chemico-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: 1600s–1700s chymico-, 1700s chimico-, 1700s– chemico-.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin chemico-, chimico-, chymico-.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin chemico-, chimico-, chymico-, combining form (in e.g. chymico-medicus : see chemico-medical adj.) of chemicus (see chemic n. and adj.). Compare physico- comb. form, medico- comb. form.Formations in English are found occasionally from the mid 17th cent. (e.g. chemico-physical adj. at sense 1, chemico-medical adj.) and become common in the 19th cent. Compare also some examples of isolated early formations:1691 R. Boyle Experimenta & Observationes Physicæ sig. B2 ^v Since the common Rule that a potiori parte fit denominatio, will suffice to Warrant, or at least excuse, my giving to this small Collection the Title of ChymicoMagnetical Experiments; because the greatest part were perform'd by the help of the Fire, or Bodies Chymically prepar'd by the Application of it.1714 Bibliotheca Anatomica III. 77 All which we..have already accounted for in general, by the chymico-corpuscularian hypothesis of that noble philosopher Mr. Boyle, to whom all the curious are eternally indebted.1717 D. Turner Syphilis 19 Among some other wonderful ways of receiving this infection, I might have told you that a certain chymico-mathematical quack has acquainted us, with a clap.Chemico- is attested earlier in a tripartite compound, mathematico-chymico-mechanical:1657 J. Evelyn Let. 9 May in R. Boyle Wks. (1772) VI. 287 Rather, I conceived, that a true and ingenious discovery of those, and the like arts, would, to better purpose, be compiled for the use of that mathematico-chymico-mechanical school, designed by our noble friend Dr. Wilkinson. Similar compounds with three or more elements are common in post-classical Latin from the 17th cent., e.g. medico-chemico-chirurgicus (1658), medico-galeno-chymico-pharmaceuticus (1661), physico-chymico-medicus (1670), philosophicoethico-chymico-medicus (1682), historico-physico-botanico-chymicotherapeuticus (1684).

1. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or relating to chemistry and ——’; ‘of or relating to the chemical branch of ——’.

chemico-agricultural adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌaɡrᵻˈkʌltʃ(ə)rəl/

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌaɡrᵻˈkʌltʃ(ə)rl̩/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌæɡrəˈkəltʃ(ə)rəl/

ΚΠ

1847 Times 3 May 6/3 Extract from the proceedings of the Chemico-Agricultural Society of Ulster.

1945 D. R. Koolhaas in P. Honig & F. Verdoorn Sci. & Scientists in Netherlands Indies 216 Upon the occasion of the 50 years' existence of the Chemico-Agricultural Laboratory I hope to describe this work in greater detail.

† chemico-animal adj. Biology Obsolete both chemical and vital; physiological or metabolic.

ΚΠ

1794 E. Darwin Zoonomia I. 306 If the chemico-animal process of digestion be stopped for but a moment,..a great quantity of air is generated, by the fermentation, which instantly succeeds the stop of digestion.

1803 W. B. Johnson Hist. Progr. & Present State Animal Chem. III. 9 According to Hufeland, life is a chemico-animal flame to the production of which oxygen is absolutely necessary.

1844 J. Sappington & F. Stith Theory & Treatm. Fevers 35 So important a part does the phenomenon of chemico-animal heat perform in the animal economy, that some deluded minds have been simple enough to contend that heat is life.

chemico-crystallographical adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌkrɪstələˈɡrafᵻkl/

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌkrɪstl̩əˈɡrafᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌkrɪstələˈɡræfək(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1888 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 25 171 Those who propose a chemico-crystallographic scheme like that of Groth.

2003 Dyes & Pigments 59 14/2 Side-linking of the stacks is a chemico-crystallographic route to further increase the insolubility.

chemico-electric adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊᵻˈlɛktrɪk/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊəˈlɛktrɪk/

/ˌkɛməkoʊiˈlɛktrɪk/

ΚΠ

1829 Man. for Invalids xiii. 177 The various poisons of a vegetable or narcotic nature..act by a chemico-electric power upon the nerve.

1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 37 274 Rise of temperature diminishes in certain cases the chemico-electric potential of a metal in an electrolyte.

1971 Microelectronics & Reliability 10 53/1 Chemico-electric effects.

chemico-mineralogical adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌmɪn(ə)rəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌmɪn(ə)rəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/

[compare post-classical Latin chemico-mineralogica (1751)]

ΚΠ

1789 C. R. Hopson Gen. Syst. Chem. ii. i. iv. 450 Henry Hagen's chemico-mineralogical Investigation of a remarkable blue earth for dying.

1883 Science 13 Apr. 285/2 Meteoric iron..has recently been studied quite thoroughly from the chemico-mineralogical point of view.

2004 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 37 381 The failure to recognize the difference between botanical and mineralogical characters has caused much confusion in histories of eighteenth-century chemico-mineralogical systematics.

† chemico-nutritive adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 5 Internal chemico-nutritive changes.

1886 Lancet 26 June 1232/1 There are idiosyncrasies which may..be taken advantage of to check the tendency to form fat, but these specialties of chemico-nutritive function are by no means common.

chemico-physical adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈfɪzᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˈfɪzək(ə)l/

[compare post-classical Latin chymico-physica (1662), and physico-chemical adj.]

ΚΠ

1661 R. Boyle (title) The Sceptical Chymist: or chymico-physical doubts & paradoxes, touching the spagyrist's principles commonly call'd hypostatical; as they are wont to be propos'd and defended by the generality of alchymists.

1747 Philos. Trans. Abridged 1732–44 (Royal Soc.) 9 iii. x. 352 Lastly..I shall produce only one, my primary, and indisputable, regulating, chymico-physical Argument.

1842 Lancet 29 Oct. 171/1 (title) The functions of animal life only chemico-physical processes.

1932 Science 30 Sept. 288/2 The nature of the mutation process—..the chemico-physical changes involved when a gene changes to a new one.

2000 Epidemiol. & Infection 125 455 EEC directive 76/160 requires member states to apply microbiological and chemico-physical standards for the quality of recreational waters.

chemico-physiological adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌfɪzɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌfɪziəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/

[compare post-classical Latin chemico-physiologica (1794; 1683 as chymico-physiologica)]

ΚΠ

?1794 H. Moises Treat. Blood 19 Vanhelmont, Sylvius, and other chymico physiologists.]

1795 G. Schmeisser tr. J. J. von Uslar (title) Chemico-physiological observations on plants [Ger. Fragmente neuerer Pflanzenkunde].

1835 Lancet 1 Aug. 272/2 Chemico-physiological examination of the blood of the vena porta.

1934 Probl. Mental Disorder xvi. 322 Viewed in the light of possible somatic (chemicophysiological) disturbances, it is conceivable that anxiety has one such..basis, depression another.

2003 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 116 472 The experiment in question was not a physiological but a chemico-physiological one.

† chemico-theological adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics II. viii. vii. 80 His arbitrary chemico-theological terminology.

chemico-vital adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈvʌɪtl/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˈvaɪd(ə)l/

ΚΠ

1831 J. Pancoast tr. J. F. Lobstein Treat. Human Sympathetic Nerve ii. 108 The heart and arterial system are excited to quicker actions; the chemico-vital processes become more rapid.

1909 Lancet 13 Nov. 1437/1 The chemico-vital processes of the tissues of the body.

1919 J. H. Kellog Itinerary of Breakfast 18 The crude materials which we eat cannot be used for blood making or tissue building until they have been reduced to simple, homogenous elements and refined and modified by various chemico-vital processes.

2. Forming nouns denoting the chemical branch of a particular subject.

chemico-engineering n.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪərɪŋ/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/

ΚΠ

1867 Nature & Art June 196 The chemico-engineering triumphs of lime-lighted stage carpentry for which our pits and galleries annually award..ovations.

1897 Daily News 2 June 7/4 Prof. Dewar's magnificent chemico-engineering laboratory.

2002 Pure & Appl. Chem. 74 2119 The industrial glass-melting process involves a set of..processes that can be best described and controlled by applying a chemico-engineering approach.

chemico-physics n.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈfɪzɪks/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˈfɪzɪks/

ΚΠ

1873 Chicago Med. Jrnl. 30 64 The following appointments..are detailed from memory..P. S. Hayes, M.D., Chemico-Physics.

1899 Lancet 25 Mar. 842/2 The study of chemico-physics is equal in importance to the study of pure chemistry itself.

2005 Semiconductor Sci. & Technol. 20 526/1 A main equation which is widely used in chemicophysics is adopted here.

chemico-biologic adj. of or relating to chemico-biology; biochemical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > biochemistry

biochemic1855

biochemical1867

physiochemical1887

chemico-biologic1898

1898 W. M. L. Coplin Man. Pathol. (ed. 2) ii. viii. 306 (table) Products of growth:..Acids..alkalies..other chemicobiologic reaction or product.

1936 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 32 489/1 Genuine pancreatic necrosis is a purely chemico-biologic process.

2002 Cellular Signalling 14 880/2 (caption) The basic mechanisms mediating reduction-oxidation (redox) concepts in chemico-biologic interactions.

chemico-biology n.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒi/

the chemistry of metabolic processes; biochemistry.

ΚΠ

1886 Lancet 30 Oct. 830/1 (heading) Chemico-biology of micro-organisms and ptomaines.

1916 M. W. Keatinge Stud. in Educ. vii. 156 The reactions of a plant and of nervous tissue in the organism are dealt with by chemico-biology.

2003 Med. Hypotheses 60 416/1 The intrinsic chemico-biology of individual types of molecules.

chemico-dynamic adj.

Brit.

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊdʌɪˈnamɪk/

/ˌkɛmᵻkəʊdᵻˈnamɪk/

U.S.

/ˌkɛməkoʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪk/

now rare relating to, involving, or bringing about the transformation of chemical energy into the energy of motion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [adjective] > relating to force in operation > specific

chemico-dynamic1850

1850 Retrospect Med. 21 85 When he wishes to produce a chemical or chemico-dynamic, rather than a dynamic action, he employs Volta's, Wollaston's, or Daniell's pile.

1895 Science 5 Apr. 367/1 The animal prime mover is very probably an example of an exceedingly highly organized and efficient chemico-dynamic motor.

1928 Daily Express 12 Sept. 11/4 The original structure of these cells is a chemico-dynamic structure which requires oxygen..to preserve it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	chemico-
释义	chemico-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: 1600s–1700s chymico-, 1700s chimico-, 1700s– chemico-. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin chemico-, chimico-, chymico-. Etymology: < post-classical Latin chemico-, chimico-, chymico-, combining form (in e.g. chymico-medicus : see chemico-medical adj.) of chemicus (see chemic n. and adj.). Compare physico- comb. form, medico- comb. form.Formations in English are found occasionally from the mid 17th cent. (e.g. chemico-physical adj. at sense 1, chemico-medical adj.) and become common in the 19th cent. Compare also some examples of isolated early formations:1691 R. Boyle Experimenta & Observationes Physicæ sig. B2 ^v Since the common Rule that a potiori parte fit denominatio, will suffice to Warrant, or at least excuse, my giving to this small Collection the Title of ChymicoMagnetical Experiments; because the greatest part were perform'd by the help of the Fire, or Bodies Chymically prepar'd by the Application of it.1714 Bibliotheca Anatomica III. 77 All which we..have already accounted for in general, by the chymico-corpuscularian hypothesis of that noble philosopher Mr. Boyle, to whom all the curious are eternally indebted.1717 D. Turner Syphilis 19 Among some other wonderful ways of receiving this infection, I might have told you that a certain chymico-mathematical quack has acquainted us, with a clap.Chemico- is attested earlier in a tripartite compound, mathematico-chymico-mechanical:1657 J. Evelyn Let. 9 May in R. Boyle Wks. (1772) VI. 287 Rather, I conceived, that a true and ingenious discovery of those, and the like arts, would, to better purpose, be compiled for the use of that mathematico-chymico-mechanical school, designed by our noble friend Dr. Wilkinson. Similar compounds with three or more elements are common in post-classical Latin from the 17th cent., e.g. medico-chemico-chirurgicus (1658), medico-galeno-chymico-pharmaceuticus (1661), physico-chymico-medicus (1670), philosophicoethico-chymico-medicus (1682), historico-physico-botanico-chymicotherapeuticus (1684). 1. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or relating to chemistry and ——’; ‘of or relating to the chemical branch of ——’. chemico-agricultural adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌaɡrᵻˈkʌltʃ(ə)rəl/ , /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌaɡrᵻˈkʌltʃ(ə)rl̩/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌæɡrəˈkəltʃ(ə)rəl/ ΚΠ 1847 Times 3 May 6/3 Extract from the proceedings of the Chemico-Agricultural Society of Ulster. 1945 D. R. Koolhaas in P. Honig & F. Verdoorn Sci. & Scientists in Netherlands Indies 216 Upon the occasion of the 50 years' existence of the Chemico-Agricultural Laboratory I hope to describe this work in greater detail. † chemico-animal adj. Biology Obsolete both chemical and vital; physiological or metabolic. ΚΠ 1794 E. Darwin Zoonomia I. 306 If the chemico-animal process of digestion be stopped for but a moment,..a great quantity of air is generated, by the fermentation, which instantly succeeds the stop of digestion. 1803 W. B. Johnson Hist. Progr. & Present State Animal Chem. III. 9 According to Hufeland, life is a chemico-animal flame to the production of which oxygen is absolutely necessary. 1844 J. Sappington & F. Stith Theory & Treatm. Fevers 35 So important a part does the phenomenon of chemico-animal heat perform in the animal economy, that some deluded minds have been simple enough to contend that heat is life. chemico-crystallographical adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌkrɪstələˈɡrafᵻkl/ , /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌkrɪstl̩əˈɡrafᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌkrɪstələˈɡræfək(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1888 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 25 171 Those who propose a chemico-crystallographic scheme like that of Groth. 2003 Dyes & Pigments 59 14/2 Side-linking of the stacks is a chemico-crystallographic route to further increase the insolubility. chemico-electric adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊᵻˈlɛktrɪk/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊəˈlɛktrɪk/ , /ˌkɛməkoʊiˈlɛktrɪk/ ΚΠ 1829 Man. for Invalids xiii. 177 The various poisons of a vegetable or narcotic nature..act by a chemico-electric power upon the nerve. 1884 Proc. Royal Soc. 37 274 Rise of temperature diminishes in certain cases the chemico-electric potential of a metal in an electrolyte. 1971 Microelectronics & Reliability 10 53/1 Chemico-electric effects. chemico-mineralogical adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌmɪn(ə)rəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌmɪn(ə)rəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/ [compare post-classical Latin chemico-mineralogica (1751)] ΚΠ 1789 C. R. Hopson Gen. Syst. Chem. ii. i. iv. 450 Henry Hagen's chemico-mineralogical Investigation of a remarkable blue earth for dying. 1883 Science 13 Apr. 285/2 Meteoric iron..has recently been studied quite thoroughly from the chemico-mineralogical point of view. 2004 Brit. Jrnl. Hist. Sci. 37 381 The failure to recognize the difference between botanical and mineralogical characters has caused much confusion in histories of eighteenth-century chemico-mineralogical systematics. † chemico-nutritive adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1880 H. C. Bastian Brain 5 Internal chemico-nutritive changes. 1886 Lancet 26 June 1232/1 There are idiosyncrasies which may..be taken advantage of to check the tendency to form fat, but these specialties of chemico-nutritive function are by no means common. chemico-physical adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈfɪzᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˈfɪzək(ə)l/ [compare post-classical Latin chymico-physica (1662), and physico-chemical adj.] ΚΠ 1661 R. Boyle (title) The Sceptical Chymist: or chymico-physical doubts & paradoxes, touching the spagyrist's principles commonly call'd hypostatical; as they are wont to be propos'd and defended by the generality of alchymists. 1747 Philos. Trans. Abridged 1732–44 (Royal Soc.) 9 iii. x. 352 Lastly..I shall produce only one, my primary, and indisputable, regulating, chymico-physical Argument. 1842 Lancet 29 Oct. 171/1 (title) The functions of animal life only chemico-physical processes. 1932 Science 30 Sept. 288/2 The nature of the mutation process—..the chemico-physical changes involved when a gene changes to a new one. 2000 Epidemiol. & Infection 125 455 EEC directive 76/160 requires member states to apply microbiological and chemico-physical standards for the quality of recreational waters. chemico-physiological adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌfɪzɪəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌfɪziəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/ [compare post-classical Latin chemico-physiologica (1794; 1683 as chymico-physiologica)] ΚΠ ?1794 H. Moises Treat. Blood 19 Vanhelmont, Sylvius, and other chymico physiologists.] 1795 G. Schmeisser tr. J. J. von Uslar (title) Chemico-physiological observations on plants [Ger. Fragmente neuerer Pflanzenkunde]. 1835 Lancet 1 Aug. 272/2 Chemico-physiological examination of the blood of the vena porta. 1934 Probl. Mental Disorder xvi. 322 Viewed in the light of possible somatic (chemicophysiological) disturbances, it is conceivable that anxiety has one such..basis, depression another. 2003 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 116 472 The experiment in question was not a physiological but a chemico-physiological one. † chemico-theological adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics II. viii. vii. 80 His arbitrary chemico-theological terminology. chemico-vital adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈvʌɪtl/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˈvaɪd(ə)l/ ΚΠ 1831 J. Pancoast tr. J. F. Lobstein Treat. Human Sympathetic Nerve ii. 108 The heart and arterial system are excited to quicker actions; the chemico-vital processes become more rapid. 1909 Lancet 13 Nov. 1437/1 The chemico-vital processes of the tissues of the body. 1919 J. H. Kellog Itinerary of Breakfast 18 The crude materials which we eat cannot be used for blood making or tissue building until they have been reduced to simple, homogenous elements and refined and modified by various chemico-vital processes. 2. Forming nouns denoting the chemical branch of a particular subject. chemico-engineering n. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˌɛn(d)ʒᵻˈnɪərɪŋ/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌɛndʒəˈnɪrɪŋ/ ΚΠ 1867 Nature & Art June 196 The chemico-engineering triumphs of lime-lighted stage carpentry for which our pits and galleries annually award..ovations. 1897 Daily News 2 June 7/4 Prof. Dewar's magnificent chemico-engineering laboratory. 2002 Pure & Appl. Chem. 74 2119 The industrial glass-melting process involves a set of..processes that can be best described and controlled by applying a chemico-engineering approach. chemico-physics n. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊˈfɪzɪks/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˈfɪzɪks/ ΚΠ 1873 Chicago Med. Jrnl. 30 64 The following appointments..are detailed from memory..P. S. Hayes, M.D., Chemico-Physics. 1899 Lancet 25 Mar. 842/2 The study of chemico-physics is equal in importance to the study of pure chemistry itself. 2005 Semiconductor Sci. & Technol. 20 526/1 A main equation which is widely used in chemicophysics is adopted here. 3. chemico-biologic adj. of or relating to chemico-biology; biochemical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > biochemistry biochemic1855 biochemical1867 physiochemical1887 chemico-biologic1898 1898 W. M. L. Coplin Man. Pathol. (ed. 2) ii. viii. 306 (table) Products of growth:..Acids..alkalies..other chemicobiologic reaction or product. 1936 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 32 489/1 Genuine pancreatic necrosis is a purely chemico-biologic process. 2002 Cellular Signalling 14 880/2 (caption) The basic mechanisms mediating reduction-oxidation (redox) concepts in chemico-biologic interactions. chemico-biology n. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊbʌɪˈɒlədʒi/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌbaɪˈɑlədʒi/ the chemistry of metabolic processes; biochemistry. ΚΠ 1886 Lancet 30 Oct. 830/1 (heading) Chemico-biology of micro-organisms and ptomaines. 1916 M. W. Keatinge Stud. in Educ. vii. 156 The reactions of a plant and of nervous tissue in the organism are dealt with by chemico-biology. 2003 Med. Hypotheses 60 416/1 The intrinsic chemico-biology of individual types of molecules. chemico-dynamic adj. Brit. /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊdʌɪˈnamɪk/ , /ˌkɛmᵻkəʊdᵻˈnamɪk/ , U.S. /ˌkɛməkoʊˌdaɪˈnæmɪk/ now rare relating to, involving, or bringing about the transformation of chemical energy into the energy of motion. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > dynamics > [adjective] > relating to force in operation > specific chemico-dynamic1850 1850 Retrospect Med. 21 85 When he wishes to produce a chemical or chemico-dynamic, rather than a dynamic action, he employs Volta's, Wollaston's, or Daniell's pile. 1895 Science 5 Apr. 367/1 The animal prime mover is very probably an example of an exceedingly highly organized and efficient chemico-dynamic motor. 1928 Daily Express 12 Sept. 11/4 The original structure of these cells is a chemico-dynamic structure which requires oxygen..to preserve it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1661
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