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单词 affluent
释义

affluentadj.n.

Brit. /ˈaflʊənt/, U.S. /ˈæˌfluənt/, /əˈfluənt/
Forms: late Middle English affluente, late Middle English– affluent.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affluent-, affluēns.
Etymology: < classical Latin affluent-, affluēns flowing (with), abounding or rich (in), overflowing (with), excessively full (of), abundant, plentiful, rich, sumptuous, luxurious, prosperous, favourable, use as adjective of present participle of affluere afflue v. Compare Middle French, French affluent abundant, copious (a1471), flowing toward (1690, originally with reference to a stream), Catalan afluent (1460), Spanish afluente (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese afluente (15th cent.), Italian affluente (13th or 14th cent.).With sense B. 2 compare French affluent confluence of two streams (1752), tributary stream (1835). With regard to the variation of stress in U. S. usage, Webster's Dict. Eng. Usage (1989) 48/1 comments that second-syllable stress is less common among educated speakers.
A. adj.
1.
a. Abundant, copious, plentiful.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective]
goodeOE
broadOE
fullOE
large?c1225
rifec1225
fulsomea1325
abundanta1382
plenteousa1382
copiousc1384
plentifula1400
ranka1400
aboundc1425
affluentc1425
aboundable?1440
seedy1440
manyfulc1450
ample1472
olda1500
richa1500
flowing1526
fertilent1535
wallingc1540
copy1546
abounding1560
fat1563
numbrous1566
good, great store1569
round1592
redundant1594
fruitful1604
cornucopian1609
much1609
plenty?a1610
pukka1619
redundant1621
uberant1622
swelling1628
uberous1633
numerousa1635
superfluent1648
full tide1649
lucky1649
redounding1667
numerose1692
bumper1836
prolific1890
proliferous1915
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 38 Lette vs prayse oure maker for the perceyued ȝiftis of affluent grace.
a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xv. f. 10 Thi grace..alway hath ben affluent, Discreasyng nought.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth Pref. sig. A.iii Trustynge to your affluent goodnesse to take no displeasure with any contentes of this boke.
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. Dv Dilating on so affluent an argument.
1602 T. Lodge in tr. Josephus Wks. To Rdr. sig. ¶iij As in an ample and well furnished and affluent banquet, although some things..seeme pleasant, othersome to other are without taste.
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 135 Their affluent joys the grateful realms confess.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 218 My son was already possessed of a very affluent fortune.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 625 The graceful and affluent diversity of the Decorated [style].
1930 H. Branderis tr. A. Tanquerey Spiritual Life 142 The blessing of the priest bestows on us the affluent riches of the Triune God.
1994 World Lit. Today 68 266/1 His work has..benefited greatly from the affluent resources of our English-dominant culture.
b. Of liquid, hair, etc.: flowing freely or abundantly. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > flowing abundantly
pouring1577
streaming1579
fluenta1592
affluent1704
gushingc1709
flooding1850
the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > abundant
well-hairedc1465
fluent1607
affluent1816
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [adjective]
livingeOE
flowinga1000
runningOE
quicka1300
livish?1536
lively1548
streaming1579
streamyc1595
crystal-flowing1605
preterlabent1670
manant1727
affluent1863
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ix. 22 Their roots will putrifie and rotte ouer-burthened with affluent iuyce.
1704 R. Brown tr. Plutarch Morals IV. 191 Nature..has as it were some subterranean Fountains, which receive the affluent Liquors.
a1770 C. Smart Poems (1791) II. 173 My drunken friend should reel betimes to bed; And in the morn, with affluent discharge, Should sign and seal his residence at large.
1816 R. Southey Lay of Laureate in Wks. X. 152 And o'er his shoulders broad the affluent mane Dishevell'd hung.
1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 403 In the centre..is an affluent fountain of the clearest water.
1903 J. H. Boner Poems 29 Her affluent hair is blond as wheat June-sunned to harvest.
2. Of a liquid, etc.: flowing towards or into a particular place, or in a particular direction. Cf. effluent adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [adjective] > flowing towards
affluent?a1475
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [adjective] > forth, onward, or towards
affluent?a1475
profluous1585
profluent1667
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 63 (MED) The stonys..meltenge thro the veynes of salte mixte amonge theyme causethe an humor affluente [L. humorem affluentem].
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 181 Conuenient matter fermenting in its warme bed vnder the earth, becometh a loadestone by the like sucking in of affluent streames.
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus iii. 16 These parts..are..raised to a greater bulk, by the affluent (flowing to) blood, that's transmitted out of the mother's body.
1760 R. Symmer in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 386 The effluent current must have just as great an effect in separating them, as the affluent can have in bringing or keeping them together.
1824 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 11 11 The stream [of electricity] which flows from A, will at first obstruct, in some degree, the motion which the affluent current has acquired.
1907 Trans. Royal Soc. South Austral. 31 77 He further described it as not any ordinary type [of petroleum spring], but one which is in the habit of changing its affluent liquid to milk in wet weather.
2002 I. Cojan & M. Renard Sedimentology iv. 182 The type of deposits is controlled by the nature of affluent waters and the intensity of evaporation.
3.
a. Characterized by an abundance of money or possessions; wealthy, rich, prosperous.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective]
richeOE
eadyOE
richfulc1300
plenteousc1350
wealthyc1380
wealthfula1400
wlouȝa1400
wellc1405
biga1425
goldedc1450
substantious1490
able1516
opulent?1518
substantive1543
strong1581
fat1611
juicy1627
fortuned1632
affluent1652
rhinocerical1688
rough1721
rowthy1792
golden1797
strong-handed1817
well-to-do1831
wealth-encumbered1844
nabobish1857
rhinoceral1860
ingoted1864
tinny1871
pocket-filled1886
oofy1896
nawabi1955
brewstered2001
1652 T. Adams God's Anger 72 I am fallen from an affluent estate, to deep indigence.
1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. vii. 128 He wears good Cloaths, is always affluent of Money, plays very much.
1753 Monthly Rev. Mar. 181 Those delights which the peaceful affluent life bestows.
1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 14 No expence should be spared to secure to him an honourable and affluent retreat.
1806 W. Wilberforce Let. 25 Jan. in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce Life W. Wilberforce (1838) III. xix. 246 Considering the number of affluent men connected with Pitt.
1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 73/2 In affluent families in the city the cookery is usually tolerable.
1923 E. Glasgow Jordan's End in Shadowy Third 285 Fine linen..which had been handed down from some more affluent generation.
1977 Time 26 Dec. 40/1 An almost stereotypically proper and affluent Northeastern suburb.
2010 New Yorker 10 May 50/3 Some poor parents sell the children to affluent Haitians as indentured servants.
b. figurative. Having an abundance of something desirable or valuable; rich in a particular quality; spec. characterized by facility with words; articulate (cf. fluent adj. 5). Chiefly with in (also of, with).
ΚΠ
1659 tr. R. Fludd Mosaicall Philos. ii. ii. 172 Olympick Spirits are not so bright and affluent in divine riches, as those angelical Intelligences which approach the excellently-bright throne of Eternity.
1721 C. Gildon Laws of Poetry 223 Full of an harmonious loquacity indeed, affluent in words, and fine language.
1813 Port Folio May 439 If he did not abound in wealth, he was affluent in the virtues and the excellencies which dignify and adorn the man.
1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 255 The orchards are affluent of pears, plums, and apples.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 79 Lady Blanche erect Stood up and spake, an affluent orator.
1909 Current Lit. Oct. 411/1 Swinburne's verse was as indigent in thought as it was affluent in words.
1972 G. S. P. Misra Age of Vinaya ii. 49 In this age north-eastern India was affluent with a number of religious sects with famous teachers at their head.
1996 L. Michel Light vii. 112/2 Cities of the Middle East and North Africa..are affluent in spatial appeal.
B. n.
1. With the and plural agreement. Affluent people as a class; those who are wealthy or prosperous.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person > rich people
richeOE
richeOE
grand1667
moneyed interest1711
affluent1735
nabobry1777
jet set1949
beautiful people1950
1735 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 130/2 In all Governments the Necessitous envy the Affluent, censure the Good, and extol the Bad.
1772 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) I. 17 Those poignant joys, which are the lot of the affluent.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iv. 119 Commodities..beyond the reach of any but the affluent.
1867 C. L. Robertson & J. Rutherford tr. W. Griesinger Mental Pathol. & Therapeutics v. ii. 488 The exertions of the affluent are devoted to the institution and the poorer inmates.
1911 J. F. Schamberg Dis. Skin & Eruptive Fevers (ed. 2) 45 The subjects are largely poverty stricken..although isolated cases among the affluent are not unknown.
1974 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 15 Nov. 1/6 The Norwegian delegation is pushing a conference resolution stating that overconsumption impairs the health of the affluent.
2008 N.Y. Mag. 26 May 87/2 American mores are evolving, especially among the affluent. An affair or two is handleable for the rich.
2. A stream flowing into a larger stream or lake; a tributary stream; a feeder. Cf. effluent n. a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun]
succour1596
creek1622
kill1669
sidestream1715
feeder1795
tribute-river1820
tributary1822
affluent1829
confluent1849
sub-river1849
influent1859
1829 Brit. Critic July 79 Whoever will look into Norris's map of the Slave Coast..will see Jaboo Creek just opposite to Gato—both on an affluent of the Fermoso.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 4 As the Thames rolls along, it receives a number of these feeders, or affluents.
1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War vii. 103 We could only conclude that he was still encamped in the gorge of the Momahaki stream, an affluent of the Waitotara.
1986 L. L. Cavalli-Sforza Afr. Pygmies 368 Baka pygmies went north up the Sanga River, an affluent of the Oubangui.
1996 Economist 17 Feb. 60/3 The hidrovia will harness to the needs of modern trade two rivers, the Parana and the Paraguay, affluents of the River Plate.

Compounds

affluent society n. a society in which material wealth is widely distributed.
ΚΠ
1958 J. K. Galbraith Affluent Society xxii. 245 In the affluent society, no useful distinction can be made between luxuries and necessaries.
1958 Listener 25 Sept. 449/2 Sociologists have inveighed vaguely against the affluent society.
1972 Guardian 23 Dec. 8/1 There are many less conspicuous casualties, the walking wounded of the affluent society.
2007 S. O. Rose in F. Biess & R. G. Moeller Hist. of Aftermath xiii. 232 In an atmosphere of austerity and then in the ambience of the birthing years of the affluent society.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.c1425
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