affluentadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈaflʊənt/, U.S.

/ˈæˌfluənt/,

/əˈfluənt/

Forms: late Middle English affluente, late Middle English– affluent.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affluent-, affluēns.

Etymology: < classical Latin affluent-, affluēns flowing (with), abounding or rich (in), overflowing (with), excessively full (of), abundant, plentiful, rich, sumptuous, luxurious, prosperous, favourable, use as adjective of present participle of affluere afflue v. Compare Middle French, French affluent abundant, copious (a1471), flowing toward (1690, originally with reference to a stream), Catalan afluent (1460), Spanish afluente (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese afluente (15th cent.), Italian affluente (13th or 14th cent.).With sense B. 2 compare French affluent confluence of two streams (1752), tributary stream (1835). With regard to the variation of stress in U. S. usage, Webster's Dict. Eng. Usage (1989) 48/1 comments that second-syllable stress is less common among educated speakers.

A. adj.

a. Abundant, copious, plentiful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective]

goodeOE

broadOE

fullOE

large?c1225

rifec1225

fulsomea1325

abundanta1382

plenteousa1382

copiousc1384

plentifula1400

ranka1400

aboundc1425

affluentc1425

aboundable?1440

seedy1440

manyfulc1450

ample1472

olda1500

richa1500

flowing1526

fertilent1535

wallingc1540

copy1546

abounding1560

fat1563

numbrous1566

good, great store1569

round1592

redundant1594

fruitful1604

cornucopian1609

much1609

plenty?a1610

pukka1619

redundant1621

uberant1622

swelling1628

uberous1633

numerousa1635

superfluent1648

full tide1649

lucky1649

redounding1667

numerose1692

bumper1836

prolific1890

proliferous1915

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 38 Lette vs prayse oure maker for the perceyued ȝiftis of affluent grace.

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xv. f. 10 Thi grace..alway hath ben affluent, Discreasyng nought.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth Pref. sig. A.iii Trustynge to your affluent goodnesse to take no displeasure with any contentes of this boke.

1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. D^v Dilating on so affluent an argument.

1602 T. Lodge in tr. Josephus Wks. To Rdr. sig. ¶iij As in an ample and well furnished and affluent banquet, although some things..seeme pleasant, othersome to other are without taste.

1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 135 Their affluent joys the grateful realms confess.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 218 My son was already possessed of a very affluent fortune.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 625 The graceful and affluent diversity of the Decorated [style].

1930 H. Branderis tr. A. Tanquerey Spiritual Life 142 The blessing of the priest bestows on us the affluent riches of the Triune God.

1994 World Lit. Today 68 266/1 His work has..benefited greatly from the affluent resources of our English-dominant culture.

b. Of liquid, hair, etc.: flowing freely or abundantly. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > flowing abundantly

pouring1577

streaming1579

fluenta1592

affluent1704

gushingc1709

flooding1850

the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > abundant

well-hairedc1465

fluent1607

affluent1816

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [adjective]

livingeOE

flowinga1000

runningOE

quicka1300

livish?1536

lively1548

streaming1579

streamyc1595

crystal-flowing1605

preterlabent1670

manant1727

affluent1863

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ix. 22 Their roots will putrifie and rotte ouer-burthened with affluent iuyce.

1704 R. Brown tr. Plutarch Morals IV. 191 Nature..has as it were some subterranean Fountains, which receive the affluent Liquors.

a1770 C. Smart Poems (1791) II. 173 My drunken friend should reel betimes to bed; And in the morn, with affluent discharge, Should sign and seal his residence at large.

1816 R. Southey Lay of Laureate in Wks. X. 152 And o'er his shoulders broad the affluent mane Dishevell'd hung.

1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 403 In the centre..is an affluent fountain of the clearest water.

1903 J. H. Boner Poems 29 Her affluent hair is blond as wheat June-sunned to harvest.

2. Of a liquid, etc.: flowing towards or into a particular place, or in a particular direction. Cf. effluent adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [adjective] > flowing towards

affluent?a1475

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [adjective] > forth, onward, or towards

affluent?a1475

profluous1585

profluent1667

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 63 (MED) The stonys..meltenge thro the veynes of salte mixte amonge theyme causethe an humor affluente [L. humorem affluentem].

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 181 Conuenient matter fermenting in its warme bed vnder the earth, becometh a loadestone by the like sucking in of affluent streames.

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus iii. 16 These parts..are..raised to a greater bulk, by the affluent (flowing to) blood, that's transmitted out of the mother's body.

1760 R. Symmer in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 386 The effluent current must have just as great an effect in separating them, as the affluent can have in bringing or keeping them together.

1824 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 11 11 The stream [of electricity] which flows from A, will at first obstruct, in some degree, the motion which the affluent current has acquired.

1907 Trans. Royal Soc. South Austral. 31 77 He further described it as not any ordinary type [of petroleum spring], but one which is in the habit of changing its affluent liquid to milk in wet weather.

2002 I. Cojan & M. Renard Sedimentology iv. 182 The type of deposits is controlled by the nature of affluent waters and the intensity of evaporation.

a. Characterized by an abundance of money or possessions; wealthy, rich, prosperous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective]

richeOE

eadyOE

richfulc1300

plenteousc1350

wealthyc1380

wealthfula1400

wlouȝa1400

wellc1405

biga1425

goldedc1450

substantious1490

able1516

opulent?1518

substantive1543

strong1581

fat1611

juicy1627

fortuned1632

affluent1652

rhinocerical1688

rough1721

rowthy1792

golden1797

strong-handed1817

well-to-do1831

wealth-encumbered1844

nabobish1857

rhinoceral1860

ingoted1864

tinny1871

pocket-filled1886

oofy1896

nawabi1955

brewstered2001

1652 T. Adams God's Anger 72 I am fallen from an affluent estate, to deep indigence.

1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. vii. 128 He wears good Cloaths, is always affluent of Money, plays very much.

1753 Monthly Rev. Mar. 181 Those delights which the peaceful affluent life bestows.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 14 No expence should be spared to secure to him an honourable and affluent retreat.

1806 W. Wilberforce Let. 25 Jan. in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce Life W. Wilberforce (1838) III. xix. 246 Considering the number of affluent men connected with Pitt.

1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 73/2 In affluent families in the city the cookery is usually tolerable.

1923 E. Glasgow Jordan's End in Shadowy Third 285 Fine linen..which had been handed down from some more affluent generation.

1977 Time 26 Dec. 40/1 An almost stereotypically proper and affluent Northeastern suburb.

2010 New Yorker 10 May 50/3 Some poor parents sell the children to affluent Haitians as indentured servants.

b. figurative. Having an abundance of something desirable or valuable; rich in a particular quality; spec. characterized by facility with words; articulate (cf. fluent adj. 5). Chiefly with in (also of, with).

ΚΠ

1659 tr. R. Fludd Mosaicall Philos. ii. ii. 172 Olympick Spirits are not so bright and affluent in divine riches, as those angelical Intelligences which approach the excellently-bright throne of Eternity.

1721 C. Gildon Laws of Poetry 223 Full of an harmonious loquacity indeed, affluent in words, and fine language.

1813 Port Folio May 439 If he did not abound in wealth, he was affluent in the virtues and the excellencies which dignify and adorn the man.

1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 255 The orchards are affluent of pears, plums, and apples.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 79 Lady Blanche erect Stood up and spake, an affluent orator.

1909 Current Lit. Oct. 411/1 Swinburne's verse was as indigent in thought as it was affluent in words.

1972 G. S. P. Misra Age of Vinaya ii. 49 In this age north-eastern India was affluent with a number of religious sects with famous teachers at their head.

1996 L. Michel Light vii. 112/2 Cities of the Middle East and North Africa..are affluent in spatial appeal.

B. n.

1. With the and plural agreement. Affluent people as a class; those who are wealthy or prosperous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person > rich people

richeOE

grand1667

moneyed interest1711

affluent1735

nabobry1777

jet set1949

beautiful people1950

1735 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 130/2 In all Governments the Necessitous envy the Affluent, censure the Good, and extol the Bad.

1772 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) I. 17 Those poignant joys, which are the lot of the affluent.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iv. 119 Commodities..beyond the reach of any but the affluent.

1867 C. L. Robertson & J. Rutherford tr. W. Griesinger Mental Pathol. & Therapeutics v. ii. 488 The exertions of the affluent are devoted to the institution and the poorer inmates.

1911 J. F. Schamberg Dis. Skin & Eruptive Fevers (ed. 2) 45 The subjects are largely poverty stricken..although isolated cases among the affluent are not unknown.

1974 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 15 Nov. 1/6 The Norwegian delegation is pushing a conference resolution stating that overconsumption impairs the health of the affluent.

2008 N.Y. Mag. 26 May 87/2 American mores are evolving, especially among the affluent. An affair or two is handleable for the rich.

2. A stream flowing into a larger stream or lake; a tributary stream; a feeder. Cf. effluent n. a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun]

succour1596

creek1622

kill1669

sidestream1715

feeder1795

tribute-river1820

tributary1822

affluent1829

confluent1849

sub-river1849

influent1859

1829 Brit. Critic July 79 Whoever will look into Norris's map of the Slave Coast..will see Jaboo Creek just opposite to Gato—both on an affluent of the Fermoso.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 4 As the Thames rolls along, it receives a number of these feeders, or affluents.

1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War vii. 103 We could only conclude that he was still encamped in the gorge of the Momahaki stream, an affluent of the Waitotara.

1986 L. L. Cavalli-Sforza Afr. Pygmies 368 Baka pygmies went north up the Sanga River, an affluent of the Oubangui.

1996 Economist 17 Feb. 60/3 The hidrovia will harness to the needs of modern trade two rivers, the Parana and the Paraguay, affluents of the River Plate.

Compounds

affluent society n. a society in which material wealth is widely distributed.

ΚΠ

1958 J. K. Galbraith Affluent Society xxii. 245 In the affluent society, no useful distinction can be made between luxuries and necessaries.

1958 Listener 25 Sept. 449/2 Sociologists have inveighed vaguely against the affluent society.

1972 Guardian 23 Dec. 8/1 There are many less conspicuous casualties, the walking wounded of the affluent society.

2007 S. O. Rose in F. Biess & R. G. Moeller Hist. of Aftermath xiii. 232 In an atmosphere of austerity and then in the ambience of the birthing years of the affluent society.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affluent
释义	affluentadj.n. Brit. /ˈaflʊənt/, U.S. /ˈæˌfluənt/, /əˈfluənt/ Forms: late Middle English affluente, late Middle English– affluent. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affluent-, affluēns. Etymology: < classical Latin affluent-, affluēns flowing (with), abounding or rich (in), overflowing (with), excessively full (of), abundant, plentiful, rich, sumptuous, luxurious, prosperous, favourable, use as adjective of present participle of affluere afflue v. Compare Middle French, French affluent abundant, copious (a1471), flowing toward (1690, originally with reference to a stream), Catalan afluent (1460), Spanish afluente (beginning of the 14th cent.), Portuguese afluente (15th cent.), Italian affluente (13th or 14th cent.).With sense B. 2 compare French affluent confluence of two streams (1752), tributary stream (1835). With regard to the variation of stress in U. S. usage, Webster's Dict. Eng. Usage (1989) 48/1 comments that second-syllable stress is less common among educated speakers. A. adj. 1. a. Abundant, copious, plentiful. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] goodeOE broadOE fullOE large?c1225 rifec1225 fulsomea1325 abundanta1382 plenteousa1382 copiousc1384 plentifula1400 ranka1400 aboundc1425 affluentc1425 aboundable?1440 seedy1440 manyfulc1450 ample1472 olda1500 richa1500 flowing1526 fertilent1535 wallingc1540 copy1546 abounding1560 fat1563 numbrous1566 good, great store1569 round1592 redundant1594 fruitful1604 cornucopian1609 much1609 plenty?a1610 pukka1619 redundant1621 uberant1622 swelling1628 uberous1633 numerousa1635 superfluent1648 full tide1649 lucky1649 redounding1667 numerose1692 bumper1836 prolific1890 proliferous1915 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 38 Lette vs prayse oure maker for the perceyued ȝiftis of affluent grace. a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) i. xv. f. 10 Thi grace..alway hath ben affluent, Discreasyng nought. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth Pref. sig. A.iii Trustynge to your affluent goodnesse to take no displeasure with any contentes of this boke. 1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie sig. D^v Dilating on so affluent an argument. 1602 T. Lodge in tr. Josephus Wks. To Rdr. sig. ¶iij As in an ample and well furnished and affluent banquet, although some things..seeme pleasant, othersome to other are without taste. 1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 135 Their affluent joys the grateful realms confess. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xiii. 218 My son was already possessed of a very affluent fortune. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 625 The graceful and affluent diversity of the Decorated [style]. 1930 H. Branderis tr. A. Tanquerey Spiritual Life 142 The blessing of the priest bestows on us the affluent riches of the Triune God. 1994 World Lit. Today 68 266/1 His work has..benefited greatly from the affluent resources of our English-dominant culture. b. Of liquid, hair, etc.: flowing freely or abundantly. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > [adjective] > flowing abundantly pouring1577 streaming1579 fluenta1592 affluent1704 gushingc1709 flooding1850 the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > abundant well-hairedc1465 fluent1607 affluent1816 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [adjective] livingeOE flowinga1000 runningOE quicka1300 livish?1536 lively1548 streaming1579 streamyc1595 crystal-flowing1605 preterlabent1670 manant1727 affluent1863 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ix. 22 Their roots will putrifie and rotte ouer-burthened with affluent iuyce. 1704 R. Brown tr. Plutarch Morals IV. 191 Nature..has as it were some subterranean Fountains, which receive the affluent Liquors. a1770 C. Smart Poems (1791) II. 173 My drunken friend should reel betimes to bed; And in the morn, with affluent discharge, Should sign and seal his residence at large. 1816 R. Southey Lay of Laureate in Wks. X. 152 And o'er his shoulders broad the affluent mane Dishevell'd hung. 1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 403 In the centre..is an affluent fountain of the clearest water. 1903 J. H. Boner Poems 29 Her affluent hair is blond as wheat June-sunned to harvest. 2. Of a liquid, etc.: flowing towards or into a particular place, or in a particular direction. Cf. effluent adj. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [adjective] > flowing towards affluent?a1475 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [adjective] > forth, onward, or towards affluent?a1475 profluous1585 profluent1667 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 63 (MED) The stonys..meltenge thro the veynes of salte mixte amonge theyme causethe an humor affluente [L. humorem affluentem]. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xx. 181 Conuenient matter fermenting in its warme bed vnder the earth, becometh a loadestone by the like sucking in of affluent streames. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus iii. 16 These parts..are..raised to a greater bulk, by the affluent (flowing to) blood, that's transmitted out of the mother's body. 1760 R. Symmer in Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 386 The effluent current must have just as great an effect in separating them, as the affluent can have in bringing or keeping them together. 1824 Edinb. Philos. Jrnl. 11 11 The stream [of electricity] which flows from A, will at first obstruct, in some degree, the motion which the affluent current has acquired. 1907 Trans. Royal Soc. South Austral. 31 77 He further described it as not any ordinary type [of petroleum spring], but one which is in the habit of changing its affluent liquid to milk in wet weather. 2002 I. Cojan & M. Renard Sedimentology iv. 182 The type of deposits is controlled by the nature of affluent waters and the intensity of evaporation. 3. a. Characterized by an abundance of money or possessions; wealthy, rich, prosperous. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [adjective] richeOE eadyOE richfulc1300 plenteousc1350 wealthyc1380 wealthfula1400 wlouȝa1400 wellc1405 biga1425 goldedc1450 substantious1490 able1516 opulent?1518 substantive1543 strong1581 fat1611 juicy1627 fortuned1632 affluent1652 rhinocerical1688 rough1721 rowthy1792 golden1797 strong-handed1817 well-to-do1831 wealth-encumbered1844 nabobish1857 rhinoceral1860 ingoted1864 tinny1871 pocket-filled1886 oofy1896 nawabi1955 brewstered2001 1652 T. Adams God's Anger 72 I am fallen from an affluent estate, to deep indigence. 1722 J. Macky Journey through Eng. II. vii. 128 He wears good Cloaths, is always affluent of Money, plays very much. 1753 Monthly Rev. Mar. 181 Those delights which the peaceful affluent life bestows. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. i. 14 No expence should be spared to secure to him an honourable and affluent retreat. 1806 W. Wilberforce Let. 25 Jan. in R. I. Wilberforce & S. Wilberforce Life W. Wilberforce (1838) III. xix. 246 Considering the number of affluent men connected with Pitt. 1857 Harper's Mag. Dec. 73/2 In affluent families in the city the cookery is usually tolerable. 1923 E. Glasgow Jordan's End in Shadowy Third 285 Fine linen..which had been handed down from some more affluent generation. 1977 Time 26 Dec. 40/1 An almost stereotypically proper and affluent Northeastern suburb. 2010 New Yorker 10 May 50/3 Some poor parents sell the children to affluent Haitians as indentured servants. b. figurative. Having an abundance of something desirable or valuable; rich in a particular quality; spec. characterized by facility with words; articulate (cf. fluent adj. 5). Chiefly with in (also of, with). ΚΠ 1659 tr. R. Fludd Mosaicall Philos. ii. ii. 172 Olympick Spirits are not so bright and affluent in divine riches, as those angelical Intelligences which approach the excellently-bright throne of Eternity. 1721 C. Gildon Laws of Poetry 223 Full of an harmonious loquacity indeed, affluent in words, and fine language. 1813 Port Folio May 439 If he did not abound in wealth, he was affluent in the virtues and the excellencies which dignify and adorn the man. 1831 W. Howitt Bk. Seasons 255 The orchards are affluent of pears, plums, and apples. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 79 Lady Blanche erect Stood up and spake, an affluent orator. 1909 Current Lit. Oct. 411/1 Swinburne's verse was as indigent in thought as it was affluent in words. 1972 G. S. P. Misra Age of Vinaya ii. 49 In this age north-eastern India was affluent with a number of religious sects with famous teachers at their head. 1996 L. Michel Light vii. 112/2 Cities of the Middle East and North Africa..are affluent in spatial appeal. B. n. 1. With the and plural agreement. Affluent people as a class; those who are wealthy or prosperous. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person > rich people richeOE richeOE grand1667 moneyed interest1711 affluent1735 nabobry1777 jet set1949 beautiful people1950 1735 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 130/2 In all Governments the Necessitous envy the Affluent, censure the Good, and extol the Bad. 1772 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) I. 17 Those poignant joys, which are the lot of the affluent. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. iv. 119 Commodities..beyond the reach of any but the affluent. 1867 C. L. Robertson & J. Rutherford tr. W. Griesinger Mental Pathol. & Therapeutics v. ii. 488 The exertions of the affluent are devoted to the institution and the poorer inmates. 1911 J. F. Schamberg Dis. Skin & Eruptive Fevers (ed. 2) 45 The subjects are largely poverty stricken..although isolated cases among the affluent are not unknown. 1974 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 15 Nov. 1/6 The Norwegian delegation is pushing a conference resolution stating that overconsumption impairs the health of the affluent. 2008 N.Y. Mag. 26 May 87/2 American mores are evolving, especially among the affluent. An affair or two is handleable for the rich. 2. A stream flowing into a larger stream or lake; a tributary stream; a feeder. Cf. effluent n. a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] succour1596 creek1622 kill1669 sidestream1715 feeder1795 tribute-river1820 tributary1822 affluent1829 confluent1849 sub-river1849 influent1859 1829 Brit. Critic July 79 Whoever will look into Norris's map of the Slave Coast..will see Jaboo Creek just opposite to Gato—both on an affluent of the Fermoso. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 4 As the Thames rolls along, it receives a number of these feeders, or affluents. 1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War vii. 103 We could only conclude that he was still encamped in the gorge of the Momahaki stream, an affluent of the Waitotara. 1986 L. L. Cavalli-Sforza Afr. Pygmies 368 Baka pygmies went north up the Sanga River, an affluent of the Oubangui. 1996 Economist 17 Feb. 60/3 The hidrovia will harness to the needs of modern trade two rivers, the Parana and the Paraguay, affluents of the River Plate. Compounds affluent society n. a society in which material wealth is widely distributed. ΚΠ 1958 J. K. Galbraith Affluent Society xxii. 245 In the affluent society, no useful distinction can be made between luxuries and necessaries. 1958 Listener 25 Sept. 449/2 Sociologists have inveighed vaguely against the affluent society. 1972 Guardian 23 Dec. 8/1 There are many less conspicuous casualties, the walking wounded of the affluent society. 2007 S. O. Rose in F. Biess & R. G. Moeller Hist. of Aftermath xiii. 232 In an atmosphere of austerity and then in the ambience of the birthing years of the affluent society. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1425
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