afterloadn.
/ˈɑːftələʊd/, /ˈaftələʊd/, U.S. /ˈæftərˌloʊd/ 1. = afterburden n. 2. Now rare.
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1845 Rover 1 Feb. 314/2 He felt that the rash step Celestina was about to take would entail upon her an after load of misery and repentance.
1888 C. A. Stephens Living Matter vi. 106 That time, that season of joy, is when the living matter within our bodies is just reaching the adult condition, expanding and as yet unoppressed by the after-load of life's accidents and scars.
1917 Standard Player Monthly July 9 Each day as you sell a Standard, you can safely estimate your gain—no after-load of repair bills sifting in to eat holes in your profit.
2. Physiology. Originally (in experimental studies of muscle contraction): a load added to a strip of muscle after contraction has begun. In later use also: the force that a ventricle of the heart must generate in order to eject blood (determined largely by vascular resistance). Cf. preload n. 1b.
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > heartbeat > [noun] > types of
palpitation?a1425
panting1440
dunt1768
wallop1824
apex beat1847
afterbeat1853
impulse1873
extrasystole1900
sinus rhythm1911
afterpotential1930
afterload1941
preload1960
1879 H. Sewall in Jrnl. Physiol. 2 184 The restraining action of the magnet may be considered as the influence of a great load or ‘after-load’ upon the muscle.
1895 Jrnl. Physiol. 18 333 I have..kept a frog's heart fed with this and working under a load (Belastung) of 21·5 cm. and under an ‘afterload’ (Ueberlastung) of 3 cm.
1941 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 134 643 To define work, oxygen consumption and efficiency, it is necessary to consider the nature of the load as regards initial load (venous return), and after load (resistance to emptying), as well as in regard to heart size.
1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 27 May 1431/2 Reduction in afterload enhances performance of the failing ventricle by decreasing myocardial wall tension and oxygen requirements.
2007 M. N. Levy & A. J. Pappano Cardiovascular Physiol. (ed. 9) x. 194/1 The analysis is complex, because a change in heart rate alters the other three factors (preload, afterload, and contractility).
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
afterloadv.
/ˈɑːftələʊd/, /ˈaftələʊd/, U.S. /ˈæftərˌloʊd/ 1. transitive. Physiology. To subject (a muscle) to an afterload (afterload n. 2).
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1881 Brain 4 292 In some cases the muscle was ‘afterloaded’, in others the weight was allowed to bear continually on it.
1902 Bryn Mawr College Monogr. 2 126 One muscle of a pair pulled on a spring, during heat contraction, and the other was ‘afterloaded’ with two hundred grams.
1960 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 41 353 The muscles were then..afterloaded with approximately 10g/100mg muscle.
2. transitive. Medicine. In radiotherapy: to load (a previously implanted receptacle) with a radioactive substance; to insert (a radioactive substance) into such a receptacle. Cf. afterloading n. 2.
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1965 Jrnl. Prosthetic Dentistry 15 157 Buccal mucosa may be controlled by implanting radioactive sources, such as radium needles or by afterloading cannulas with iridium and tantalum wires.
1987 Radiology 165 157 The sources can be afterloaded into the same plastic guide needles normally used for Ir-192 ribbons.
2003 K. A. McGinn & P. J. Haylock Women's Cancers (ed. 3) vi. 97 The container is ‘afterloaded’ with a sealed source of radioactive material that is brought to the room in a lead-lined box and inserted with special tongs.
Derivatives
ˈafterloaded adj.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [adjective] > muscle substance of heart > load to overcome at beginning of systole
afterloaded1897
1897 Lancet 27 Feb. 570/2 Heidenhain showed that the same held good for isotonic contractions and that a muscle-twitch is always higher in a loaded than in an after-loaded muscle.
1970 Circulation Res. 26 279 Isometric, afterloaded and isotonic contractions of cat right ventricular papillary muscle were studied in vitro.
2007 Visual Nursing xi. 423/1 In afterloaded internal radiation therapy, a member of the radiation team implants the source while the patient is in her room.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1845
v.1881