adversativeadj.n.

Brit.

/ədˈvəːsətɪv/, U.S.

/ədˈvərsədɪv/

Forms:

α. late Middle English aduersatyf, 1500s aduersatiue, 1500s aduersatyue, 1500s– adversative, 1600s adversatiue.

β. 1700s 1900s– adversitive (irregular).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin adversativus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin adversativus (of a type of conjunction) expressing opposition (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin adversāt- , past participial stem of adversārī adverse v. + -īvus -ive suffix, after Hellenistic Greek ἐναντιωτικός. Compare Middle French aversatif, Middle French, French adversatif (1550; the use as noun is not paralleled until later: 1577), Spanish adversativo (1325), Italian avversativo (1529 as †adversativo), all earliest as a grammatical term.Compare the following early use of the post-classical Latin word (in sense A. 1) in an English context (citing Priscian):OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 263 Priscianus cwæð, þæt sume [sc. conivnctiones] sind adversativae [c1225 Worcester aduersatiua], þæt sind wiþerrædlice: quamuis, quamquam.

A. adj.

1. Grammar. Of a word or phrase: expressing opposition or antithesis.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > expressing other relations or concepts

adversativec1450

commonc1450

concessive1653

local1662

aggregate1683

ecbatic1836

sociative1845

inversive1858

comitative1860

consecutive1871

conative1875

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [adjective] > of nature of antithesis

adversativec1450

antithetic1610

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 181 By a coniunccion aduersatyf vt Vos estis mundi sed non omnes.

1533 T. More Apol. xvii, in Wks. (1557) 877/1 But being a preposicion aduersatiue.

1647 S. Ashe Gods Incomparable Goodnesse unto Israel 7 Consider it as an Adversative particle; Yet, so our olde Translation. Ainsworth renders it, yet surely.

1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. ii. 252 Of these Disjunctives, some are Simple, some Adversative..the simple do no more, than merely disjoin; the Adversative disjoin, with an Opposition concomitant.

1816 Baptist Mag. Oct. 404/2 The conjunction και..must have its adversative signification, and the words be rendered and yet have fallen away.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. x. lvi. 561 The adversative force of δὲ..does seem to imply that passing shade of hesitation.

1994 J. Harkins Bridging Two Worlds iv. 119 This section focusses on three types of linking..: additive (sometimes expressed by and, also), adversative (sometimes expressed by but, however), and temporal (sometimes expressed by then, after that).

2. Of opposing tendency or adverse nature (to someone or something). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective]

contrariousc1290

contraryinga1340

contrary1340

adversarya1382

overthwartc1384

contrairc1400

contrariantc1400

adverse1418

repugnantc1443

thwarting1530

pugnant1537

opposite1577

haggard1578

impugnant1579

kim-kam1582

antagonist1591

adversative1595

counter1596

opposing1597

antipathetical1601

thwart1601

aversed1609

aversive1609

adversarious1622

averse1623

antipathousa1625

inimicitious1641

opponent1641

negative1642

gainstanding1674

antithetic1753

opposed1784

oppositional1829

transversive1855

oppositionary1905

1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine i. iii. sig. B4 The foure elements, the seuen planets and all the particuler starres of the pole Antastick, are aduersatiue against me.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. viii. 227 Pistolochia, which hearbe is so adversative unto serpents, that..it will chase away all kind of serpents out of the house.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1143 The other is adversative, and maketh us to hate that which is foule and bad.

1860 Dublin Univ. Mag. 55 529 His handsome countenance..was marked by a peculiar suavity of expression which betokened the absence of every thing adversative to the kinder..virtues.

1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians North of Mexico II. 817 The Condolence Council, whose functions are..adversative to the destructive activity of death.

3. = adversarial adj. (in either sense).Late 20th and early 21st cent. usage is chiefly with reference to a method of instruction used at the Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia) whereby students are subjected to high levels of psychological and physical stress.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [adjective] > characterized by

unpeaceablec1384

contentiousc1430

battlefulc1449

sturtful1568

bateful1582

wrestlinga1593

militant1603

concertative1727

adversarial1839

adversative1849

conflictual1961

fuck you1962

confrontational1975

1849 R. Michell Nature & Compar. Value Christian Evid. iv. 155 The Koran..betrays its own policy throughout in the adversative position which it takes up towards them [sc. the particulars of Christianity].

1914 R. W. Millar in tr. R. Garofalo Criminology iv. 415 The procedure is not to be adversative. The trial will represent not a contest between two sides but an inquiry conducted by the court.

1978 Times 13 Apr. 2 He seems to have been horrified by the adversative relationships he saw there between executive and congressional committees.

1987 Law Soc. Jrnl. (New South Wales) 25 56/3 The proceedings are adversative in style with the Commissioner's case being led first and then followed by that of the defence.

1991 U.S.A. v. Commonw. of Virginia in Federal Suppl. (U.S.) (Lexis) 766 38 The rat line is an extreme form of the adversative model... It is comparable to Marine Corps boot camp in terms of both the physical rigor and mental stress of the experience.

2003 F. F. Schauer Profiles, Probabilities, & Stereotypes v. 135 The adversative approach to education..involved, to an even greater extent than is found at the other military academies, liberal doses of tormenting, screaming, berating, and belittling.

B. n.

Grammar. An adversative word, phrase, or proposition; one which expresses opposition.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation

adversativea1504

concessive1651

honorific1778

reverential1845

pejorative1882

deliberative1887

reciprocal1961

evidentiality1980

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > antithesis > instance of

adversativea1504

enthymeme1550

antithesism1816

a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) i. sig. C.vii^v Of coniunctions. Some be..Aduersatyues.

1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 63 Euery indifferente reader vnderstandeth thys aduersatyue vppon oure syde, that wee saye Christe is not receauved in the mouthe, but in the heart.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 24^v Q. How many kindes [of conjunctions] haue you of them? A. Twelve: Copulatiues, Disjunctiues..Adversatiues, [etc.].

1676 tr. B. Lamy Art of Speaking i. ii. v. sig. C7 Those which divide, are called Negatives, or Adversatives, as Not, But.

1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) 134 Which, being rendered as an adversative, sets the opposition in a stronger light.

1807 R. Kirwan Logick I. iv. 98 (heading) Sixth, Discretives or Adversatives.

1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel I. v. 308 We may say that Hegel lies in a consideration of the absolute adversatives—negation, position, &c.

1922 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 100/3 His [sc. Ambrose Bierce's] adversatives are surprising and devastating.

2006 Hispanic Rev. 74 451 Sentences loiter over pages, predicates dawdle, adversatives impel the reader back and then forward again.

Derivatives

adˈversativeness n.

ΚΠ

1861 W. Webster & W. F. Wilkinson Greek Test. II. 149/2 A less forcible adversativeness.

1974 J. McCulloch Under Bow Bells 71 Suppose there were to emerge between the sexes, a sudden recognition that this adversativeness was all wrong.

1992 H. Sulkala & M. Karjalainen Finnish i. 104 The complex conjunctions ei ainoastaan —— vaan myös ‘not only but also’ and kun taas ‘whereas’ can also be markers of adversativeness.

2002 S. E. Gustafson Men desiring Men Notes. 241 The connection between male bonding and military ‘adversativeness’ in Shakespeare's plays.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adversative
释义	adversativeadj.n. Brit. /ədˈvəːsətɪv/, U.S. /ədˈvərsədɪv/ Forms: α. late Middle English aduersatyf, 1500s aduersatiue, 1500s aduersatyue, 1500s– adversative, 1600s adversatiue. β. 1700s 1900s– adversitive (irregular). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin adversativus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin adversativus (of a type of conjunction) expressing opposition (5th or 6th cent. in Priscian) < classical Latin adversāt- , past participial stem of adversārī adverse v. + -īvus -ive suffix, after Hellenistic Greek ἐναντιωτικός. Compare Middle French aversatif, Middle French, French adversatif (1550; the use as noun is not paralleled until later: 1577), Spanish adversativo (1325), Italian avversativo (1529 as †adversativo), all earliest as a grammatical term.Compare the following early use of the post-classical Latin word (in sense A. 1) in an English context (citing Priscian):OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 263 Priscianus cwæð, þæt sume [sc. conivnctiones] sind adversativae [c1225 Worcester aduersatiua], þæt sind wiþerrædlice: quamuis, quamquam. A. adj. 1. Grammar. Of a word or phrase: expressing opposition or antithesis. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [adjective] > expressing other relations or concepts adversativec1450 commonc1450 concessive1653 local1662 aggregate1683 ecbatic1836 sociative1845 inversive1858 comitative1860 consecutive1871 conative1875 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [adjective] > of nature of antithesis adversativec1450 antithetic1610 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 181 By a coniunccion aduersatyf vt Vos estis mundi sed non omnes. 1533 T. More Apol. xvii, in Wks. (1557) 877/1 But being a preposicion aduersatiue. 1647 S. Ashe Gods Incomparable Goodnesse unto Israel 7 Consider it as an Adversative particle; Yet, so our olde Translation. Ainsworth renders it, yet surely. 1751 J. Harris Hermes ii. ii. 252 Of these Disjunctives, some are Simple, some Adversative..the simple do no more, than merely disjoin; the Adversative disjoin, with an Opposition concomitant. 1816 Baptist Mag. Oct. 404/2 The conjunction και..must have its adversative signification, and the words be rendered and yet have fallen away. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. x. lvi. 561 The adversative force of δὲ..does seem to imply that passing shade of hesitation. 1994 J. Harkins Bridging Two Worlds iv. 119 This section focusses on three types of linking..: additive (sometimes expressed by and, also), adversative (sometimes expressed by but, however), and temporal (sometimes expressed by then, after that). 2. Of opposing tendency or adverse nature (to someone or something). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] contrariousc1290 contraryinga1340 contrary1340 adversarya1382 overthwartc1384 contrairc1400 contrariantc1400 adverse1418 repugnantc1443 thwarting1530 pugnant1537 opposite1577 haggard1578 impugnant1579 kim-kam1582 antagonist1591 adversative1595 counter1596 opposing1597 antipathetical1601 thwart1601 aversed1609 aversive1609 adversarious1622 averse1623 antipathousa1625 inimicitious1641 opponent1641 negative1642 gainstanding1674 antithetic1753 opposed1784 oppositional1829 transversive1855 oppositionary1905 1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine i. iii. sig. B4 The foure elements, the seuen planets and all the particuler starres of the pole Antastick, are aduersatiue against me. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. viii. 227 Pistolochia, which hearbe is so adversative unto serpents, that..it will chase away all kind of serpents out of the house. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1143 The other is adversative, and maketh us to hate that which is foule and bad. 1860 Dublin Univ. Mag. 55 529 His handsome countenance..was marked by a peculiar suavity of expression which betokened the absence of every thing adversative to the kinder..virtues. 1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians North of Mexico II. 817 The Condolence Council, whose functions are..adversative to the destructive activity of death. 3. = adversarial adj. (in either sense).Late 20th and early 21st cent. usage is chiefly with reference to a method of instruction used at the Virginia Military Institute (Lexington, Virginia) whereby students are subjected to high levels of psychological and physical stress. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [adjective] > characterized by unpeaceablec1384 contentiousc1430 battlefulc1449 sturtful1568 bateful1582 wrestlinga1593 militant1603 concertative1727 adversarial1839 adversative1849 conflictual1961 fuck you1962 confrontational1975 1849 R. Michell Nature & Compar. Value Christian Evid. iv. 155 The Koran..betrays its own policy throughout in the adversative position which it takes up towards them [sc. the particulars of Christianity]. 1914 R. W. Millar in tr. R. Garofalo Criminology iv. 415 The procedure is not to be adversative. The trial will represent not a contest between two sides but an inquiry conducted by the court. 1978 Times 13 Apr. 2 He seems to have been horrified by the adversative relationships he saw there between executive and congressional committees. 1987 Law Soc. Jrnl. (New South Wales) 25 56/3 The proceedings are adversative in style with the Commissioner's case being led first and then followed by that of the defence. 1991 U.S.A. v. Commonw. of Virginia in Federal Suppl. (U.S.) (Lexis) 766 38 The rat line is an extreme form of the adversative model... It is comparable to Marine Corps boot camp in terms of both the physical rigor and mental stress of the experience. 2003 F. F. Schauer Profiles, Probabilities, & Stereotypes v. 135 The adversative approach to education..involved, to an even greater extent than is found at the other military academies, liberal doses of tormenting, screaming, berating, and belittling. B. n. Grammar. An adversative word, phrase, or proposition; one which expresses opposition. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation adversativea1504 concessive1651 honorific1778 reverential1845 pejorative1882 deliberative1887 reciprocal1961 evidentiality1980 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > antithesis > instance of adversativea1504 enthymeme1550 antithesism1816 a1504 J. Holt Lac Puerorum (1508) i. sig. C.vii^v Of coniunctions. Some be..Aduersatyues. 1551 T. Cranmer Answer S. Gardiner 63 Euery indifferente reader vnderstandeth thys aduersatyue vppon oure syde, that wee saye Christe is not receauved in the mouthe, but in the heart. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 24^v Q. How many kindes [of conjunctions] haue you of them? A. Twelve: Copulatiues, Disjunctiues..Adversatiues, [etc.]. 1676 tr. B. Lamy Art of Speaking i. ii. v. sig. C7 Those which divide, are called Negatives, or Adversatives, as Not, But. 1778 R. Lowth Isaiah (ed. 12) 134 Which, being rendered as an adversative, sets the opposition in a stronger light. 1807 R. Kirwan Logick I. iv. 98 (heading) Sixth, Discretives or Adversatives. 1865 J. H. Stirling Secret of Hegel I. v. 308 We may say that Hegel lies in a consideration of the absolute adversatives—negation, position, &c. 1922 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 100/3 His [sc. Ambrose Bierce's] adversatives are surprising and devastating. 2006 Hispanic Rev. 74 451 Sentences loiter over pages, predicates dawdle, adversatives impel the reader back and then forward again. Derivatives adˈversativeness n. ΚΠ 1861 W. Webster & W. F. Wilkinson Greek Test. II. 149/2 A less forcible adversativeness. 1974 J. McCulloch Under Bow Bells 71 Suppose there were to emerge between the sexes, a sudden recognition that this adversativeness was all wrong. 1992 H. Sulkala & M. Karjalainen Finnish i. 104 The complex conjunctions ei ainoastaan —— vaan myös ‘not only but also’ and kun taas ‘whereas’ can also be markers of adversativeness. 2002 S. E. Gustafson Men desiring Men Notes. 241 The connection between male bonding and military ‘adversativeness’ in Shakespeare's plays. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1450
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