| 释义 |
affordv. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: y- prefix, forth v. Etymology: Originally < y- prefix + forth v., with (in the β. forms) subsequent reduction of the prefix to a- (see a- prefix2 and discussion at y- prefix) and (in forms in aff- ) later remodelling after formations in classical Latin af-, variant of ad- ad- prefix (compare af- prefix).The γ. forms apparently reflect Middle English assimilation of the consonant group /rð/ to /rd/ (before a following vowel), although such spellings are not attested before the 16th cent.; see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §383, and compare similar forms of forth v. and forth adv. †I. To accomplish, achieve, and related senses. OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 474 Asende ure Hælend Crist his halgan engel mid þe, se geforðige ðe, and þine fare gewissige. OE Wulfstan (Cleo.) (1957) 246 His fæder Dauid cyning hit hæfde gemynt ær to donne, ac he ne geforðede hit na, ac hit wearð þurh his sunu Salomon geforðad. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1045 He wæs abbod on Eofeshamme ærest, & þæt mynster wel geforðode þa hwile þe he þær wæs. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 270 Þi wil þach & naut min beo eauer iforðet [a1250 Nero ifulled]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) 15755 Nulle he come nauere, no þine heste iuorðen. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] OE Handbk. for Use of Confessor (Corpus Cambr. 201) in (1965) 83 34 Þis is mihtiges mannes and freondspediges dædbotlihtingc, ac an unmaga ne mæg swilc geforðian. lOE (Laud) anno 1085 Se cyng geaxode to soðan þet his feond gelætte wæron & ne mihten na geforðian heora fare. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 71 Ȝif ðu undernimst swilch ðat tu for unhale ne miht iforðin..hit is ðe michel hauth. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 39 Ic habbe iseaid hwet ȝe sculen don ȝif ȝe hit maȝen iforðian. ?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Royal 17 D.vi) (1897) l. 2114 And here & there, as that my litell witte Afforthe may, I thynke translate it. II. To provide, to yield. 3. the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] OE Ælfric (Julius) (1900) II. 356 Hit gewearð swaþeah þæt se wurðfulla cniht þa brydlac geforþode, and gefette þæt mæden mid woruldlicum wurðmynte swa swa heora gebyrde wæron. OE List of Relics, Exeter in M. Förster (1943) 64 He ongan smeagan & þeahtian, hwæt him sælost wære to geforðienne of his cynelicum madmum Gode to lofe & him silfum & his ðeode to ecere þearfe. ?1553 C. Tye x. sig. G.i Peter yet, these words dyd tell That God dyd hym afforde. 1596 J. Norden f. 33v To accept this church as his spouse and wife, affording himselfe to be her husband. 1598 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 39 Onely for praise, and praise we may afford, To any Lady that subdewes a Lord. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes vii. §3. 112 If he..Rule well..they afford him the appellation of a King; if not, they count him a Tyrant. 1695 J. Flamsteed Let. 2 July in I. Newton (1967) IV. 138 I shall afford you..a Nonagesimary table for callculateing ye parallactick Angle. 1714 A. Pope Chaucer's Wife of Bath in R. Steele 17 Kind Heav'n afford him everlasting Rest. 1738 J. Wesley (new ed.) li. 4 Tho' I have griev'd thy Spirit, Lord, His Help and Comfort still afford. 1759 W. Robertson I. iii. 240 An hundred merks Scotch was the allowance which their liberality afforded to the generality of Ministers. 1817 J. Mill II. v. vii. 602 Rights which the custom of India gave, to the Prince who received, over the Prince who afforded the tribute. 1839 R. I. Murchison i. xxxviii. 530 We shall hereafter afford independent proofs of the existence of dry land. 1853 J. B. Marsden (ed. 2) Pref. Should life and leisure be afforded to the author. 1920 14 676 The same advantages for retraining and rehabilitation as are afforded to soldiers wounded in the line of duty. 1957 14 May 11/2 The decision to afford British ships the facilities for using the Suez Canal again was announced. 2000 A. Ghosh (2001) xxiii. 281 Hardy..assumed that they would afford him the same indulgence and affection that he remembered from the past. the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide, afford, or yield > be capable of yielding 1576 A. Fleming tr. Sulpicius in 25 Awaite the comming of that time, in hope to vse the aduauntage which it affoordeth. 1599 W. Shakespeare v. i. 73 The world affoords no law to make thee rich. View more context for this quotation 1637 J. Battiere Let. in R. Parr (1686) Coll. cxcvi.489 This Kingdom being now in Wars on all sides, doth not afford any great Design for the advancement of Learning. 1665 R. Brathwait 123 Seeing it affords such sweet self-delight to the Sense. 1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn v. 12 The Rocks of Scylla and Charybdis..afforded so much subject Matter to the ancient Poets. 1783 S. Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 26 Aug. in J. Boswell (1831) V. 119 I hope this little journey will afford me at least some suspense of melancholy. 1820 W. Irving Westm. Abbey in vii. 10 The lives of literary men afford no striking themes for the sculptor. 1867 G. MacDonald II. vii. 200 The comfortable confidence afforded by the mask of namelessness. 1898 E. Lyall xli. 404 There certainly was something strange about this gentleman's movements, and he afforded us much amusement. 1929 H. W. Haggard xii. 287 The classical examples of hysteria are afforded by the female saints who were subject to so-called demoniacal obsession. 1980 Apr. 13/2 ‘Access’ and ‘bridging’ courses..will afford access to a range of regular courses to ethnic minority students without standard qualifications. 2000 (Nexis) 1 May 59 The book affords the best one-volumed introduction to its subject. 4. the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide, afford, or yield a1568 R. Ascham (1570) i. f. 21 Two Ientlemen..did breed vp, so many learned men, in that one College of S. Iohns, at one time, as I beleue, the whole Uniuersitie of Louaine, in many yeares, was neuer able to affourd. 1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in 249 The riuer affordoth fishe, the Parckes and forrest yeelde fleshe. 1611 Psalms cxliv. 13 That our garners may bee full, affoording all maner of store. View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Ray 459 Olives..afford most oil when fully ripe. 1700 C. Leigh vii. 134 Mullets are very common, they afford an excellent Nourishment and a delicate Tast. 1756 C. Lucas iii. 238 The gardens afford good supplies of the best esculent vegetables. 1800 W. Somerville Jrnl. 8 Apr. in (1979) i. 35 The Hay..affords delightful pasture for the Elands. 1899 28 384 It is believed to act upon the propeptones and the albumins, affording compounds which are not readily soluble. 1946 H. Woods (ed. 8) 296 The great abundance of algæ..which afford food for numerous phytophagous molluscs. 2006 L. D. Olsen in R. L. Jamieson xi. 71 Steel traps and snares are only superior if the area affords no natural materials for deadfalls. 1574 E. Hake Compendious Fourme Educ. in sig. G3v Lispingly they frame their tongue to that the babe afordes. 1588 R. Greene sig. E He wondred how a country maid could afoord such courtly behauiour. 1618 T. Gainsford ii. xv. 248 The generall contentment, which our English women affoord generally, without sophisticate and adulterate additions, either to comelinesse or fauour. III. transitive. With can, could, or in similar constructions, expressing the capability or possibility of performing the action described: to have the resources for; to be in a position to offer or purchase. Often in negative contexts. the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or dispense with a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 31 (MED) Moni mon hit walde him forȝeuen half oðer þridde lot þenne he iseȝe þet he ne mahte na mare ȝe-forðian. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 39 Nis nan mon swa riche ne swa wrecche þet he ne mei sum þing iforðian. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. l. 201 (MED) Peres..ȝaf hem mete as he myȝte aforth, and mesurable huyre. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 336 Thei myȝten miche more avorthi into almes, than thei that hadden litil. ?1560 H. Rhodes (new ed.) sig. B.iv Their good wil they may litle aforde. 1594 R. Holland To Rdr. sig. Avijv Yet hath it not wonne all men to such liking thereof, that they can affoord much time to reade the one or the other. 1667 J. Milton ix. 912 Should God create another Eve, and I Another Rib afford . View more context for this quotation 1730 S. Dale To Rdr. p. vii He..could not afford more time than perhaps one Day or Two in a Year. 1760 Aug. 95 We cannot afford more room for this article. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xi, in 2nd Ser. II. 330 Any aid which you may afford from the Common Good, to the support of the widow Magdalen and her poor orphans. 1833 H. Martineau (ed. 3) vii. 89 I cannot afford them a quart a day at my own expense. 1876 M. T. P. Mann & L. Noa tr. B. von Marenholtz-Bülow vi. 135 If we lay out public gardens and parks, we shall surely be able to afford the space necessary to build what is needful for the young. 1904 29 June 2/1 The average medical man cannot afford the leisure for the systematic study of..physio-sociological problems. 1959 I. Gershwin 7 If we cut our sheet-music royalty a cent each..some money could be afforded for exploitation. 2007 V. Norris iii. xiii. 156 Sometimes setting aside a whole room for your crafts isn't a good idea, even if you can afford the space. 6. a. With infinitive. the mind > possession > wealth > be rich [verb (intransitive)] > be rich enough to c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 306 Greet lordis mowe avorthi to haue and fynde with her costis officers undir hem forto attende. 1474–5 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1472 3rd Roll §47. m. 6 The boweyers myght aforthe to selle a bowe..for .viij. d. 1569 N. Haward tr. Seneca ii. xii. f. 50 Those [benefits] that ye parents can afforde to bestow vpon their Children. 1630 F. Higginson sig. C2v A poore Seruant here..may afford to giue more wood for Timber & Fire..then many Noble men in England can afford to do. 1662 H. Stubbe ii. 14 They cannot afford to pick or hull their nuts,..for they sell it in the Chocolata-seller for two shillings. 1732 J. Swift Mod. Educ. in III. [IV]. 236 All Families, where there is Wealth enough to afford, that their Sons..may be good for nothing. 1776 Lady A. Miller I. x. 147 Those who cannot afford to keep equipages are here on foot. 1833 H. Martineau (ed. 3) viii. 98 Those who could afford to try new methods. 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. xii Luxuries which few could afford to purchase. 1922 July 218/1 Sufferers who could not afford to pay regular medical fees..were enabled to obtain expert diagnosis and treatment at $1 a call. 1968 S. E. Whitfield in S. E. Whitfield & G. Roddenberry iii. ii. 296 The only way we are going to be able to afford to do this is to write shows that..do not call for location work. 2010 15 Nov. 26/5 Their parents cannot afford to buy them shoes. the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)] 1584 E. Paget tr. J. Calvin Comm. Gospel after John vi. 135 in We are all of vs so far from following him into a desart mountaine, that there is scarse one amongst ten yt can afoord to receiue him at home. 1585 R. Greene f. 21v They can affoorde to laugh at your fond and phantasticall applications. 1630 R. Welstead 1 I can afford to bee at leisure at any time, when my conference may doe any good. 1667 R. Baxter 522 I have been longer in answering this first Objection, than I can afford to be about the rest. 1709 Ld. Shaftesbury ii. i. 44 You can afford to scepticize where no one else will so much as hesitate. 1748 S. Richardson V. xxiii. 204 Each..rejoicing secretly in the manumission, could afford to be complaisantly-sorrowful in appearance. 1814 W. Wordsworth i. 21 He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. View more context for this quotation 1893 A. S. Eccles 49 Busy persons who can ill afford to lay up and be absent from their affairs for some days. 1913 J. J. McGraw (1914) vii. 90 He cannot afford to fumble for a second because the runner will then beat out his throw. 1947 C. Beaton Diary Dec. in (1979) xvi. 198 You can't afford to be dopey about anything that is important in your life. 1979 E. H. Gombrich iv. 104 We can afford to miss or mishear individual sounds or even words without losing the meaning. 2007 19 June 2/1 Humanity can no longer afford to ignore the ‘gravest threat’ of climate change. society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > bear the expense of 1682 T. D'Urfey ii. i. 13 I intend to have a whole Shoulder of Mutton to morrow Dinner, and some Butter in my Cabbage—what, I can afford it now. 1703 T. Baker ii. 20 Some of our Modern Gentry..keep a Coach when they can't afford a Livery, and Starve themselves to Feed their Horses. 1710 S. Centlivre iii. 27 I have not such gay Cloaths as these Gentlefolk have, because I can't afford it. 1785 W. Cowper ii. 652 Her who, frugal only that her thrift May feed excesses she can ill afford. 1808 Principal Occurr. 193/2 He was asked once, how he managed to afford so many new clothes? 1833 H. Martineau (ed. 3) vii. 87 Now they could not afford beer, except a little on Sundays. 1881 29 July 707/2 As it becomes more and more general to carry a watch, the inducement to those able to afford one of high quality to become possessed of one is greater. 1906 G. Kobbé 47 If the person is rich enough to afford ‘period’ rooms, he also can afford a music room. 1960 14 Mar. 65/1 (advt.) A travel trailer makes it easy to afford the kind of trip you like best. 1975 E. Dunlop v. 36 Later owners had enlarged and improved it by tacking bits on as and when they could afford it. 2007 (Midwest ed.) 19 Dec. i. 3/2 Several states allow attorneys to offer limited help to people who can't afford a full-service divorce. society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale > at a certain price 1534 G. Ferrers tr. f. 112v Brewars in cytes ought and may well aforde and sell .ii. galons for .i. d. 1589 J. Rider 22 Non possum tantulo vendere. I cannot afford it at so little price. 1610 R. Vaughan sig. F You Glouer, bought so many thousand Pelts; you may afforde your Gloues at such a rate. 1680 R. Haines 6 We may..afford our Cloth and Draperies cheaper than our Supplanters, in Markets Abroad. 1705 J. Addison 505 They..fill their Magazines in Times of the greatest Plenty, that so they may afford it at a cheaper Price. 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) §116 The stone could be afforded at somewhat less price than Portland. 1838 Nov. 370/2 Those cattle which now sell at 50l. and 100l., might be afforded at 20l. and 30l. 1869 Nov. 95 Attempts to draw trade by..offering goods at lower rates than good articles can really be afforded at. 1912 259 The one-year-old trees can be afforded at a lower price than the older trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  v.OE |
