chargern.¹

Brit.

/ˈtʃɑːdʒə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃɑrdʒər/

Forms: Middle English chargeour(e, Middle English charyowre, charyooure, charioure, chargiour, chargour, chargere, Middle English– charger.

Etymology: Middle English chargeour may represent an Anglo-Norman chargeour, that which loads; or it may be < Old French *chargeoir, on Latin type *carricātōrium, utensil for loading.

1. A large plate or flat dish for carrying a large joint of meat; a platter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray

trayOE

chargerc1305

service plate1548

venison dish1567

venison plate1567

fruit-trencher1642

salver1661

server1677

voider1677

waiting salver1714

tureen1727

waiter1738

waiting board1770

plateau1790

traylet1825

breakfast-traya1865

cheese board1916

thali1969

charger1984

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > one who accuses

accusorc1350

accusatora1382

accusera1382

pealerc1400

accusant?a1425

witerc1449

imposant1502

charger1512

suggester1530

condemner?1541

cuser1589

suggestora1601

taxer1601

arraigner1854

c1305 Leg. Rood (1871) 136 I was þat cheef chargeour, I bar flesch for folkes feste.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 185 Grett swannes fulle swythe in silveryne chargeours.

1422 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 49 Ij chargours of seluer.

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 21 Lay þe hare in charioure.

1500 Ortus Voc. in Promptorium Parvulorum 70 Lanx, latus discus, a charger.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 7 §7 Workmanship of Tin or Pewter..in Platters, Chargers, Dishes, Saucers.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 50 Flat peces, charges, basens, spones, and censours of pure golde.

1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xiv. 8 Giue me heere Iohn Baptists head in a charger [ Wycl. disch, Tindale and Genev. platter, Rhem. dish; cf. Mark vi. 25 Wycl. disch, Tindale, Genev., and 1611 charger, Rhem. platter] .

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 67 Why doe not those goodly Flanks and Briskets march up in your stately chargers?

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Bee Placing a large Pewter Charger or Platter, under the Cluster of Bees.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 113 Silver chargers and christening bowls.

a. ? A large soup-plate or vessel for liquids.

ΚΠ

1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 Antiquities 147/1 A charger full of wine, which he holds with both his hands.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 169 An immense charger of broth.

b. A large flat vessel for the wort in brewing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > vessel for wort

cool-back1533

gyle-ker1573

underback1635

mash-back1729

charger1880

mashing back1889

1880 Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §25 Fermenting backs and wash chargers.

†c. See quot. 1496.

ΚΠ

1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 293 Item for ij dowbill platis of quhit irne to be gun chargeouris.

Draft additions March 2021

Originally and chiefly North American. In full charger plate. A large decorative plate used to mark a place at table as part of a formal place setting, and as a base on which dining plates, etc., are set during the initial courses of a meal; = service plate n. 1b.

ΚΠ

1984 Sandusky (Ohio) Sunday Reg. 22 July (Sears Suppl.) (advt.) Our set of four brass charger plates... Can be used as a decorative plate or as a charger plate for under fine china.

1994 Canad. House & Home Dec. 72/1 Dessert cutlery may be set above the charger plate but it can also be set out just before dessert.

2017 Business Wire (Nexis) 12 Oct. Delicate cloth napkins and various chargers and plates all bring the layering elements into play.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

chargern.²

Etymology: < charge v. + -er suffix¹: compare French chargeur.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcharger.

†1. One who loads. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > loading > one who

charger1483

loader1587

1483 Cath. Angl. 59 A Chargere, onerator, sarcinator.

†2. One who makes a charge, an accuser. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 18 In presence of the..chargeris, viz. bischopis, preistis, blak freris and grey.

1700 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 602 Hee desired y^e charge might be exhibited ag^t him in writing under y^e charger's hand.

3. Scots Law. One in whose favour a decree suspended is pronounced.

ΚΠ

1747 Act 20 Geo. II c. 50 §13 No Superior shall be obliged to give Obedience to such Charge, unless the Charger at the same Time shall pay or tender to him such Fees or Casualties.

1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iv. iii. 458 A charger, who..wants dispatch, may..apply to the Lords.

4. One who has a charge on an estate or revenue.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > [noun] > holder of charge or security

charger1869

chargee1884

chargeant1887

1869 Act 32 & 33 Victoria c. 116 §5 The charger shall..pay or tender to such superior such duties or casualties as he is by law entitled to receive.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Oct. 6/2 As long as he remained a charger on the estate.

5. A horse ridden in charging the enemy; that ridden by an officer in the field or in action.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger

courserc1300

destrierc1300

high horsec1380

courierc1400

light horse?1473

stirring horse1477

horse of service1577

warhorse1586

trooper1640

dragooner1642

charging-horse1695

troop-gelding1702

charger1762

war-steed1776

troop-horse1859

1712 P. Motteux Don Quixote IV. 1248 [The Knight of the White Moon] presently mounted his Charging-Horse, and leaving the City that very Day, posted homewards. [Some later edd. have charger].]

1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. viii. 177 That elegant charger, who excelled him as much..as his rider Timothy was outshone by his..master.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) VI. 25 The chargers saddled..were embarked in the flat palanders; and the knights stood by the side of their horses.

1801 T. Campbell Hohenlinden iii Furious every charger neighed.

1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xii. 260 They reached the hall-door, and the charger stood near.

1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Charger, the horse of a military officer; ‘a charging horse’.

1877 Field Exercise Infantry (rev. ed.) 413 The embarkation of the Officers' chargers.

a. An appliance for charging.

ΚΠ

1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) Chargers are either Bandaleers or Flasks that contain the Powder.

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Charger, a device for dropping into the bore of a fowling-piece from a shot-belt or pouch a gaged quantity of shot.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 117 Charger (Cornw.), an implement for charging horizontal bore-holes for blasting.

b. A device for loading the magazine of a rifle. Also attributive and in other combinations, as charger-loading, charger system.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber > charger

carrier1833

charger1902

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 651/2 The charger, used in the Mauser system,..is placed over the top of the magazine, and all the cartridges in it pushed by one motion into the magazine.

1904 Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 7/2 The charger system of loading was also recommended.

1909 in Hansard's Parl. Deb. 5th Ser. 10 339/1 The charger-loading rifle.

1932 J. A. Barlow Elements Rifle Shooting ix. 99 I am going to fire ten rounds, in two chargers of five.

Draft additions October 2011

A device for charging cells, batteries, or battery-powered equipment by passing an electric current through them. Frequently with distinguishing word.battery, trickle charger: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1861 W. S. Harris in Proc. Royal Soc. 1860–62 11 252 The instruments employed..consist of the electrical or Leyden jar; Lane's improved electrometer;..and battery charger and discharger.

1898 G. B. Massey Conservative Gynecol. & Electro-therapeutics (ed. 3) xxvi. 333 The Wimshurst machine being merely used as a charger when the main battery has lost its charge.

1920 Comm. Car Jrnl. 15 Oct. 66/1 This charger..is designed to charge the battery at the rate recommended by the battery manufacturer.

1979 Boys' Life June 67/1 Nickel-cadmium batteries..can be completely recharged overnight in a special plug-in charger.

2011 Sun (Nexis) 13 Aug. 29 I forgot to pack my phone charger. Cue panic and mild palpitations as I watched each percentage point of charge ebb away.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	charger
释义	chargern.¹ Brit. /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/, U.S. /ˈtʃɑrdʒər/ Forms: Middle English chargeour(e, Middle English charyowre, charyooure, charioure, chargiour, chargour, chargere, Middle English– charger. Etymology: Middle English chargeour may represent an Anglo-Norman chargeour, that which loads; or it may be < Old French chargeoir, on Latin type carricātōrium, utensil for loading. 1. A large plate or flat dish for carrying a large joint of meat; a platter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray trayOE chargerc1305 service plate1548 venison dish1567 venison plate1567 fruit-trencher1642 salver1661 server1677 voider1677 waiting salver1714 tureen1727 waiter1738 waiting board1770 plateau1790 traylet1825 breakfast-traya1865 cheese board1916 thali1969 charger1984 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > one who accuses accusorc1350 accusatora1382 accusera1382 pealerc1400 accusant?a1425 witerc1449 imposant1502 charger1512 suggester1530 condemner?1541 cuser1589 suggestora1601 taxer1601 arraigner1854 c1305 Leg. Rood (1871) 136 I was þat cheef chargeour, I bar flesch for folkes feste. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 185 Grett swannes fulle swythe in silveryne chargeours. 1422 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 49 Ij chargours of seluer. a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 21 Lay þe hare in charioure. 1500 Ortus Voc. in Promptorium Parvulorum 70 Lanx, latus discus, a charger. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 7 §7 Workmanship of Tin or Pewter..in Platters, Chargers, Dishes, Saucers. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings vii. 50 Flat peces, charges, basens, spones, and censours of pure golde. 1611 Bible (King James) Matt. xiv. 8 Giue me heere Iohn Baptists head in a charger [ Wycl. disch, Tindale and Genev. platter, Rhem. dish; cf. Mark vi. 25 Wycl. disch, Tindale, Genev., and 1611 charger, Rhem. platter] . View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 67 Why doe not those goodly Flanks and Briskets march up in your stately chargers? 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Bee Placing a large Pewter Charger or Platter, under the Cluster of Bees. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 113 Silver chargers and christening bowls. 2. a. ? A large soup-plate or vessel for liquids. ΚΠ 1767 Ann. Reg. 1766 Antiquities 147/1 A charger full of wine, which he holds with both his hands. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 169 An immense charger of broth. b. A large flat vessel for the wort in brewing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > vessel for wort cool-back1533 gyle-ker1573 underback1635 mash-back1729 charger1880 mashing back1889 1880 Act 43 & 44 Vict. c. 24 §25 Fermenting backs and wash chargers. †c. See quot. 1496. ΚΠ 1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 293 Item for ij dowbill platis of quhit irne to be gun chargeouris. Draft additions March 2021 Originally and chiefly North American. In full charger plate. A large decorative plate used to mark a place at table as part of a formal place setting, and as a base on which dining plates, etc., are set during the initial courses of a meal; = service plate n. 1b. ΚΠ 1984 Sandusky (Ohio) Sunday Reg. 22 July (Sears Suppl.) (advt.) Our set of four brass charger plates... Can be used as a decorative plate or as a charger plate for under fine china. 1994 Canad. House & Home Dec. 72/1 Dessert cutlery may be set above the charger plate but it can also be set out just before dessert. 2017 Business Wire (Nexis) 12 Oct. Delicate cloth napkins and various chargers and plates all bring the layering elements into play. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). chargern.² Etymology: < charge v. + -er suffix¹: compare French chargeur.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcharger. †1. One who loads. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > loading > one who charger1483 loader1587 1483 Cath. Angl. 59 A Chargere, onerator, sarcinator. †2. One who makes a charge, an accuser. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 18 In presence of the..chargeris, viz. bischopis, preistis, blak freris and grey. 1700 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 602 Hee desired y^e charge might be exhibited ag^t him in writing under y^e charger's hand. 3. Scots Law. One in whose favour a decree suspended is pronounced. ΚΠ 1747 Act 20 Geo. II c. 50 §13 No Superior shall be obliged to give Obedience to such Charge, unless the Charger at the same Time shall pay or tender to him such Fees or Casualties. 1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. II. iv. iii. 458 A charger, who..wants dispatch, may..apply to the Lords. 4. One who has a charge on an estate or revenue. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > [noun] > holder of charge or security charger1869 chargee1884 chargeant1887 1869 Act 32 & 33 Victoria c. 116 §5 The charger shall..pay or tender to such superior such duties or casualties as he is by law entitled to receive. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Oct. 6/2 As long as he remained a charger on the estate. 5. A horse ridden in charging the enemy; that ridden by an officer in the field or in action. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > used in war or charger courserc1300 destrierc1300 high horsec1380 courierc1400 light horse?1473 stirring horse1477 horse of service1577 warhorse1586 trooper1640 dragooner1642 charging-horse1695 troop-gelding1702 charger1762 war-steed1776 troop-horse1859 1712 P. Motteux Don Quixote IV. 1248 [The Knight of the White Moon] presently mounted his Charging-Horse, and leaving the City that very Day, posted homewards. [Some later edd. have charger].] 1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. viii. 177 That elegant charger, who excelled him as much..as his rider Timothy was outshone by his..master. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) VI. 25 The chargers saddled..were embarked in the flat palanders; and the knights stood by the side of their horses. 1801 T. Campbell Hohenlinden iii Furious every charger neighed. 1808 W. Scott Marmion v. xii. 260 They reached the hall-door, and the charger stood near. 1818 H. J. Todd Johnson's Dict. Eng. Lang. Charger, the horse of a military officer; ‘a charging horse’. 1877 Field Exercise Infantry (rev. ed.) 413 The embarkation of the Officers' chargers. 6. a. An appliance for charging. ΚΠ 1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) Chargers are either Bandaleers or Flasks that contain the Powder. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Charger, a device for dropping into the bore of a fowling-piece from a shot-belt or pouch a gaged quantity of shot. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 117 Charger (Cornw.), an implement for charging horizontal bore-holes for blasting. b. A device for loading the magazine of a rifle. Also attributive and in other combinations, as charger-loading, charger system. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber > charger carrier1833 charger1902 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 651/2 The charger, used in the Mauser system,..is placed over the top of the magazine, and all the cartridges in it pushed by one motion into the magazine. 1904 Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 7/2 The charger system of loading was also recommended. 1909 in Hansard's Parl. Deb. 5th Ser. 10 339/1 The charger-loading rifle. 1932 J. A. Barlow Elements Rifle Shooting ix. 99 I am going to fire ten rounds, in two chargers of five. Draft additions October 2011 A device for charging cells, batteries, or battery-powered equipment by passing an electric current through them. Frequently with distinguishing word.battery, trickle charger: see the first element. ΚΠ 1861 W. S. Harris in Proc. Royal Soc. 1860–62 11 252 The instruments employed..consist of the electrical or Leyden jar; Lane's improved electrometer;..and battery charger and discharger. 1898 G. B. Massey Conservative Gynecol. & Electro-therapeutics (ed. 3) xxvi. 333 The Wimshurst machine being merely used as a charger when the main battery has lost its charge. 1920 Comm. Car Jrnl. 15 Oct. 66/1 This charger..is designed to charge the battery at the rate recommended by the battery manufacturer. 1979 Boys' Life June 67/1 Nickel-cadmium batteries..can be completely recharged overnight in a special plug-in charger. 2011 Sun (Nexis) 13 Aug. 29 I forgot to pack my phone charger. Cue panic and mild palpitations as I watched each percentage point of charge ebb away. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹c1305n.²1483
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chargern.1

Draft additions March 2021

chargern.2

Draft additions October 2011

chargern.¹

chargern.²