chaffern.¹

Brit.

/ˈtʃafə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæfər/

Forms: Middle English chaffere, Middle English cheapfare, chapfare, chapvare, Middle English cheffare, Middle English–1500s ( chaffere, chafare, chaffar, chefare), Middle English–1600s chaffareMiddle English– chaffer. (Also Middle English chafar, chafir, chafyr, chafayre, chaffour, chaffur, chafre, caffer, Middle English–1500s chaffre, Middle English–1600s chafer, 1500s chaffayre, 1600s chaffaire.)

Etymology: In the Ayenbite (1340) cheapfare , chapfare < Old English type *céapfaru , < céap bargain, sale + faru faring, going; not recorded, but the cognate Old Norse kaupfǫr is extant in sense ‘trading journey’. Assimilation of pf to ff gave the general Middle English types cheffare , chaffare ; with the a in the latter, compare Old English céapmǫnn , Middle English chepmon and chapman , now chapman n. Apparently the original noun became obsolete in the 17th cent., but has been formed anew from the verb, in sense 1b.

†1.

a. Traffic, trade; buying and selling, dealing. Obsolete except as in 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun]

mongingOE

cheapinga1000

cheapOE

chaffer?c1225

merchandisea1300

market-making1340

merchandyc1350

corseriec1380

chafferinga1382

need-doinga1382

changea1387

chapmanhoodc1386

cossery?a1400

bargaining1401

merchandisinga1425

merchandrya1450

intercourse1473

business1478

chapmanry1483

the feat of merchandisec1503

market1525

trade1549

marting1553

contractation1555

trading1556

merchantryc1560

marketing1561

mart1562

trafficking1570

contraction1582

tract1582

nundination1586

commerce1587

chafferya1599

negotiation1601

intertraffica1603

traffic1603

commercery1604

intertrading1606

correspondence1607

mercature1611

correspondency1613

coss?1635

negotiating1640

dealing1691

chapmanship1727

merchanting1883

intertrade1915

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Da [Scribe B Na] cheffere ne driue ȝe.

c1230 Hali Meid. 9 Weilawei!..hwuch unwurðe chaffere.

c1320 Sir Beues 2062 God ȝeue it..We hadde driue þat chefare.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 36 Þe vifte manere [sc. of gauelinge] is ine cheapfare.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 45 Þe eȝtende boȝ of auarice is chapfare..Ine uele oþre maneres me may zeneȝi ine chapfares.

138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 50 Sum [wenten] after chaffare of þis worldely richesse.

c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1299 Hast thow by~gylet in chafare?

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. Fiv^v Money, wherewith to maynteyne their dayly occupieng and chaffayre.

1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Chaffare, buying and selling.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wilts. 150 By sad chaffer, they were fain to give money for water.

b. In modern use, chiefly from the verb: Chaffering, bargaining, haggling as to price.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > bargaining > [noun]

koffry1488

hucking1551

coping1595

haggling1632

hucksterage1641

huckstering1647

huckstery1662

bargaining1669

higgling1700

chaffering1794

badgering1800

dickering1802

tig-tagging1825

haggle1829

chaffer1851

bargain-driving1902

wheeling and dealing1969

1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend vi. 263 What do I care for the Doctor Seraphic, With all his wordy chaffer and traffic?

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 589 The dark-eyed merchants of the southern seas In chaffer with the base Propœtides.

1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. xvi. 431 I was unable to purchase anything more than a few ground-nuts, because it involved such serious controversy and chaffer as sickened the hungry stomach.

†2.

a. That which is bought and sold; wares, merchandise, goods for barter or sale. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun]

warec1000

cheapingc1200

chaffer1297

gooda1300

merchandisec1300

harnessc1386

pennyworths1403

haberdashery1419

merchandya1425

mercimonyc1460

merchantyc1485

merchandrise?1495

haberdasha1529

traffic1533

chaffery1535

trade1645

Manchester goods1705

stuff1708

sundries1740

business model1832

Manchester1920

tradables1921

durable1930

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 539 To late in tueie wolmongers, hor chaffare in to lede.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1951 Fro galaad men wið chafare Sag he ðor kumen wid spices ware.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 174 Þer weore chapmen I-chose þe chaffare to preise.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) 285 X. asses chargede with dyuerse chaffare.

1441 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) Introd. 54 None of the Kings said tenants might, ne durst come att the towne of Ripon..to utter their caffer, wherewith to pay his farme.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii^v As a marchaunt sheweth his marchaundise or chaffer.

1613 S. Rowlands More Knaues Yet sig. C2^v His good daies are when 's Chaffer is well sold.

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. iv. 45 Gold, Silver,..Chains, Rings, with other Ware, and Chaffer of that nature.

†b. good chaffer: a good commodity in the market. Obsolete.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 191 Merci is guod chapuare, uor hi deþ wexe þe timliche guodes.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 271/2 The old Proverbe (Gold is good chaffer howsoever it come).

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 134 Another Island..wherein pearles are good chaffer, and yeeld gainfull trafficke.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 377 Those cuttings are good chaffer, and sold very well to the merchant.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 186 They be very good chaffer, and right welcome merchandise.

†3. figurative cf. ware n.³ 4a, stuff n.¹

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 100 As thouȝ Cristis seid lawe were so feble chaffare.

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Bvij He will note..ornaments superfluouse From better chaffer scum.

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse Ep. Ded. 3 Whoe have inriched whole reames of paper with the Indian mine, and golden chaffaire of their invention.

Compounds

chaffer-whale n. ‘the round-lipped whale’ (Jamieson).

1809 A. Edmondston View Zetland Islands II. 300 (Jam.) Delphinus Orca (Linn.), Chaffer-whale, Grampus.

1821 W. Scott Pirate I. x. 242 He is like the greedy chaffer-whale, that will change his course and dive for the most petty coin which a fisher can cast at him. [Merely taken from Edmonston, l.c.]

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

chaffern.²

Brit.

/ˈtʃafə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæfər/, Scottish English /ˈtʃafər/

Origin: Of unknown origin.

Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare chaff , variant of chaft n.The alleged behaviour of throwing coins towards this whale described in quot. 1809 probably arises from folk-etymological association of the name with chaffer n.¹

Scottish (Shetland). Now rare.

A kind of whale found in the North Atlantic (identified variously as an orca or a type of baleen whale, perhaps the bowhead). Also chaffer-whale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of

huddon?c1370

whirlpoolc1450

thirlepollc1460

physeter1581

whirl-about1605

whirl-whale1606

thurlhead1610

black whale1615

blackfish1688

bonefish1752

pollack1774

Algerine1849

sea-boar1859

oil-butt1937

a1777 G. Low Tour Orkney & Schetland (1879) 86 In my return to Selivoe, saw one of the Whales called here Chaffers.

1809 A. Edmondston View Zetland Islands II. 300 Delphinus Orca,..Chaffer-whale, Grampus.—This animal is met with at all seasons, is said to be mischievous, and frequently to follow boats. When this whale follows a boat and alarms the crew, the fishermen have a practice of throwing a coin of any kind towards it, and they allege that the whale disappears in search of the coin.

1822 S. Hibbert Descr. Shetland Islands 421 Large porpoises roll among the waters; and sometimes appear the Delphinus orca, or Chaffer, anciently the dread of boatmen.

1905 A. R. Forbes Gaelic Names Beasts 226 The round-lipped whale is called grampus, also chaffer.

2009 K. Gillham & J. Baxter Whales, Dolphins, & Porpoises (Sc. Nat. Heritage) 47/1 Chaffer, from Orkney and Shetland, ‘round-lipped whale’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

chaffern.³

Brit.

/ˈtʃɑːfə/,

/ˈtʃafə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæfər/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: chaff v.², -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < chaff v.² + -er suffix¹.

colloquial (not in North American use).

†1. The mouth or throat, esp. in to moisten (or cool) one's chaffer: to have a drink. Also: the tongue. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1821 P. Egan Life in London ii. iii. 228 If you'll keep your chaffers close, and put your listeners forward, you shall hear all about it.

1822 Eng. Chron. 18 July The Tamworth men now let loose their ‘chaffers’, vociferating ten to one.

1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 xxxv. 415 Jem awoke me with an intimation that he would like to ‘moisten his chaffer’.

2. A person who engages in banter or good-humoured teasing. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] > one who banters

railleur1655

raillier1663

banterer1678

rallier1678

badineur1734

quiz1797

quizzer1797

queerera1800

smoker1812

persifleur1829

chaffer1851

tease1853

leg-puller1887

josher1899

ragger1903

kibitzer1925

1823 W. Maginn Idyl on Battle in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 71 Where are the chaffers now, who swore that Spring was no hitter?

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 327/2 She was considered to be the best ‘chaffer’ on the road; not one of them could stand against her tongue.

1962 Sunday Tel. 11 Feb. 10/4 Can Gilbert and Sullivan, the most innocent and romantic of chaffers, survive among these poison pens?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

chafferv.

Brit.

/ˈtʃafə/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæfər/

Forms: see chaffer n.¹; also Middle English chapfari.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: chaffer n.¹

Etymology: < chaffer n.¹

†a. intransitive. To buy and sell goods for profit; to deal or trade in merchandise; to engage in commerce. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (intransitive)]

cheapc1000

chaffer1340

to make (a) market1340

merchandisec1384

merchantc1400

occupy1525

traffic1537

trade1557

to make a (also one's) mart1562

commerce1587

converse1598

negotiate1601

mart1602

intertraffic1603

nundinate1623

deala1627

market1636

correspond1682

to make (out) one's market1714

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 162 Þe borgeys wylneþ to chapfari an to wynne.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke xix. 13 Chaffare ȝe, til Y come.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 389 He wente, ande Chaffared faste, and wanne mekille.

c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 1208 It [sc. Byzaunce] was chosen for cheefe to cheffaren in.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 94 With whom they chaffer and traffick only for a certaine precious stone..which we call a Carbuncle.

1640 H. Grimston in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 122 This great Arch-bishop of Canterbury..hath most unworthily trucked and chaffered in the meanest of them.

†b. transitive. To buy and sell for profit, deal in, exchange, or barter (goods, merchandise, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)]

monga1250

corsec1440

coss14..

merchant1511

chafferc1535

merchandise1538

mart1589

trade1589

broke1598

factor1611

handle1638

commercea1641

chop1645

chaffera1657

job1701

truck1715

to turn in1822

monger1928

society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)]

interchangec1374

changea1382

barterc1440

corsec1440

rore1440

truckc1440

coss14..

scorse1509

chafferc1535

to chop and change1549

chop1554

cope1570

excourse1593

swap1594

coupc1610

exchange1614

to trade off1676

rap1699

dicker1864

horse-trade1924

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 105 Wolde ȝe lettred..nouȝt..vnderfonge Tythes of vntrewe þinge ytilied or chaffared [c1450 Rawl. I-chafared], Lothe were lewed men but þei ȝowre lore folwed.

c1535 Ploughman's Tale i. sig. A.iii^v [That] With pride ponysshed the poore..With money fylleth many a male And chaffren churches whan they fall.

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1159 He chaffred Chayres in which Churchmen were set.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. v. 127 Horsemen as well as horses were chaffered in their markets.

1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 182 Great Dignities and Preferments, which she chaffered for the maintaining..her own interest.

c. intransitive. To bargain; to haggle about terms or price.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)]

bargain1525

hucka1529

hucker1548

dodge1568

blockc1570

pelt1579

hack1587

haggle1589

to beat the bargain1591

to beat the market1591

huckster1593

niffera1598

badger1600

scotch1601

palter1611

cheapen1620

higgle1633

tig-tag1643

huckle1644

chaffer1693

chaffer1725

dicker1797

niffer1815

Jew1825

hacker1833

banter1835

higgle-haggle1841

hondle1921

wheel and deal1961

1672 O. Walker Of Educ. ii. 235 Many are not able to beat or chaffer, tho they know the prices; and many ignorant of the prices, yet bargain cunningly.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 94 They were longer than ordinary making their Market: While they were thus Chaffering on Board.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. ix. 30 I hate chaffering and higgling for a few guineas in a dark entry.

1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village III. 231 They were chaffering about the price.

1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) vi, in Writings I. 54 Titled gentlemen, coming about me and chaffering with me for that little jewel.

1871 Athenæum 30 Sept. 423 The merchants go in, not to dally and chaffer, but to buy.

1993 Financial Times 21 July (Arts section) 15/6 Whether chaffering over slave prices in the first scene or persuading the heroine to administer a Mickey Finn in a ludicrous bunch of flowers to the infinitely boring hero, Zaklinsky is a joy.

2. In extended use.

†a. intransitive To engage in any activity for gain; to derive profit, get the advantage of. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: 2 Peter (Selwyn) (1904) ii. 3 (MED) Þei schuleþ chaffaren of ȝow wiþ feyned wordis in here couetyse.

c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 303 (MED) In coueytise wiþ feyned wordis þei shal chaffare of ȝou.

b. intransitive. To discuss terms or conditions, negotiate, debate; to argue or haggle for something desirable. Later in weakened sense (perhaps influenced by chatter): to talk idly, exchange small talk, sometimes (esp. English regional) in a provocative manner. Also with with, at, or †to (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)]

bargain1525

hucka1529

hucker1548

dodge1568

blockc1570

pelt1579

hack1587

haggle1589

to beat the bargain1591

to beat the market1591

huckster1593

niffera1598

badger1600

scotch1601

palter1611

cheapen1620

higgle1633

tig-tag1643

huckle1644

chaffer1693

chaffer1725

dicker1797

niffer1815

Jew1825

hacker1833

banter1835

higgle-haggle1841

hondle1921

wheel and deal1961

the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate

driveOE

treat1297

chaffer1377

broke1496

hucka1529

capitulate1537

hack1587

haggle1589

huckster1593

negotiate1598

to stand out1606

palter1611

to drive a hard bargaina1628

priga1628

scotch1627

prig1632

higgle1633

to dodge it1652

to beat a (the) bargain1664

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 160 Charite..ne chaffareth nouȝte, ne chalengeth, ne craueth.

a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 414 (MED) God..wole not þat men chaffere but in þingis whoos valu þei knowen; but lore & preyour of prestis may not be taxid bi mannus wit [etc.].

1604 D. Digges in T. Digges & D. Digges Foure Paradoxes iv. 110 They but chaffer for peace, rather than by temporizing giue them time to turne tables.

a1617 S. Hieron Wks. (1620) I. 60 The best course..is..not so much as to vse any speeches of chafering with him [sc. the atheist].

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II clxiii, in Poems (1878) III. 177 But Hee, who knew the valew of his blood, Chaffers to his Ambition.

1700 J. Dryden Char. Good Parson in Fables 534 To chaffer for Preferment with his Gold, Where Bishopricks, and sine Cures are sold.

1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 277 Thinkest thou to chaffer with Him, who formed the earth, and spread out the heavens..?

1834 Providence (Rhode Island) Patriot & Columbian Phœnix 22 Mar. Our Jacob had the dumps one day, And to the ale-house took his way, In hopes to find his friend, Jock Pease, And drink and chaffer at his ease.

1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. ii. 59 That each Province should chaffer as little as possible about details.

1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Chaff, to chafe or chaffer, to quarrel. ‘They chaff'd at teean t'other varry sairly.’

1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) He duzn't saay 'oht that's much wrong, bud he's alus chafferin' at me.

1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Feb. 227/3 Victor..is visiting with his rich friends Gemma and Hamish to chaffer for their furniture.

2015 Western Mail (Nexis) 2 Nov. 23 If our government did not have to chaffer with the London one, maybe the Swansea line and the Valleys lines would have been modernised by now.

c. transitive. To exchange (words, etc.) idly; to dispose of (time, possessions, etc.) carelessly. Also with away, down, †forth (obsolete). Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

truck?c1225

interchangec1374

permutec1400

wrixlec1400

turnc1449

wissel1487

chaffer1530

niffer1540

bandy1589

to chaffer words1590

swap1590

barter1596

counterchange1598

commute1633

trade1636

countercambiate1656

ring1786

rebarter1845

trade1864

swop1890

permutate1898

interconvert1953

society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)] > dispose of by barter

exchange1483

chaffer1530

to chop away1554

swap1590

truck1686

to barter away1690

1530 H. Latimer Let. 1 Dec. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1347/2 Not to hide..the talent geuen me of God, but to chaffer it fourth to other.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q4^v He neuer staid to greete, Ne chaffar words, prowd corage to prouoke.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvi. xliii. 289 Sworne foes sometime will talke, and chaffer words.

1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xiii. 89 Merchants..that chaffer Heauen and happinesse, for the reward of iniquity.

1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) ii. 77 Wicked men..chaffer and grant away their time, and strength.

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila i. xxix. 5 Go, chaffer Blisse for Pleasure.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xxi. 87 ‘Reserve thy boon, my liege,’ she said, ‘Thus chaffered down and limited.’

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xi. 216 They saw with indignation, that Dunkirk..had been chaffered away by Charles.

1936 Economist 22 Aug. 342/1 Since ideals are not to be chaffered in the market place, a system such as we have been describing needs to be financed by a compulsory licence duty levied on listeners.

1969 Daily Tel. 13 Mar. 18/3 The merchants chaffer away the morning.

†3. transitive. Perhaps: to mingle or exchange (something) with another. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1721 W. Gibson True Method dieting Horses i. 5 Horses..which have too much White on any Part of their Body, which is not mixed or chaffered with Hairs of the Horse's Colour.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022; most recently modified version published online December 2022).

> see also

also refers to : chaferchaffern.¹

n.¹?c1225

n.²a1777

n.³1821

v.1340

单词	chaffer
释义	chaffern.¹ Brit. /ˈtʃafə/, U.S. /ˈtʃæfər/ Forms: Middle English chaffere, Middle English cheapfare, chapfare, chapvare, Middle English cheffare, Middle English–1500s ( chaffere, chafare, chaffar, chefare), Middle English–1600s chaffareMiddle English– chaffer. (Also Middle English chafar, chafir, chafyr, chafayre, chaffour, chaffur, chafre, caffer, Middle English–1500s chaffre, Middle English–1600s chafer, 1500s chaffayre, 1600s chaffaire.) Etymology: In the Ayenbite (1340) cheapfare , chapfare < Old English type céapfaru , < céap* bargain, sale + faru faring, going; not recorded, but the cognate Old Norse kaupfǫr is extant in sense ‘trading journey’. Assimilation of pf to ff gave the general Middle English types cheffare , chaffare ; with the a in the latter, compare Old English céapmǫnn , Middle English chepmon and chapman , now chapman n. Apparently the original noun became obsolete in the 17th cent., but has been formed anew from the verb, in sense 1b. †1. a. Traffic, trade; buying and selling, dealing. Obsolete except as in 1b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] mongingOE cheapinga1000 cheapOE chaffer?c1225 merchandisea1300 market-making1340 merchandyc1350 corseriec1380 chafferinga1382 need-doinga1382 changea1387 chapmanhoodc1386 cossery?a1400 bargaining1401 merchandisinga1425 merchandrya1450 intercourse1473 business1478 chapmanry1483 the feat of merchandisec1503 market1525 trade1549 marting1553 contractation1555 trading1556 merchantryc1560 marketing1561 mart1562 trafficking1570 contraction1582 tract1582 nundination1586 commerce1587 chafferya1599 negotiation1601 intertraffica1603 traffic1603 commercery1604 intertrading1606 correspondence1607 mercature1611 correspondency1613 coss?1635 negotiating1640 dealing1691 chapmanship1727 merchanting1883 intertrade1915 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Da [Scribe B Na] cheffere ne driue ȝe. c1230 Hali Meid. 9 Weilawei!..hwuch unwurðe chaffere. c1320 Sir Beues 2062 God ȝeue it..We hadde driue þat chefare. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 36 Þe vifte manere [sc. of gauelinge] is ine cheapfare. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 45 Þe eȝtende boȝ of auarice is chapfare..Ine uele oþre maneres me may zeneȝi ine chapfares. 138. J. Wyclif Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 50 Sum [wenten] after chaffare of þis worldely richesse. c1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1299 Hast thow by~gylet in chafare? 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. Fiv^v Money, wherewith to maynteyne their dayly occupieng and chaffayre. 1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Chaffare, buying and selling. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wilts. 150 By sad chaffer, they were fain to give money for water. b. In modern use, chiefly from the verb: Chaffering, bargaining, haggling as to price. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > [noun] koffry1488 hucking1551 coping1595 haggling1632 hucksterage1641 huckstering1647 huckstery1662 bargaining1669 higgling1700 chaffering1794 badgering1800 dickering1802 tig-tagging1825 haggle1829 chaffer1851 bargain-driving1902 wheeling and dealing1969 1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend vi. 263 What do I care for the Doctor Seraphic, With all his wordy chaffer and traffic? 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 589 The dark-eyed merchants of the southern seas In chaffer with the base Propœtides. 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent II. xvi. 431 I was unable to purchase anything more than a few ground-nuts, because it involved such serious controversy and chaffer as sickened the hungry stomach. †2. a. That which is bought and sold; wares, merchandise, goods for barter or sale. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] warec1000 warec1000 cheapingc1200 chaffer1297 gooda1300 merchandisec1300 harnessc1386 pennyworths1403 haberdashery1419 merchandya1425 mercimonyc1460 merchantyc1485 merchandrise?1495 haberdasha1529 traffic1533 chaffery1535 trade1645 Manchester goods1705 stuff1708 sundries1740 business model1832 Manchester1920 tradables1921 durable1930 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 539 To late in tueie wolmongers, hor chaffare in to lede. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1951 Fro galaad men wið chafare Sag he ðor kumen wid spices ware. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 174 Þer weore chapmen I-chose þe chaffare to preise. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) 285 X. asses chargede with dyuerse chaffare. 1441 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) Introd. 54 None of the Kings said tenants might, ne durst come att the towne of Ripon..to utter their caffer, wherewith to pay his farme. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hiiii^v As a marchaunt sheweth his marchaundise or chaffer. 1613 S. Rowlands More Knaues Yet sig. C2^v His good daies are when 's Chaffer is well sold. 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. iv. 45 Gold, Silver,..Chains, Rings, with other Ware, and Chaffer of that nature. †b. good chaffer: a good commodity in the market. Obsolete. Π 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 191 Merci is guod chapuare, uor hi deþ wexe þe timliche guodes. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 271/2 The old Proverbe (Gold is good chaffer howsoever it come). 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 134 Another Island..wherein pearles are good chaffer, and yeeld gainfull trafficke. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 377 Those cuttings are good chaffer, and sold very well to the merchant. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 186 They be very good chaffer, and right welcome merchandise. †3. figurative cf. ware n.³ 4a, stuff n.¹ Π c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 100 As thouȝ Cristis seid lawe were so feble chaffare. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Bvij He will note..ornaments superfluouse From better chaffer scum. 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse Ep. Ded. 3 Whoe have inriched whole reames of paper with the Indian mine, and golden chaffaire of their invention. Compounds chaffer-whale n. ‘the round-lipped whale’ (Jamieson). Π 1809 A. Edmondston View Zetland Islands II. 300 (Jam.) Delphinus Orca (Linn.), Chaffer-whale, Grampus. 1821 W. Scott Pirate I. x. 242 He is like the greedy chaffer-whale, that will change his course and dive for the most petty coin which a fisher can cast at him. [Merely taken from Edmonston, l.c.] This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). chaffern.² Brit. /ˈtʃafə/, U.S. /ˈtʃæfər/, Scottish English /ˈtʃafər/ Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare chaff , variant of chaft n.The alleged behaviour of throwing coins towards this whale described in quot. 1809 probably arises from folk-etymological association of the name with chaffer n.¹ Scottish (Shetland). Now rare. A kind of whale found in the North Atlantic (identified variously as an orca or a type of baleen whale, perhaps the bowhead). Also chaffer-whale. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of huddon?c1370 whirlpoolc1450 thirlepollc1460 physeter1581 whirl-about1605 whirl-whale1606 thurlhead1610 black whale1615 blackfish1688 bonefish1752 pollack1774 Algerine1849 sea-boar1859 oil-butt1937 a1777 G. Low Tour Orkney & Schetland (1879) 86 In my return to Selivoe, saw one of the Whales called here Chaffers. 1809 A. Edmondston View Zetland Islands II. 300 Delphinus Orca,..Chaffer-whale, Grampus.—This animal is met with at all seasons, is said to be mischievous, and frequently to follow boats. When this whale follows a boat and alarms the crew, the fishermen have a practice of throwing a coin of any kind towards it, and they allege that the whale disappears in search of the coin. 1822 S. Hibbert Descr. Shetland Islands 421 Large porpoises roll among the waters; and sometimes appear the Delphinus orca, or Chaffer, anciently the dread of boatmen. 1905 A. R. Forbes Gaelic Names Beasts 226 The round-lipped whale is called grampus, also chaffer. 2009 K. Gillham & J. Baxter Whales, Dolphins, & Porpoises (Sc. Nat. Heritage) 47/1 Chaffer, from Orkney and Shetland, ‘round-lipped whale’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). chaffern.³ Brit. /ˈtʃɑːfə/, /ˈtʃafə/, U.S. /ˈtʃæfər/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: chaff v.², -er suffix¹. Etymology: < chaff v.² + -er suffix¹. colloquial (not in North American use). †1. The mouth or throat, esp. in to moisten (or cool) one's chaffer: to have a drink. Also: the tongue. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1821 P. Egan Life in London ii. iii. 228 If you'll keep your chaffers close, and put your listeners forward, you shall hear all about it. 1822 Eng. Chron. 18 July The Tamworth men now let loose their ‘chaffers’, vociferating ten to one. 1890 F. W. Carew No. 747 xxxv. 415 Jem awoke me with an intimation that he would like to ‘moisten his chaffer’. 2. A person who engages in banter or good-humoured teasing. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] > one who banters railleur1655 raillier1663 banterer1678 rallier1678 badineur1734 quiz1797 quizzer1797 queerera1800 smoker1812 persifleur1829 chaffer1851 tease1853 leg-puller1887 josher1899 ragger1903 kibitzer1925 1823 W. Maginn Idyl on Battle in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 71 Where are the chaffers now, who swore that Spring was no hitter? 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 327/2 She was considered to be the best ‘chaffer’ on the road; not one of them could stand against her tongue. 1962 Sunday Tel. 11 Feb. 10/4 Can Gilbert and Sullivan, the most innocent and romantic of chaffers, survive among these poison pens? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). chafferv. Brit. /ˈtʃafə/, U.S. /ˈtʃæfər/ Forms: see chaffer n.¹; also Middle English chapfari. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: chaffer n.¹ Etymology: < chaffer n.¹ 1. †a. intransitive. To buy and sell goods for profit; to deal or trade in merchandise; to engage in commerce. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (intransitive)] cheapc1000 chaffer1340 to make (a) market1340 merchandisec1384 merchantc1400 occupy1525 traffic1537 trade1557 to make a (also one's) mart1562 commerce1587 converse1598 negotiate1601 mart1602 intertraffic1603 nundinate1623 deala1627 market1636 correspond1682 to make (out) one's market1714 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 162 Þe borgeys wylneþ to chapfari an to wynne. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke xix. 13 Chaffare ȝe, til Y come. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (BL Add. 9066) (1879) 389 He wente, ande Chaffared faste, and wanne mekille. c1600 (c1350) Alisaunder (Greaves) (1929) l. 1208 It [sc. Byzaunce] was chosen for cheefe to cheffaren in. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 94 With whom they chaffer and traffick only for a certaine precious stone..which we call a Carbuncle. 1640 H. Grimston in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 122 This great Arch-bishop of Canterbury..hath most unworthily trucked and chaffered in the meanest of them. †b. transitive. To buy and sell for profit, deal in, exchange, or barter (goods, merchandise, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [verb (transitive)] monga1250 corsec1440 coss14.. merchant1511 chafferc1535 merchandise1538 mart1589 trade1589 broke1598 factor1611 handle1638 commercea1641 chop1645 chaffera1657 job1701 truck1715 to turn in1822 monger1928 society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)] interchangec1374 changea1382 barterc1440 corsec1440 rore1440 truckc1440 coss14.. scorse1509 chafferc1535 to chop and change1549 chop1554 cope1570 excourse1593 swap1594 coupc1610 exchange1614 to trade off1676 rap1699 dicker1864 horse-trade1924 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 105 Wolde ȝe lettred..nouȝt..vnderfonge Tythes of vntrewe þinge ytilied or chaffared [c1450 Rawl. I-chafared], Lothe were lewed men but þei ȝowre lore folwed. c1535 Ploughman's Tale i. sig. A.iii^v [That] With pride ponysshed the poore..With money fylleth many a male And chaffren churches whan they fall. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 1159 He chaffred Chayres in which Churchmen were set. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. v. 127 Horsemen as well as horses were chaffered in their markets. 1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 182 Great Dignities and Preferments, which she chaffered for the maintaining..her own interest. c. intransitive. To bargain; to haggle about terms or price. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 1672 O. Walker Of Educ. ii. 235 Many are not able to beat or chaffer, tho they know the prices; and many ignorant of the prices, yet bargain cunningly. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 94 They were longer than ordinary making their Market: While they were thus Chaffering on Board. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. ix. 30 I hate chaffering and higgling for a few guineas in a dark entry. 1828 M. R. Mitford Our Village III. 231 They were chaffering about the price. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) vi, in Writings I. 54 Titled gentlemen, coming about me and chaffering with me for that little jewel. 1871 Athenæum 30 Sept. 423 The merchants go in, not to dally and chaffer, but to buy. 1993 Financial Times 21 July (Arts section) 15/6 Whether chaffering over slave prices in the first scene or persuading the heroine to administer a Mickey Finn in a ludicrous bunch of flowers to the infinitely boring hero, Zaklinsky is a joy. 2. In extended use. †a. intransitive To engage in any activity for gain; to derive profit, get the advantage of. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: 2 Peter (Selwyn) (1904) ii. 3 (MED) Þei schuleþ chaffaren of ȝow wiþ feyned wordis in here couetyse. c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 303 (MED) In coueytise wiþ feyned wordis þei shal chaffare of ȝou. b. intransitive. To discuss terms or conditions, negotiate, debate; to argue or haggle for something desirable. Later in weakened sense (perhaps influenced by chatter): to talk idly, exchange small talk, sometimes (esp. English regional) in a provocative manner. Also with with, at, or †to (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate driveOE treat1297 chaffer1377 broke1496 hucka1529 capitulate1537 hack1587 haggle1589 huckster1593 negotiate1598 to stand out1606 palter1611 to drive a hard bargaina1628 priga1628 scotch1627 prig1632 higgle1633 to dodge it1652 to beat a (the) bargain1664 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 160 Charite..ne chaffareth nouȝte, ne chalengeth, ne craueth. a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 414 (MED) God..wole not þat men chaffere but in þingis whoos valu þei knowen; but lore & preyour of prestis may not be taxid bi mannus wit [etc.]. 1604 D. Digges in T. Digges & D. Digges Foure Paradoxes iv. 110 They but chaffer for peace, rather than by temporizing giue them time to turne tables. a1617 S. Hieron Wks. (1620) I. 60 The best course..is..not so much as to vse any speeches of chafering with him [sc. the atheist]. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II clxiii, in Poems (1878) III. 177 But Hee, who knew the valew of his blood, Chaffers to his Ambition. 1700 J. Dryden Char. Good Parson in Fables 534 To chaffer for Preferment with his Gold, Where Bishopricks, and sine Cures are sold. 1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 277 Thinkest thou to chaffer with Him, who formed the earth, and spread out the heavens..? 1834 Providence (Rhode Island) Patriot & Columbian Phœnix 22 Mar. Our Jacob had the dumps one day, And to the ale-house took his way, In hopes to find his friend, Jock Pease, And drink and chaffer at his ease. 1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1868) I. ii. 59 That each Province should chaffer as little as possible about details. 1864 J. C. Atkinson Whitby Gloss. Chaff, to chafe or chaffer, to quarrel. ‘They chaff'd at teean t'other varry sairly.’ 1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) He duzn't saay 'oht that's much wrong, bud he's alus chafferin' at me. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Feb. 227/3 Victor..is visiting with his rich friends Gemma and Hamish to chaffer for their furniture. 2015 Western Mail (Nexis) 2 Nov. 23 If our government did not have to chaffer with the London one, maybe the Swansea line and the Valleys lines would have been modernised by now. c. transitive. To exchange (words, etc.) idly; to dispose of (time, possessions, etc.) carelessly. Also with away, down, †forth (obsolete). Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)] changec1225 truck?c1225 interchangec1374 permutec1400 wrixlec1400 turnc1449 wissel1487 chaffer1530 niffer1540 bandy1589 to chaffer words1590 swap1590 barter1596 counterchange1598 commute1633 trade1636 countercambiate1656 ring1786 rebarter1845 trade1864 swop1890 permutate1898 interconvert1953 society > trade and finance > barter > [verb (transitive)] > dispose of by barter exchange1483 chaffer1530 to chop away1554 swap1590 truck1686 to barter away1690 1530 H. Latimer Let. 1 Dec. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1347/2 Not to hide..the talent geuen me of God, but to chaffer it fourth to other. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. v. sig. Q4^v He neuer staid to greete, Ne chaffar words, prowd corage to prouoke. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvi. xliii. 289 Sworne foes sometime will talke, and chaffer words. 1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? xiii. 89 Merchants..that chaffer Heauen and happinesse, for the reward of iniquity. 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) ii. 77 Wicked men..chaffer and grant away their time, and strength. 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila i. xxix. 5 Go, chaffer Blisse for Pleasure. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. xxi. 87 ‘Reserve thy boon, my liege,’ she said, ‘Thus chaffered down and limited.’ 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xi. 216 They saw with indignation, that Dunkirk..had been chaffered away by Charles. 1936 Economist 22 Aug. 342/1 Since ideals are not to be chaffered in the market place, a system such as we have been describing needs to be financed by a compulsory licence duty levied on listeners. 1969 Daily Tel. 13 Mar. 18/3 The merchants chaffer away the morning. †3. transitive. Perhaps: to mingle or exchange (something) with another. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1721 W. Gibson True Method dieting Horses i. 5 Horses..which have too much White on any Part of their Body, which is not mixed or chaffered with Hairs of the Horse's Colour. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022; most recently modified version published online December 2022). > see also also refers to : chaferchaffern.¹ < n.¹?c1225n.²a1777n.³1821v.1340 see also
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chaffern.1

Compounds

chaffern.2

chaffern.3

chafferv.

> see also

chaffern.¹

chaffern.²

chaffern.³