| 释义 |
afflictionn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French affliction; Latin affliction-, afflictio. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman afflicciun, afflicion, afflicioun, afliciun, afflictioun, afflictiun, aflictiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French affliccion, affliction (French affliction ) penitential exercise, self-mortification, an instance of this (10th cent. in Old French; chiefly in plural), misery, distress, tribulation, an instance of this (12th cent.), illness (13th cent. or earlier); and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin affliction-, afflictio oppression (Vulgate), grief, distress, torment (4th cent.), action of inflicting pain, mortification (5th cent.) < classical Latin afflīct- , past participial stem of afflīgere afflict v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Old Occitan aflictio (13th or 14th cent.), Catalan aflicció (14th cent.), Spanish aflición (c1200), Portuguese aflição (14th cent.), Italian afflizione (second half of the 12th cent. as †afflittione).With the β. forms compare the variants with medial -x- of e.g. connection n., inflection n., reflection n., and also flexion n. Compare also Middle French (rare) afflixion (c1350). the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > cause of > action of causing the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun] > action of causing society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun] c1330 (Auch.) (1914) l. 989 (MED) Þai layen alle in affliccioun [c1350 Cleo. afflexions], Þe cardinals euerichon. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 309 Yn þyn afflyccyouns, Yn fastyng and yn orysouns. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) lxxxxiiii. 126 The sayd hooly prophete..made his prayers and his afflyctions solytaryly and secretely. a1535 T. More (1553) ii. vii. sig. G.iiiv Let him put vpon his bodye, and purge the spyrite by the affliccion of the fleshe. 1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden ii. 9 Affliction for Religion, groweth every day heauier and heauier. 1661 T. Wilson 214 The affliction of the body, or abstinence from food, proceeding from a broken and contrite heart, grieving at sins committed against God. a1773 A. Butler (1774) v. v. 280 The soul..more ardently entreats God to look on her miseries, with a sense of which she is most feelingly penetrated by the voluntary affliction of the flesh. 1836 J. H. Newman in II. lxvi. 12 We devoutly preface those solemnities with the due observance of fasts, and with affliction of the flesh. 1881 3 380 Fasting..came gradually..to be a deliberate affliction of self, and to be viewed as a meritorious sacrifice. 1914 W. Lowrie tr. A. Schweitzer 243 Jesus..had performed the Atonement of Affliction for the inheritors of the Kingdom. 2008 S. McKnight vii. 105 The genuine fast then becomes body poverty—affliction of self for the good of others and the good of one's own moral life. the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > [noun] > anguish or torment a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras ix. 5 I ros fro myn affliccioun [L. afflictione]. a1425 (a1382) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Gen. xxxi. 42 Myn affliccioun [L. afflictionem; a1425 L.V. turmentyng] and the traueil of myn hondis the Lord bihelde. 1485 W. Caxton tr. (1957) 45 I endure grete heuynes, sorowe and afflyctyon. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. MMiiv Turment nat thy selfe (my herte) with affliction and frettyng, for yt thynge that thou can nat haue. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1239 in (1931) I Tyll augment his afflictioun. 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 299 The Queene your mother in most great affliction of spirit, hath sent me to you. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton 113 Enemies who come to stare At my affliction . View more context for this quotation 1708 tr. Tertullian Apol. in 249 God suffers us to be thus tried in the Furnace of Affliction that our Purity may shine the brighter. 1781 T. Jefferson Let. 31 Mar. in (1952) V. 303 The affliction of the people for want of arms is great. 1816 S. W. Singer 10 During the affliction of a famine. 1866 A. Trollope II. xi. 279 Was it not a brother's part to go to a sister in affliction? 1906 B. von Hutten iii. xv. 328 One of the pathetically absurd flashes of piety that come to the religionless in times of affliction. 1959 R. S. Wallace v. ii. 261 In affliction faith finds tokens both of God's wrath and of His fatherly love. 2010 W. Robert iv. 65 To constitute the trial of affliction without consolation.., this darkness must lack light as well as any hope of light. 3. the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > circumstance or occurrence the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun] c1429 (1986) l. 1718 Thus shuld we..wepe for compassioune When we oure neghtburs se haf any afflictioune. c1450 (c1440) S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan (Longleat) (1904) 27 Charyte is..to be pacient in aduersite,..ioyeus in afflicciones. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 28 (MED) To be soget to þe necessites of kynde is very misery, and an affliccion to a deuoute man. ?1534 L. Cox tr. Erasmus ii. f. 30 Vexed with many afflictions and ignomies. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. v. 167 To repay that money will be a biting affliction . View more context for this quotation 1652 J. Burroughes (ed. 2) vii. 130 Afflictions are as lead to the net, the promise is as the corke. 1701 J. Pulleyn 18 What have we comparable to the Afflictions, which many others groan under? 1787 (new ed.) I. ix. 342 Reductive justice is that whereby God is just in these afflictions he sometimes brings on his elect. 1814 J. Austen I. xvi. 318 So harmonized by distance, that every former affliction had its charm. View more context for this quotation 1883 Feb. 541/2 Hardships and afflictions had come to be the salt of their bread. 1970 Sept. 834/1 Men grow cynical about institutions because they fail to ameliorate those afflictions with which men live most intimately. 2007 June 110/3 Counties suffering from the dual affliction of the Great Depression and a sagging market for tobacco. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] ?1555 T. Paynell tr. J. L. Vives sig. Bb.vjv Her syckenes and afflictions shall declare howe well thou dydst loue her when she was in healthe. 1649 N. Culpeper 154 They help afflictions of the heart, stomach, brain and liver. 1785 G. Foster tr. A. Sparrman I. ii. 67 I did not chuse to say any thing more, than that the gout was a terrible affliction. 1811 S. T. Coleridge (1971) VI. 1027 Great cures in rheumatic afflictions of uncertain..kind. 1872 M. S. De Vere 399 One of the thousand pretended remedies for that dread affliction, the cancer. 1921 T. S. Eliot 6 Nov. (1988) I. 486 An aboulie and emotional derangement which has been a lifelong affliction. 1955 13 Aug. 104/3 Phantom limb pains, a troublesome affliction in amputation cases. 2010 17 Oct. (New Review section) 22/4 The trick is to select those who have an affliction that is genuinely new—for many who contact the programme are only one step away from hypochondria. 1606 J. Fage sig. E3 If you finde by the afliction of the Moone at the time the partie fell sicke, that he shall dye. 1723 R. Ball (ed. 2) 113 The Stories or Report, will tend to the Querent's good, especially if the Lord of the Ascendant and second be in good Houses and free from Affliction. 1828 ‘Raphael’ 95 Saturn or Mars in this house never fail to give accidents or illness..while Jupiter or Venus therein, free from affliction, are perpetual tokens of good fortune, eminent success, and lasting credit. 1894 3 333 The affliction of the Sun at birth by Mars seems to foreshadow this. 1984 D. Parker & J. Parker 91/1 Mercury under affliction in this, its own Sign, can cause over-fussiness, pedantry, loss of the general pattern, and old-womanish tendencies in men. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1330 |
