α. 1500s– chemistry.
β. 1600s chimistry, 1600s chymistrie, 1600s–1800s (1900s– historical) chymistry.
单词 | chemistry |
释义 | chemistryn.α. 1500s– chemistry. β. 1600s chimistry, 1600s chymistrie, 1600s–1800s (1900s– historical) chymistry. 1. The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances; (in early use also) alchemy.applied, biological, inorganic, nuclear, organic, physical, polymer chemistry, etc.: see the first element.In early use the terms chemistry and alchemy are often indistinguishable. Later (post-c1700), alchemy began to be distinguished as referring to the pursuit of goals increasingly regarded as unscientific and illusory, such as the transmutation of metals into gold (see Early Sci. & Med. 3 32–65 (1998)). The use of the term chemistry to describe such practices became increasingly archaic and historical. Beginning in the late 20th cent. the otherwise obsolete spelling chymistry (cf. quot. 19942) was deliberately adopted to differentiate the early, transitional science from the discipline of ‘modern’ chemistry as practised from the 18th cent. onward. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > [noun] alchemyc1390 alchemistry1569 alchimistie1578 spagyric1593 chemistry1605 the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > [noun] chemistry1605 chymics1658 chemy1733 proto-chemistry1962 the world > matter > chemistry > chemistry as a science > [noun] > applied chemistry chemistry1605 chem1910 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. i. 3 Those Phylosophers which have written of Chymistrie. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 360 A certain professor of Chymistry (which is a kinde of præstigious, covetous, cheating Magick) would shew hands and feet of gold, etc. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Chymistry, is an Art that performs its Operations upon all natural Bodies. 1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Chymistry,..is the Anatomy of natural Bodies by Fire. 1766 Compl. Farmer at Vegetable Vegetables, according to the analyses made of them by chemistry, are distinguishable into two grand tribes, the acid and the alkaline. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 109 These memoirs [sc. of Lamarck] exhibit a new theory of chemistry. 1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude xiii. 263 The fact made known to us by chymistry. 1895 Science 18 Oct. 506/1 How far shall the periodic law be followed in teaching chemistry? 1905 Speaker 26 Aug. 499/1 In chemistry..transmutability has survived merely as a wild and hopeless surmise. 1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. xiii. 191 If you are keen on chemistry, you will find an early Penguin book called Explosives fascinating. 1994 New Scientist 29 Jan. 16/1 Two of chemistry's most commonplace elements, hydrogen and oxygen, have been combined to produce an unexpected new compound, hydrogen trioxide. 1994 W. R. Newman Gehennical Fire p. xii In order to..offer a reminder that the next three-hundred-odd pages are set in the seventeenth century rather than our own, I shall occasionally employ the archaic term chymistry. By this I mean the totality of chemical/alchemical technology and theory as it existed in early modern Europe. 2007 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 23 Feb. 10 Around half the pupils indicated that they intended to take a science subject beyond GCSE..but only 18 per cent wanted to study chemistry or physics. 2. The Paracelsian or iatrochemical theory or practice of medicine. Cf. chemical adj. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > medical theories or doctrines > [noun] > Paracelsianism or iatromechanics chemistry1645 Paracelsianism1668 iatrochemistry1830 iatromathematics1830 iatromechanism1885 iatromechanics1886 iatrophysics1886 1645 Char. Oxf.-incendiary 7 A Charme for the Gout, or an Ague, beyond all the Magneticks in Chymistry. 1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 245 The Chymistry of the Galenical Tribe is a ridiculous..and..dangerous Empericism. 1674 R. Godfrey Var. Injuries in Physick 171 Perverse I say, for such as Purge and Vomit I can assure you deserve no better Name, and no little defame Chymistry. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 96 The great Plenty of generous Medicines, which Chymistry affords us. 1799 W. Blair Ess. Venereal Dis. i. 19 I am very far from insinuating that experimental chymistry has been useless in the practice of medicine; but I would guard young practitioners against that licentious spirit of innovation. 1822 C. Mackenzie One Thousand Exper. in Chem. (new ed.) xv The beginning of the sixteenth century was remarkable for a great revolution produced in the European practice of physic, by means of chemistry. 1901 A. C. Fraser in G. Berkeley Wks. III. 130 (note) Berkeley repeatedly refers in Siris to the Paracelsic chemistry. 2005 Nature 6 Jan. 17/2 When Paracelsus introduced chemistry into medicine..in the early seventeenth century, this image of the gazed-at flask transferred itself from medicine to ‘chymistry’, and subsequently became so much a part of the subject′s visual language that it is alive and well today. 3. The chemical composition and properties of a substance or group of substances; (also) the chemical reactions and processes involved in a particular activity, or associated with a particular body, organism, etc. Also as a count noun. Frequently with of. ΚΠ 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 100 An oleaginous kinde of wild hony, not confected by the Chymistry of Bees, but distilling from the Retort of the inferior Aër. 1729 B. Mandeville Fable Bees ii. v. 237 We make Use of Fermentation, and all the Chymistry of Nature. 1751 H. Jackson in T. Hudson Ode on Masonry 14 It has already been observed..that the Chemistry of Metals and Masonry are almost coeval with Mankind. 1832 Lancet 8 Sept. 723/2 Sir Charles Scudamore, in treating of the pneumatic physiology and chemistry of the blood, has described an experiment of similar import to our own. 1876 J. P. Norris Rudim. Theol. i. 10 Plants by their curious chemistry preparing..food. 1932 R. Robison Significance Phosphoric Esters in Metabolism i. 33 The central position in the chemistry of muscular contraction..has been partly usurped by a new phosphoric ester, phosphagen. 1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 87 To understand the chemistry of soap-making, we have to start with natural fats and oils. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 2 Sept. 529/2 Although both types of pollution are called ‘smog’ by the residents involved, their appearance and chemistries are..dissimilar. 1991 Univ. Maryland Graduate School Catal. 1991–3 56/3 Several theories of bonding are discussed, as well as..the chemistry of transition metals. 2007 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 Sept. b4 The icebreaker trip will see the oceanographers study water chemistry in the Coronation Gulf area. 4. Mysterious agency or change, such as that produced by alchemy; (in later use) spec. instinctual attraction or rapport between two or more people. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > attraction, allurement, or enticement > [noun] tightingc1000 tolling?c1225 ticement1303 enticinga1340 ticinga1400 atticement1483 allure1534 luring1547 enticement1549 allurement1561 allurance1574 alluring1579 illurement1582 attraction1591 lurement1592 till1596 invitation1602 tract1620 illecebration1624 prolectation1625 invitement1627 inescation1645 inveiglement1653 allectation1656 tracture1658 solicitation1676 drumming1833 come-hither1835 chemistry1898 come-hitherness1918 the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > [noun] > attraction or affinity between people chemistry1898 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 18 How..can [you] by the Chimistry of your wits extract from these places any drop or quintessence of a morall command? 1757 W. Thompson Gondibert & Birtha iv. ii. 409 I'll teach your Chains to sit more easy on you, And by the powerful Chemistry of Love Their Iron soften or convert to Gold. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. iii. 119 With infernal chemistry to wring The last sweet drop from sorrow's cup of gall. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxviii. 210 We mortals have a strange spiritual chemistry going on within us. 1898 G. B. Shaw You never can Tell ii. 270 No, no, no. Not love: we know better than that. Let's call it chemistry... Well, youre attracting me irresistibly—chemically. 1949 Nevada State Jrnl. 1 Sept. 4/5 I don't detect any of that old chemistry between him and her. 1974 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 Dec. 6/2 The chemistry is not perfect but it may be good enough to permit them to settle some of the irritants in the..relationship. 1997 Time Out 10 Sept. 177/4 Sexual chemistry between him and on-screen spouse Foster falls well below measurable levels. 2004 B Dec. 159/3 The chemistry between you is so strong you'll be convinced it's fate. Compounds C1. General attributive, as chemistry experiment, chemistry laboratory, chemistry student, chemistry teacher, etc. ΚΠ 1810 L. de Boisgelin Trav. Denmark & Sweden II. xv. 256 The Mineralogical Cabinet, under the direction of M. Afgelius, chemistry professor, is classed according to Cronstedt's system. 1830 T. Thomson Hist. Chem. I. xi. 133 In the year 1796, or nine years after the appearance of the new nomenclature, when I attended the chemistry-class in the College of Edinburgh, it was..in common use. 1890 Lancet 5 Apr. 779/2 On Tuesday night an explosion and a fire occurred at this school in the two back rooms on the ground floor, used as a chemistry laboratory. 1943 Sci. & Mech. Spring 55/1 The tiny chemistry apparatus is a part of the laboratories' microchemical section. 1948 Life 6 Sept. 37/1 (advt.) As any high school chemistry student knows, CO2 will not burn. 1987 A. Nickon & E. F. Silversmith Org. Chem.: Name Game xix. 269 But ‘chiral’ derives from the Greek cheir (‘hand’), the chemistry teacher's ever-present example of a dissymmetric object. 2002 A. Davies Frog King 178 A botched chemistry experiment: a little sulfur, a little lithium, a little Harry Driscoll, and—whoopsie daisy—a lethal reaction. C2. chemistry set n. an educational toy comprising apparatus and reagents for performing simple chemical experiments; also in extended use. ΚΠ 1919 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 14 Nov. 26/3 (advt.) Wireless Outfits, Electrical Sets, Toy Making Sets, Chemistry Sets. 1923 Elem. School Jrnl. 24 117 No better evidence of this interest in manipulating materials is needed than the popularity of the various toy chemistry sets now on the market. 1963 R. Craft in I. Stravinsky & R. Craft Dialogues & Diary 152 From Antofagasta to Santiago the desert is a spilled chemistry set—copper, cobalt, rufous, laterite, sodium, sulfur. 2003 C. Burgess et al. Fallen Astronauts iii. 137 He happily spent hours in his own private laboratory, experimenting with his chemistry set and tinkering with broken radios. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1605 |
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