affricaten.

Brit.

/ˈafrᵻkət/, U.S.

/ˈæfrəkət/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Latin affricātus, affricāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin affricātus, past participle of affricāre affricate v., after German Affrikata, †Affricata (both 1860 or earlier), Affrikate (1876 or earlier; now the usual form). Compare affricated adj. 2 and also affricative n.

Phonetics.

A phoneme which combines a plosive with an immediately following fricative or spirant sharing the same place of articulation, e.g. /tʃ/ as in chair and /dʒ/ as in jar. Also called affricative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > spirant or continuant > affricate

consonantal diphthong1862

consonant diphthong1862

affricate1876

affricative1879

1876 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. II. 675/1 The aspirates ϕ, θ, χ..later..came to be merely spirants (f, Eng. th; Ger. ch), probably through the intermediate stage of affricates.

1895 P. Giles Short Man. Compar. Philol. 70 Another series of sounds which must be..distinguished from spirants and aspirates is the affricates.

1905 L. A. Magnus Respublica 74 Here we might safely say final c is preserved as a sibilant or affricate.

1950 D. Jones Phoneme p. xii The affricate tʃ (Eng. ch).

1992 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 33 243 It would sometimes avoid confusion to indicate sequences forming affricates in foreign languages by a diacritic or by a ligature.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

affricatev.

Brit.

/ˈafrᵻkeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈæfrəˌkeɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affricāt-, affricāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin affricāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of affricāre to rub on or against < ad- ad- prefix + fricāre to rub (see fricate v.). Compare earlier affriction n.In sense 2 in phonetics after affricate n., affricated adj. 2.

†1. transitive. To rub against. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)]

gnidec1000

frot?c1225

gnoddec1230

rudc1300

ruba1325

wipe1362

freta1400

labour?a1475

wrive1481

scrud1483

chafe1526

friga1529

fricace1579

perfricate1598

affricate1656

fricate1716

frictionize1853

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Affricate, to rub upon or against, to grate or crumble.

2. transitive. Phonetics. To change (a sound) into an affricate. Also intransitive: to become an affricate. Cf. affricated adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > spirant > affricate

affricate1893

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (intransitive)] > affricate

affricate1964

1893 K. Fries in Actes du Huitième Congr. Internat. des Orientalistes II. Section 1(b), 61 A t can be affricated and pass into an s (as is the case in modern Danish).

1946 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. (ed. 2) ii. i. 118 He suspects that Ostrogoths affricated medial t between a.d. 553 and 580.

1964 Language 40 26 The sibilant affricated in close juncture with /l/ but did not voice.

1970 L. F. Brosnahan & B. Malmberg Introd. Phonetics vi. 107 All plosives whether voiced or voiceless can be affricated.

2004 C. Holes Mod. Arabic ii. 73 Some Bedouin dialects took the fronting process further, affricating this /g/ to /j/.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affricate
释义	affricaten. Brit. /ˈafrᵻkət/, U.S. /ˈæfrəkət/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Latin affricātus, affricāre. Etymology: < classical Latin affricātus, past participle of affricāre affricate v., after German Affrikata, †Affricata (both 1860 or earlier), Affrikate (1876 or earlier; now the usual form). Compare affricated adj. 2 and also affricative n. Phonetics. A phoneme which combines a plosive with an immediately following fricative or spirant sharing the same place of articulation, e.g. /tʃ/ as in chair and /dʒ/ as in jar. Also called affricative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > spirant or continuant > affricate consonantal diphthong1862 consonant diphthong1862 affricate1876 affricative1879 1876 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. II. 675/1 The aspirates ϕ, θ, χ..later..came to be merely spirants (f, Eng. th; Ger. ch), probably through the intermediate stage of affricates. 1895 P. Giles Short Man. Compar. Philol. 70 Another series of sounds which must be..distinguished from spirants and aspirates is the affricates. 1905 L. A. Magnus Respublica 74 Here we might safely say final c is preserved as a sibilant or affricate. 1950 D. Jones Phoneme p. xii The affricate tʃ (Eng. ch). 1992 Internat. Rev. Appl. Ling. in Lang. Teaching 33 243 It would sometimes avoid confusion to indicate sequences forming affricates in foreign languages by a diacritic or by a ligature. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). affricatev. Brit. /ˈafrᵻkeɪt/, U.S. /ˈæfrəˌkeɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin affricāt-, affricāre. Etymology: < classical Latin affricāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of affricāre to rub on or against < ad- ad- prefix + fricāre to rub (see fricate v.). Compare earlier affriction n.In sense 2 in phonetics after affricate n., affricated adj. 2. †1. transitive. To rub against. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] gnidec1000 frot?c1225 gnoddec1230 rudc1300 ruba1325 wipe1362 freta1400 labour?a1475 wrive1481 scrud1483 chafe1526 friga1529 fricace1579 perfricate1598 affricate1656 fricate1716 frictionize1853 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Affricate, to rub upon or against, to grate or crumble. 2. transitive. Phonetics. To change (a sound) into an affricate. Also intransitive: to become an affricate. Cf. affricated adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > spirant > affricate affricate1893 the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (intransitive)] > affricate affricate1964 1893 K. Fries in Actes du Huitième Congr. Internat. des Orientalistes II. Section 1(b), 61 A t can be affricated and pass into an s (as is the case in modern Danish). 1946 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. (ed. 2) ii. i. 118 He suspects that Ostrogoths affricated medial t between a.d. 553 and 580. 1964 Language 40 26 The sibilant affricated in close juncture with /l/ but did not voice. 1970 L. F. Brosnahan & B. Malmberg Introd. Phonetics vi. 107 All plosives whether voiced or voiceless can be affricated. 2004 C. Holes Mod. Arabic ii. 73 Some Bedouin dialects took the fronting process further, affricating this /g/ to /j/. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1876v.1656
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