so that it should not disturb the pleasure of conversation.
c. to make (also give, do) (a person) (good) cheer and variants: to give a kindly welcome to; to receive and entertain. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > show hospitality to [verb (transitive)]
gestena1300
lodgec1325
cherishc1330
guestc1330
to give cheera1393
harbry14..
callc1430
uptakea1470
recueil1477
host1485
entertain1490
to set forth1526
harbour1534
retainc1540
treata1578
water1742
sport1826
have1868
hospitize1895
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 991 (MED) He makth the Messager no chiere..This Messager was yifteles.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5328 Quen iacob sagh þat hall plenar And all a-bute to mak him cher.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 904 Greet cheere dooth this noble Senatour To kyng Alla.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 747 Greet cheere made oure hoost vs euerichon..He serued vs with vitaille at the beste.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxxviii. 63 To doo yow suche chere as to youre estate bylongeth.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Av What occasion was here, To provide for learninge and make pouertye chere?
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. B3 Shee securely giues good cheare, And reuerend welcome to her princely guest. View more context for this quotation
1697 W. Pope Life Seth, Lord Bishop of Salisbury xxi. 163 If these poor Orfan Books at Rome appear, Make them a hearty Welcome, and good Chear.
1874 St. Nicholas Jan. 139/2 The king's heart grew so merry, that all who came were made welcome, and given good cheer.
1915 Christian Reg. (Boston) 7 Jan. 22/1 It [sc. a hall] was used a third time by the Charity Club of the city, to give good cheer to seventy-five poor children who had not been otherwise provided for.
1952 C. S. Lewis Voy. Dawn Treader iii. 51 Bern and his gracious wife and merry daughters made them good cheer.
P3. with good cheer: (a) in a kindly, friendly, or welcoming manner (obsolete); (b) cheerfully, joyfully; with alacrity.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 13988 (MED) Als he come be a castele a man..praied ihesus til his hous; he made him sembelaund with gode chere.
a1425 Shrewsbury Fragm. in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 2 Þis gift I gif þe with gode chere, Suche dayntese wil do no disese.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. l. 67 (MED) Crist Iesus received with good chere Þe twey Mynutes ȝoue of herte entere By þe wydowe.
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 700 And sche hire deth receyuyth with good cheere ffor loue of antonye.
?1537 Hugh of Caumpedene tr. Hist. Kyng Boccus clxxxxiii. sig. Bivv Forgeuyth god with good chere Al the synnes that a man doth here.
1585 Queenes Entertainem. Woodstocke sig. C2 Now her Maiestie being risen: with good cheere, accompanied with the Queene of the fayrye and the Ladye Caudina; she commeth from her banquite.
1707 M. Prior Ladle: Moral in Poems Several Occasions 50 Ye thus Hospitably live, And Strangers with Good Cheer receive.
1840 Musical Mag. 4 Jan. 1 We begin our second volume with good cheer.
1898 Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineer's Monthly Jrnl. Apr. 262/1 New Year's evening we went with good cheer and best wishes to Brother and Sister Anderson's and spent another very pleasant evening.
1919 Nat. Hist. 19 290 The golden Arctic poppy (Papaver radicatum) for a few weeks in summer greets the botanist with good cheer wherever he may wander.
1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 21 Nov. 14/1 Before his death in June, he submitted with good cheer to the publishing routine.
2005 J. M. Coetzee Slow Man ii. 15 How one accepts with good cheer one of the bitterer blows of fate.
P4. to be of good cheer: to be cheerful or in good spirits; spec. to be encouraged, comforted, or consoled; to take heart (frequently in imperative).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > stoicism > to be stiff-upper-lipped [verb]
to be of (good) comfortc1320
to be of good cheera1413
to stand buff1701
to keep (carry, have) a stiff upper lip1798
to die game1886
stiff-upper-lip1977
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 879 Loue hath beset þe wel be of good chere.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xviii. 282 He badde his felowes to be of goode chier.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. v. 6 We are alwaye of good chere.
?1590 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Amadis of Gaule ix. 38 He was of better cheere, and came more neere him to continue this talke.
1644 H. Manwayring Seaman's Dict. in Life & Wks. (1922) (modernized text) II. 96 When they encourage a man, as if they would say be of good cheer or be not dismayed or be courageous, they say, Bear up man.
1673 B. Keach War with Devil 100 Pull up thy drooping heart, be of good chear.
1712 E. Budgell Spectator No. 313. ¶16 His Friend..bade him be of good Cheer.
1773 P. Brydone Tour Sicily & Malta I. x. 182 The Cyclops, after taking a great draught of brandy, desired us to be of good cheer.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 144 A second voice was at mine ear,..A murmur, ‘Be of better cheer.’
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 23 Be of good cheer, sweet sir, and give your opinion.
1917 Nature-study Rev. Apr. 168 He was strong at heart and of good cheer.
2008 Maclean's 6 Sept. 96 Federalists: be of good cheer. The people who voted No in the 1980 and 1995 referendums were right to vote that way.
P5. what cheer? (formerly also †what cheer with you?, †what cheer make you?): used as a friendly greeting or salutation; ‘how do you feel?’ ‘how are you?’. Now archaic or regional.Cf. wotcher int.
ΚΠ
a1450 York Plays (1885) 115 Say, Marie doghtir, what chere with þe?
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 143 A, Gyll, what chere?
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xiv. sig. Biii What chere make you fayre loue Jehannet.
1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 51 How do you wife, what chere with you?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 2 Heere Master: What cheere ? View more context for this quotation
1676 R. Williams George Fox digg'd out of his Burrowes 308 Except you begin with a What Chear or some other Salutation, you had as good meet an Horse or a Cow.
1729 J. Gay Polly ii. v. 33 What cheer, my lads? Has fortune sent you a good prize?
1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. x. 210 He rose and received him with the salutation of ‘What cheer, brother?’
1828 T. Moore Meeting of Ships ii. 8 Ship ahoy! ship ahoy! what cheer? what cheer?
1840 C. G. F. Gore Dacre of South iii. ii. 41 How fares it with our friend?—What cheer with Mansel?
1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words at How The ordinary formula of the salute is ‘How there, marra?’ with the reply, interrogative, of ‘What cheer, hinney?’
1928 Daily Mail 25 July 10/6 Then their politeness. No slapping a friend on the back with a ‘What cheer, old fruit?’
2003 J. Stockwin Mutiny (2004) vii. 177 What cheer, Tom?
P6. Proverb. the fewer the better cheer and variants: the fewer people there are, the more there will be for each to eat or (more generally) the better the occasion or situation will be. Frequently contrasted with the more the merrier at merry adj. Phrases 2b. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. viii. v. §11 443 Those that were authors of this, had learned to well our olde prouerb, the fewer the better cheare, but the more Byshops, the merier it had bin with Gods people.
c1650 H. Norwood Voy. Virginia in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) (modernized text) VI. 154/2 We..fell on without using the ceremony of calling the rest of our company..the proverb telling us, The fewer the better chear.
1686 J. Warr tr. Quintilian Declamations xii. 294 Our Vessels are full fraught and to inhance our joy for so great a Blessing the fewer Guests, the better Chear.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 125 Lady Smart..Come, the more the merrier. Sir John. Ay, but the fewer the better Cheer.
1798 J. Ring Refl. on Surgeons Bill 121 In respect to the paucity which he recommends, perhaps he thinks the fewer hands in a purse the better; at any rate, the fewer the better cheer.
1887 H. C. Adams Perils in Transvaal ii. 24 You know the old proverb..the fewer the better cheer. We must try to make that good.
1969 Speculum 44 516 Some delegates felt ‘the more the merrier,’ and others, though not expressing the sentiment directly, ‘the fewer the better cheer.’
P7. to abate one's cheer: see abate v.1 12. to mend a person's cheer: see mend v. 7.

Compounds

Objective with agent nouns and participles, as cheer-bringer, cheer-marrer; cheer-bringing, cheer-giving, etc.
ΚΠ
1594 S. Daniel Cleopatra v. ii, in Delia (new ed.) sig. N2 Chear-marrer Care, did then such passions breed.
1810 J. Stewart Genevieve 11 The hunter and sire; Who closer prest round, as the cheer-giving fire Its faggots had piled for the night.
1868 Putnam's Mag. Jan. 66/2 He might come..as cheer-bringer, dispeller of evil, uniter of the estranged.
1918 Amer. Stationer & Office Outfitter 26 Oct. 31/1 Be optimistic; be a cheer-spreader instead of a gloom-producer.
1988 S. N. Kramer in M. V. Fox Temple in Society i. 12 A luminous cheer-bringing temple built of silver and lapis lazuli.
2003 N.Y. Sun (Nexis) 18 Feb. 12 Ms. McGregor trains dogs as hospital visitors. Jazzy is expected to become one of these cheer-bringers, but must first pass a four-part test.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cheern.2

Brit. /tʃɪə/, U.S. /tʃɪ(ə)r/
Inflections: Plural unchanged.
Forms: 1800s–1900s cheor, 1800s– cheer, 1800s– chir.
Origin: A borrowing from Nepali. Etymon: Nepali cīr.
Etymology: < Nepali cīr, imitative of the bird's call.
A Himalayan pheasant, Catreus wallichii, having greyish-buff plumage with a long crest and tail. More fully cheer pheasant.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > miscellaneous members
gold pheasant1765
white-eared1780
cheer1826
tragopan1829
koklass1864
tree-partridge1864
wood-quail1891
bush-quail1893
swamp quail1895
1826 Trans. Linnean Soc. 15 166 The local name of this bird is Cheer. It is a native of the Almorah Hills on the north-eastern boundary of Hindostan.
1864 T. C. Jerdon Birds India III. 527 [The Cheer Pheasant is called] Chir, Cheor, Banchil, and Herril, in various parts of the Himalayas.
1879 A. O. Hume & C. H. T. Marshall Game Birds India I. 170 The best places in which to find Cheer are the Dangs or precipitous places.
1922 Blackwood's Mag. Mar. 334/1 There are three other varieties of pheasant—the cheer, the white-crested kaleeg, and the koklass.
1969 S. Ali & S. D. Ripley Handbk. Birds India & Pakistan II. 116 Chir pheasant, Catreus wallichii... A long-tailed West Himalayan pheasant reminiscent of an English hen pheasant.
2014 Times of India (Nexis) 28 Oct. The Darjeeling zoo has agreed to send a pair of pandas... In return, the Nainital zoo will be sending a pair of cheer pheasant there.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cheerv.1

Brit. /tʃɪə/, U.S. /tʃɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Middle English–1500s chere, Middle English–1500s chiere, Middle English– cheer, 1500s chire, 1500s chyr, 1500s–1600s cheere, 1500s–1600s cherd (past tense), 1500s–1700s chear, 1500s–1700s cheare, 1800s cheeard (past tense; perhaps typographical error). N.E.D. (1889) also records a form Middle English chyer.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: cheer n.1
Etymology: < cheer n.1 Compare earlier cheered adj. and also acheer v.The wide range of senses shown by this word is paralleled by its etymon cheer n.1; the apparent lack of semantic continuity between some senses suggests conversion of the noun in different senses at different points in time. Middle Eng. Dict. interprets ‘set to chere’ in quot. c1390 at cheer n.1 3 as showing the infinitive of the verb, but it seems more likely to show the noun, given the parallel with ‘set from cheere’ in the preceding verse. In the Middle English Dest. Troy the word occurs chiefly in close collocation with the name Achilles , with which it appears to alliterate. In quots. from this work at senses 1b, 4c, and 6a, the poet's choice of the word may have been motivated by stylistic rather than semantic considerations, so that the precise sense intended is often uncertain.
1.
a. transitive. To give hope, comfort, or encouragement to (a person, the mind, etc.) in a time of difficulty or sadness; to solace; to hearten. Now frequently in passive.In quot. 1614: to give (a part of the body) relief from physical discomfort; cf. sense 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve
froverc900
hearteOE
lighteOE
onlightc1175
salvec1175
leathc1200
solace1297
stillc1315
to put in comfortc1320
easec1385
comfort1389
fordilla1400
recomforta1400
ronea1400
solancea1400
cheer?a1425
acheerc1450
consolate1477
repease1483
dilla1500
recreate?a1500
sporta1500
dulcerate?1586
comfit1598
comfortize1600
reassure1604
sweeten1647
console1693
re-establish1722
release1906
?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 28 (MED) For to chere mankynde in erþe, he [sc. St. John] left it writen in his book.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xix. l. 58 Þe qweene..Swowneng to the Erthe fyl sche there. Thanne sire Nasciens Gan hire to Chere, And brased hire In his Armes two.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 13 Make me solas and comfort, and chere me.
?1556 (a1500) Knight of Curtesy (Copland) sig. A.iii To hym comforte anone he toke And began the lady for to chere.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. i. 11 Much rubbing is comfortable and cheareth euery member.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) v. ii. 180 Therefore be cheer'd, Make not your thoughts your prisons. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 129 So cheard he his fair Spouse, and she was cheard. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 334 Their drooping Courages he cheer'd.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. iv. 118 He chears the souls of his people.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. xvii. 378 The poor being cheered by these feasts of religion and charity.
1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch IV. viii. lxxxi. 286 She is better this morning, and..she will be cheered by seeing you again.
1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 14/2 She was greatly cheered by Lynn's plan, felt that everything was solved.
1997 Oxoniensia 61 362 The news that All Souls was nearly unanimous in his support did not cheer him.
2015 Daily Mail (Nexis) 26 May Investors were cheered by a recovering economy.
b. transitive (reflexive). To take heart, summon courage; (later chiefly) to console oneself with a comforting thought, hope, etc. Frequently in imperative.For use in quot. c1540, see discussion in etymology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > console [verb (reflexive)]
comforta1400
cheerc1540
solacec1540
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 132v Achilles for the chop cherit hym not litle.
a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. H2v Yet Bacon cheere thee, drowne not in despaire.
1599 George a Greene sig. B4v Cheare thee, my boy.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vi. 5 Liue a little, comfort a little, cheere thy selfe a little. View more context for this quotation
1658 A. Jackson Annot. Job x. 68 in Annot. Old Test. Doctrinall Bks. I cannot for that chear my self with any hope or comfort.
1729 G. Adams tr. Sophocles Electra iii. i, in tr. Sophocles Trag. I. 125 What have you found, that you chear your self with such vain Hopes?
1786 W. M. Trinder Pract. Serm. xiv. 252 Often do foolish men cheer themselves with the hopes of many years to come, when, alas! they never reflect on the time that is irrevocably gone.
1840 E. C. Grey Young Prima Donna I. xiii. 88 With these bright hopes I cheered myself.
1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 150 O cheer thee, maiden! in His Name, Who still'd Jairus' wail!
1925 Motor Boating Apr. 31/1 I tried to cheer myself with the reflection that the storm was probably seasonal.
1999 E. Fitzpatrick Love to eat, hate to Eat vii. 111 Cheer yourself with the knowledge that..you are able to form new habits.
c. intransitive. To take heart; to be encouraged or heartened; to be consoled or comforted. In early use chiefly in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be consoled or relieved [verb (intransitive)]
to take (have) comfortc1320
solace1340
lightenc1440
cheer1590
comforta1616
expectorate1749
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. I5 She cast to bring him, where he chearen might, Till he recouered had his late decayed plight.
a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Sol. ix. 48 Then chear, my soul; Let not the rubs of earth Disturb thy peace, or interrupt thy mirth.
1682 E. Settle Absalom Senior 23 What is't that frights you thus?.. Cheer, cheer, my Friends.
?1780 Festival of Momus (new ed.) 211 Cheer, cheer, my love, you shall not grieve.
1796 Whim of Day 48 Says he to me, cheer, cheer, my friend.
1863 Willenhall Mag. 1 6 She found that her own oppressed heart cheered with the effort to cheer others.
1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 23 They say..‘As soon as he saw his mother, he began to cheer’; i.e. to cheer up.
1974 Ebony Dec. 18/4 I cheered somewhat when I read and heard of proposed amnesty for draft dodgers and deserters.
2008 B. D. Bruns Cruise Confidential ii. 178 I cut her off with a laugh. I was finally cheering a little.
2012 A. M. Smith Glaciers 41 Monotonous and thankless as her job can be sometimes, she cheers at the thought of her coworkers..all capable of saving the world if called upon.
2. transitive. To welcome, treat hospitably; esp. to entertain with feasting and hospitality; to provide with good food and drink. Cf. cheer n.1 6. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > be or become in a specific mood [verb]
takec1175
feelc1225
cheerc1425
vein1589
frame1763
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feed or nourish [verb (transitive)] > entertain with food
feasta1325
festya1382
rehetec1400
cheerc1425
table1457
treata1578
banquet1594
kitchena1616
junket1642
regale1656
collation1662
fete1812
sport1826
sock1842
blow1949
c1425 (?a1400) Arthur (Longleat 55) l. 274 (MED) Arthour ȝaf ham ȝyftez grete, And chered ham wyþ drynk and Mete.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 115 Their moder..fested and chered theym gretly.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 205 Into the Abbey, where they were feasted and cheered.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 234 Nerrissa, cheere yond stranger, bid her welcom. View more context for this quotation
1639 W. Gouge Recovery from Apostacy 8 His Father..cheares him with musick and dancing.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 23 I my self the Guests with friendly Bowls will chear.
1742 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes ii. xiv. 255 Not the Feasts Of Pontiffes chear their ravish'd Guests With Liquor so divine.
1792 R. Heron tr. D. Chavis & M. Cazotte Arabian Tales I. 110 Giafar's host returned eagerly to cheer his guest.
3.
a. transitive. To make cheerful or joyful; to gladden. Later esp.: to make (a place, period of time, etc.) more cheerful; to enliven, brighten.Now somewhat rare or merged in sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)]
to mend a person's cheera1325
raisec1384
cherishc1400
rehetec1400
blithec1440
cheer1440
lightena1450
light?1473
embellish1481
hearten1524
exhilarate1540
laetificate1547
to cheer up1550
lift1572
to do a person's heart good1575
acheera1592
upcheerc1595
cherry1596
relevate1598
encheer1605
brighten1607
buoy1652
undumpisha1661
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
cheerfulize1781
blithen1824
pearten1827
chirk1843
to chipper up1873
to chirp up188.
to buck up1909
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 72 Cheryn, or make good chere, hillaro, exhillaro, letifico.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 33 (MED) The children of mennys douȝtris at euery mennys lappe pleien, wiþ hem euery man hym silf cheerith.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Mowbray f. xiiiiv With the Quene my wife and children me to chere.
1611 Bible (King James) Ecclus. xi. 9 Let thy heart cheere thee in the dayes of thy youth. View more context for this quotation
1653 Ghost or Woman wears the Breeches 1 The early star hath chear'd the chanting Cock And taught his wing to be the Countrey Clock.
1728 E. Young Ocean 37 The stars are bright To chear the night, And shed, thro' shadows, temper'd fire.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 200 Ten thousand warblers chear the day, and one The live-long night.
1819 Eclectic Rev. Sept. 221 Gothic cloisters resounding to the notes of music, and cheered by wine.
1913 W. R. Benét in Cent. Mag. Aug. 566 Martial music cheered our march from all the birds that fly.
2014 J. Drury Music at Midnight ix. 266 Light and music cheered those darkest days of the English winter.
b. intransitive. To be or become cheerful; (in early use) spec. †to feast, make merry (obsolete). Now merged in sense 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up
cheer?1553
to look up1600
come1607
to cheer up1620
exhilarate1620
brighten1692
to come to1765
to come about1775
spurk1823
to hearten up1834
to buck up1844
chirk1844
pearten1851
to come around1853
to liven up1863
to chipper up1867
lighten1873
pep1910
to lighten up1911
?1553–77 Life Fisher (Harl. 6382) (1921) 137 He sate banquettinge and cheeringe at his howse of Hanworth.
1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 25 Who hath where with all may chere when he shall But charged man, must chere as he can.
1592 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) viii. xxxviii. 171 He chats, she cheeres, he courts, she coyes.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xii. §2. 338 All, which come to heare it, doe reioyce, and cheere at it.
1642 A. Grosse Myst. Self-denyall vii, in Sweet & Soule-perswading Inducements 152 Now he is discerned feasting, cheering, and ministring the sence of his love to the heart.
c. transitive. To make (one's own or another person's face or countenance) look bright or cheerful; spec. to brighten (the face, eyes, etc.) with cosmetics. Obsolete.Cf. quot. 1725 for to cheer up 1 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > improve in appearance
cheer1560
tickle1567
smudge1589
perk1590
smug1598
pamper1611
smart1780
smarten1788
primp1801
to fig up1872
dude1899
posh1919
1560 Bible (Geneva) Ecclus. xxxvi. 22 The beautie of a woman chereth the face, and a man loueth nothing better.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions x. 56 It [sc. an exercise of the voice] mendeth the colour, and cheareth the countenaunce.
1607 A. Newman Bible-bearer sig. C2v It [sc. wine] warmes your bodie, Cheeres your countenaunce, and makes you merry, and ioyfull.
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 116 With her best Complexions, Shee mends her Face's wrinkle-full defections, Her Cheek shee cherries, and her ey shee cheers.
1662 Prayer Bk. Veni Creator Sp. Anoint and cheer our soiled face With the abundance of thy grace.
1719 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia ii. 64 Nor he, the Chief his sacred Visage chear'd, Nor smooth'd his matted Locks, or horrid Beard.
1788 E. Blower Features from Life I. x. 146 Matilda wiped her eyes, and cheared her countenance, in the hope he would not perceive she had been weeping.
4. To strengthen or revive physically.
a. transitive. To warm (an animal, plant, part of the body, etc.), esp. with sunlight; to revive with warmth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > warm a person or the body
warmc900
cheer?1440
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1088 So that the flaume vpbende The cellis forto chere and chaufe olofte [L. cellas..plus calere].
1595 B. Barnes Divine Cent. Spirituall Sonnets lxi. sig. E3 Oh precious Ardoure,..I thy beames intreate Which cheere all plants, [etc.].
1669 J. Flavel Husbandry Spiritualized iii. 265 Plants and herbs..are refreshed and cheered by the heat of the Sun, and yet that heat sometimes kills and scorches them up.
1712 R. Blackmore Creation vi. 275 Ev'ry Insect of each diff'rent Kind, In its own Egg cheer'd by the Solar Rays.
1754 G. Jeffreys tr. J. Vanière Country Farm xiii, in G. Jeffreys Misc. in Verse & Prose 211 Fresh from the Bath they [sc. birds] instantly retreat, To chear their cooling Eggs with wonted heat.
b. transitive. Of food or drink: to refresh or invigorate (a person, the body, etc.). Also with person as subject: to refresh or invigorate (oneself, one's body, etc.) with food or drink.In recent use mostly a contextual use of sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]
akeleOE
restOE
comfort1303
ease1330
quickc1350
recurea1382
refresha1382
refetec1384
restorec1384
affilea1393
enforcec1400
freshc1405
revigour?a1425
recomfortc1425
recreatec1425
quicken?c1430
revive1442
cheerc1443
refection?c1450
refect1488
unweary1530
freshen1532
corroborate1541
vige?c1550
erect?1555
recollect?1560
repose1562
respite1565
rouse1574
requicken1576
animate1585
enlive1593
revify1598
inanimate1600
insinew1600
to wind up1602
vigorize1603
inspiritc1610
invigour1611
refocillate1611
revigorate1611
renovate1614
spriten1614
repaira1616
activate1624
vigour1636
enliven1644
invigorate1646
rally1650
reinvigorate1652
renerve1652
to freshen up1654
righta1656
re-enlivena1660
recruita1661
enlighten1667
revivify1675
untire1677
reanimate1694
stimulate1759
rebrace1764
refreshen1780
brisken1799
irrigate1823
tonic1825
to fresh up1835
ginger1844
spell1846
recuperate1849
binge1854
tone1859
innerve1880
fiercen1896
to tone up1896
to buck up1909
pep1912
to zip up1927
to perk up1936
to zizz up1944
hep1948
to zing up1948
juice1964
the mind > emotion > pleasure > state of being consoled or relieved > be relieved of [verb (transitive)] > console or relieve > as food or drink
cheerc1443
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (reflexive)]
resteOE
ease1330
roa1400
ronea1400
refreshc1405
recomfortc1425
breathea1470
unweary1530
recreate1542
aira1616
recruit1646
refect1646
regale1682
unfatigue1734
renew1783
cheer1784
delassitude1807
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 326 (MED) Ouer myche drinking of wijnes, alis, and alle maner of drinkis whiche ben hastely þe hert chering.
1548 W. Forrest Pleasaunt Poesye 397 in T. Starkey Eng. in Reign King Henry VIII (1878) i. p. xcvv Beeif, Mutton, Veale, to cheare their courage.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges ix. 13 Wine, which cheareth God and man. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 Their cold Stomachs with crown'd Goblets cheer . View more context for this quotation
1742 P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Odes ii. vii. 217 With Wine oblivious chear thy Soul.
1784 T. Tyers in Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 907/1 With tea he cheered himself in the morning.
1846 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 277/2 Cheered and invigorated by the pleasant liquor of which he had now so long been deprived, he commenced.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 68 Wine is to cheer them now that their limbs are old.
1885 C. Lowe Life Bismarck II. 488 Not his the heart that could be cheered by blue-ribbon liquors.
1937 M. D. Luhan Edge of Taos Desert iv. 39 Maurice was cheered by the soup as men always are.
2003 R. J. Gunn Sisterchicks on Loose viii. 106 We dined for more than two hours at our window to the world. The tea cheered us.
c. transitive. To cure (a person) of a wound; to heal (a wound). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person or part
wholeeOE
healc1000
betterOE
i-sundienc1175
salvea1225
botenc1225
savea1250
warishc1250
recurea1382
curec1384
mendc1390
remedya1470
cheerc1540
loosea1637
to pull through1816
rehab1973
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 158v Achilles thurgh chaunse was cherit of his wond.
a1765 J. Gibbons Sinners Tears (ed. 2) in Mourning Saint among Willows (1777) xx. 31 Who will propose the all-powerful cordial to chear my wounds?
1792 New-year's Gift 6 Its [sc. the Gospel Sun's] enlivening power to warm their heart, To cheer each wound, and strengthen every part.
5.
a. transitive. To encourage or urge (a person or animal) to an action, state, etc.; to rouse, prompt, spur on, (in later use) esp. with cries or shouts. Frequently (and now chiefly): spec. to urge on (hounds) in a hunt. Cf. to cheer on at Phrasal verbs.Sometimes overlapping with sense 5d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate
stirc897
putOE
sputc1175
prokec1225
prickc1230
commovec1374
baitc1378
stingc1386
movea1398
eager?a1400
pokec1400
provokea1425
tollc1440
cheera1450
irritec1450
encourage1483
incite1483
harden1487
attice1490
pricklea1522
to set on1523
incense1531
irritate1531
animate1532
tickle1532
stomach1541
instigate1542
concitea1555
upsteer1558
urge1565
instimulate1570
whip1573
goad1579
raise1581
to set upa1586
to call ona1592
incitate1597
indarec1599
alarm1602
exstimulate1603
to put on1604
feeze1610
impulse1611
fomentate1613
emovec1614
animalize1617
stimulate1619
spura1644
trinkle1685
cite1718
to put up1812
prod1832
to jack up1914
goose1934
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3781 Among his ost ful fast he rode, And chered his knightes.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5447 (MED) His bowmen he cheris, To flay..þe fell bestis.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos v. sig. O.j The Troians them did chere, and did receyue with wondrous ioye.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C6v His Lady did so well him cheare, That hope of new good hap he gan to feele.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 124 A cry more tunable Was neuer hollowd to, nor cheerd with horne. View more context for this quotation
1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 139 The eager Dogs are cheer'd with claps and cries.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xv. sig. B4 Men as plants increase, Cheared and checkt euen by the selfe-same skie.
1663 J. Beale Let. 4 Jan. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1965) II. 3 Yu must cheare Mr Evelyne to advance from his Sylva & prepare his Orchard for ye Spring.
1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 261 He chear'd the Dogs to follow her who fled.
1794 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) I. 426 Captain Walter Serocold was killed by a grape-shot..as he cheered the people who were dragging the gun.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 12 Close on the hounds the hunter came, To cheer them on the vanished game.
1826 Adams Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 19 July Two black women were about to fight, and their beaux cheered them to the combat with ‘Go ahead and buss e boiler.’
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. 221 Cheering his troops by his presence and his words.
1908 Baily's Mag. Apr. 279/1 He put his horn to his lips..and cheered the hounds.
1924 K. K. White King's Mountain Men 181 Hambright was badly wounded at the beginning, but kept cheering his men to victory.
2006 H. J. Robards Foxhunting (2011) iii. 62 The huntsman..goes into the covert to cheer his hounds.
b. transitive. Nautical. To salute (a ship) with a shout or cheer; spec. (of a crew stationed on deck) to salute formally (a passing ship) with three cheers; frequently in to cheer ship. Also intransitive with to.
ΚΠ
1669 T. Allin Jrnl. 12 Feb. (1940) (modernized text) II. 85 I cheered to him [sc. a ship] and gave him his ticket.
1789 Diary of Royal Tour 39 As they came a-head of the Southampton, their men on the yards cheer'd.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere i, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 7 The Ship was cheer'd, the Harbour clear'd.
1803 in D. Knox Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (1941) III. 134 After the garrison saluted we cheeard ship.
1843 Proc. Court of Inq. Mutiny Somers 14/1 All hands were then called to cheer ship and gave three hearty cheers.
1908 J. Masefield Capt. Margaret xii. 404 The sloop's men cheered the ship. The men of the Broken Heart answered with a single cheer.
1995 J. Winton Signals from Falklands 203 Her ship's company lined the side and cheered ship for Stena Seaspread.
c. intransitive. To shout loudly as an expression of support, praise, or jubilation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (intransitive)] > by shouting
acclaim1652
huzza1683
cheer1804
hip hip hooray1832
hoch1909
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice or exult [verb (intransitive)] > make sounds of rejoicing or exultation > shout for joy or cheer
acclaim1652
hurrah1798
cheer1804
1804 G. Rose Diary 30 May (1860) II. 146 The boys of the school cheered as he passed.
1833 H. Martineau Manch. Strike (new ed.) iv. 42 A signal whether to groan or cheer.
1858 W. M. Thackeray in Harper's Mag. Dec. 105/2 Our men huzzaed and cheered with good heart.
1865 G. S. Lang Aborigines of Austral. 29 The native spectators groaned whenever a blackfellow fell, but cheered lustily when a white bit the dust.
1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xix. 59 The House cheered more tumultuously than ever.
1937 Life 13 Sept. 77/2 (caption) A policeman helped him up to the pier and a thousand onlookers cheered.
1989 I. Frazier Great Plains ii. 33 The first time I saw him hit from the farthest mark, I cheered.
2012 Independent 6 Aug. 30/4 Jessica Ennis..wept as she received her gold while 80,000 fans cheered and belted out the National Anthem.
d. transitive. To show support or praise for (a person, idea, etc.) or jubilation at (a situation, turn of events, etc.) with loud shouts; to applaud with cheers. Also more generally: to praise, express approval of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice over or at [verb (transitive)] > cheer
cheer1827
hurrah1832
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > by shouting
huzza1688
shout1706
hip1818
cheer1827
beshout1828
bravo1831
hurrah1832
jolly1891
hoch1909
1827 Poll-bk. Contested Election Northumberland 1826 129 The immense assemblage of people, who loudly cheered his lordship when the procession stopped.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 148 Many of the audience cheered and applauded this.
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 793/1 A graduating class of generous collegians spontaneously cheers a professor as a parting token of respect and regard.
1951 J. Frame Lagoon 79 We got shouted to the pictures..where we cheered the goodies and booed the baddies.
1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 13 Aug. 7/2 Housewives..cheered the heavy drop in the price of beef.
1986 Times 16 June 5/4 About 100 people applauded and cheered his return.
2007 A. Fields T. Pastor vii. 75 Enthusiastic admirers..cheered every performer before they began their routine, cheered them while they performed, and cheered them afterwards.
6.
a. transitive (reflexive). With complement. To have or assume the specified mood or frame of mind; to feel happy, sad, etc. Cf. cheer n.1 2. Obsolete.See discussion in etymology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself (of an emotion) [verb (reflexive)] > manifest emotion
cheerc1540
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 161 Ffor the choise kyng Achilles þai cherit hom euyll With myche dole for his dethe.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 142v Achilles was choise fayne cherit hym the bettur And now hatnes his hert all in hote loue.
b. intransitive in same sense. Esp. in how cheer you?: ‘how do you feel’, ‘how are you?’ Cf. what cheer? at cheer n.1 Phrases 5. Obsolete (archaic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > manifest emotion
cheer1577
emote1900
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. M And meaning to discouer him in some secrete order (shee sayde) how cheare you.
1586 T. Bright Treat. Melancholie xviii. 110 This sort [sc. vnnaturall melancholie]..destroyeth the braine..and maketh both it, & the hart cheere more vncomfortably.
1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. Dv How cheere you gentleman.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. v. 65 How cherst thou Iessica. View more context for this quotation
1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 26 Aske him how he cheeres.
1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. C3v How cheare my hearts? 1 Beg. Most crowse, most capringly.
1657 R. Purnell Little Cabinet Richly Stored 394 Some crying, some craving, some pittying, some chearing well.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Aft How chear ye fore and aft? i.e. How fares all your Ships Company?
1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 194 The Landlord himself..asks how cheer you?
1795 J. Price Seaman's Return i. ii. 7 How cheer you Mr. Seward? hearty I hope.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. V. xvii. 33 How cheers, to-night, my divine Claudius?

Phrases

to cheer but not inebriate and variants: (of drink, esp. tea) to refresh or invigorate a person without causing drunkenness. Similarly to cheer and inebriate, etc. Chiefly humorous.In quot. 1744 with reference to tar-water; later chiefly following Cowper's jocular application of the phrase to tea (quot. 1785).
ΚΠ
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §217 The luminous spirit lodged in the native balsam of pines..is of a nature so mild..as to warm without heating, to cheer but not inebriate.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 39 The cups, That cheer but not inebriate, wait on each.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table v. 123 Had freely partaken of the cup which cheers and likewise inebriates.
1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. 290 A cup..which to my mind neither cheers nor inebriates.
1862 G. Borrow Wild Wales II. xiv. 154 I drew nigh..and read: ‘tea made here, the draught which cheers but not inebriates.’
1908 Bull. (Sydney) 10 Dec. 21/1 The long sleever that cheers and the Jimmy Woodser that inebriates.
1937 J. P. Marquand Late George Apley (1940) iv. 32 With no other stimulation than the cup that cheers but does not inebriate.
2014 Western Morning News (Nexis) 1 Dec. 18 I had just had a cup that cheers but not inebriates, well a mug actually.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs in specialized senses. to cheer on
transitive. To encourage or urge (a person or animal) to an action, state, etc. Now chiefly: to shout cheers of encouragement for (a person, team, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite > vocally
to cheer on1577
word1602
halloo1606
loo1667
chirrup1785
hark on1813
yell1851
hark forward1865
1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. L.iijv Moste courteously shee cheared him on, saying: what is thy will?
1605 A. Munday tr. G. Affinati Dumbe Divine Speaker xvi. 179 Caesar and Alexander cheered on their souldiers and boldly encouraged them to the battaile.
1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil XII Aeneids v. 124 Mnestheus trudging to and fro About the ship, his men cheeres on to row.
1767 W. J. Mickle Concubine ii. xxviii. 57 The cunning Huntsman now cheers on his Pack.
1838 Sporting Mag. Apr. 436 He cheered on his hounds, who slowly paced the edge of the covert.
1889 Scribner's Mag. July 35/2 The two raced down to the ‘wire’, cheered on by the applause of the spectators.
1937 H. Klein Stage-coach Dust 203 Their comrades cheered them on with patriotic and other songs.
1985 B. Young & M. Moody Lang. Rock 'n' Roll 26 Most of RCA were in the theatre to cheer us on.
2013 Time Out N.Y. 14 Nov. 16/2 Friendly groups of expats and soccer fans head to this spacious, European-style public house to cheer on their footy teams.
to cheer up
1. transitive. To make (a person or his or her mood, disposition, etc.) more cheerful, esp. with kind or comforting words or treatment; to raise the spirits of. Also: to give (a thing) a brighter or more cheerful appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > make cheerful [verb (transitive)]
to mend a person's cheera1325
raisec1384
cherishc1400
rehetec1400
blithec1440
cheer1440
lightena1450
light?1473
embellish1481
hearten1524
exhilarate1540
laetificate1547
to cheer up1550
lift1572
to do a person's heart good1575
acheera1592
upcheerc1595
cherry1596
relevate1598
encheer1605
brighten1607
buoy1652
undumpisha1661
to lift (up) a person's spirits1711
cheerfulize1781
blithen1824
pearten1827
chirk1843
to chipper up1873
to chirp up188.
to buck up1909
1550 J. Harington tr. Cicero Bk. Freendeship f. 39v He ought rather to studie and find the meanes, that he cheare vp [L excitet] his freendes dismaied minde, and bryng hym in a more hope and better comfort.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. iii. 113 My soueraigne Lord, cheere vp your selfe, look vp. View more context for this quotation
1653 tr. L. van Aitzema Notable Revol. Netherlands 137 Shee ought rather in this desolate estate to bee by all means comforted and cheer'd up.
1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 537 The Seraphick Fraternity..chear'd up his Countenance with Ointment.
1795 P. Will tr. C. Tschink Victim Magical Delusion I. 38 Lucy did every thing in her power to cheer him up, but succeeded only in part.
1817 W. Caesar Poems 24 Syne he gied each a glass o' toddy To cheer them up and mak' them noddy.
1879 Vanity Fair 20 Sept. 157/1 Uniforms always cheer up the room as well as the spirits of the dancers.
1883 J. A. Froude Short Stud. IV. 72 The abbot cheered him up, laughed at his dejection.
1900 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Jan. 1/3 She give me a spotted blouse of hers that she'd got sick of, just to cheer me up.
1963 P. West Mod. Novel ii. ii. 169 Theorizing is an effective way of cheering ourselves up, but not of constructing principles.
1996 Divertimenti Mail Order Catal. Autumn 32/2 A cheerful sky blue and white windowpane check is sure to cheer up the dinner table.
2013 Guardian 31 Aug. (Guide Suppl.) 66/2 Matron leaves a chocolate on their pillow to cheer them up.
2. intransitive. To become more cheerful; (in early use) esp. to take heart; to be encouraged or comforted. Frequently in imperative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > be cheerful [verb (intransitive)] > become cheerful or cheer up
cheer?1553
to look up1600
come1607
to cheer up1620
exhilarate1620
brighten1692
to come to1765
to come about1775
spurk1823
to hearten up1834
to buck up1844
chirk1844
pearten1851
to come around1853
to liven up1863
to chipper up1867
lighten1873
pep1910
to lighten up1911
1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes vii. sig. G1v Cheare vp, (deare Sister) though our foe Hath ta'ne vs Captiues..We haue a King puissant..Will see vs take no wrong.
1651 Weekly Intelligencer 11 Nov. 346 He..look't but heavy at his entrance, yet immediately after he cheered up, and in full bowles began his healths to the King.
1677 T. D'Urfey Madam Fickle ii. 14 Brother come, cheer up.
1760 D. Garrick Heart of Oak in Universal Mag. Mar. 152 Come chear up, my lads, 'tis to glory we steer.
1800 Meteors No. 6. 213 But cheer up friends, and look before; Go back's as tedious as go o'er.
1834 July up Rhine 175 I was greatly relieved when she cheered up and began to smile.
1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 152 Cheer up! cheer up! my little man.
1915 D. Cooper Diary 20 Apr. (2005) 6 Winston was very tired but cheered up under the influence of wine.
1985 J. Sullivan Only Fools & Horses (1999) I. 4th Ser. Episode 6. 244 Come on Rodney cheer up. Pay day tomorrow and then it's Saturday.
2000 M. Beaumont e 225 Nathan, who'd merely glowered until now, cheered up enormously.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cheerv.2

Forms: pre-1700 cheir.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an imitative or expressive formation.
Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps imitative of a whistling sound. Perhaps compare chirr v.
Scottish. Obsolete. rare.
transitive. To blow (a whistle).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > signalling with other sounding instruments > sound signal on instrument [verb (transitive)] > sound whistle as signal
whistle1530
cheerc1600
c1600 A. Montgomerie Poems (2000) I. 93 Our Maister soon his lyttill vhissell cheir [d] His Mariners incontinent compeird.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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n.1c1225n.21826v.1?a1425v.2c1600
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英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

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