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单词 chinch
释义

chinchn.1

/tʃɪntʃ/
Forms: 1600s chince, 1600s–1700s chink, 1700s chintse, 1800s chintz, 1600s– chinch. See also cimex n.
Etymology: < Spanish chinche, Italian cimice < Latin cimic-em bug.
1. The bed- or house-bug. (A name now confined to U.S.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > member of Capsidae or Miridae > cimex lectularius (bed-bug)
punaisec1530
wall-louse1540
cimex1585
bug1622
chincha1640
want-louse1655
wiglouse1658
bedbug1740
B. flat1853
Norfolk Howard1862
mahogany flat1864
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Loves Pilgrimage i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaaaaaa v/1 Theo. Will you shew me in. Host. Yes marry will I Sir, And pray that not a flea, or a chink vex you.
1665 Voy. E.-India in G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 372 We were very much troubled with Chinches.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries (1738) I. 352 Chinces, or wall-lice, which are very noisome..by their bitings in the night-time.
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 16 The Floor, so furnished with Chinches.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 471 For the most part the Bedsteds in Italy are all forged of Iron gilded, since tis impossible to keepe the wooden ones from the Chimices.
a1705 J. Ray Historia Insectorum 7 Cimex, the Chinche, or Wall-louse..in Angliâ paucis noti.
1730 J. Southall Treat. Buggs 7 He..asked if Chintses (so Buggs are by Negroes and some others there called), had bit me?
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. iii. 434 The Chink or Bug..very common in Jamaica.
1844 G. W. Kendall Narr. Santa Fé Exped. II. xi. 229 Scarcely had we touched the mattresses before we were visited by myriads of chinches!
1851 R. F. Burton Goa 4 The impolite animal which the transatlantics delicately designate a ‘chintz’.
2. chinch-bug, chink-bug (U.S.): ‘an insect or bug, resembling the bed-bug in its disgusting odour, which is very destructive to wheat and other grasses’ (Webster); also chinch-bug fly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > unspecified types > chinch-bug
chinch-bug1750
1750 G. Hughes Nat. Hist. Barbados 84 The Buonavista Chink. This is a small green flattish fly..and smells, when killed, like a bug.
1785 in Southern Lit. Messenger 28 (1852) 38/1 The devastation of the Chintz bug, which since harvest have infested the Indian corn.
1786 G. Washington Diary (1925) III. 97 Examined the..corn in several parts of this field and discovered more or less of the Chinch bug on every stalk.
1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. I. vi. 170 America suffers..in its wheat and maize from the attack of an insect..which, for what reason I know not, is called the chintz-bug-fly.
1873 J. H. Beadle Undeveloped West xiii. 225 Its [sc. wheat's] principal enemy is the chintz bug, so called here.
1886 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 356 Corn destroyed by the chinch-bug.
1887 Standard 19 Sept. 2/2 (Iowa) The damage done by chinch bugs.
1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles v. 82 The chinchbug, Blissus leucopterus, is an important cereal pest in North America which has spread rapidly over vast areas—this spread is paralleled in western Europe by the recent spread of our single British species.
1959 T. R. E. Southwood & D. Leston Land & Water Bugs Brit. Isles v. 82 Ischnodemus sabuleti (Fallén), European chinchbug.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

chinchn.1adj.

Brit. /tʃɪn(t)ʃ/, U.S. /tʃɪn(t)ʃ/
Forms:

α. Middle English chiche, Middle English chyche.

β. Middle English–1500s chinche, Middle English–1500s chynche, Middle English–1500s chynch, 1900s– chinch.

γ. 1900s– chince.

N.E.D. (1889) also records a form Middle English chynshe.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French chinche, chiche.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman chinche, Anglo-Norman and Old French chiche, chice, adjective (late 12th cent.; Middle French, French chiche ) and noun (13th cent. or earlier; rare in Middle French), probably < a base expressive of smallness which underlies French chichi chichi n.1 and probably also Spanish chico small (see chica n.2). In later use perhaps re-formed as a back-formation < chinchy adj. In the passage cited in quot. c1300 at sense B., chinche rhymes with riche rich adj., suggesting that an earlier version of the text may have used one of the α. forms.
U.S. colloquial in later use (chiefly in the South and South Midland regions).
A. n.1
A mean or miserly person. In early use also more generally: †an unpleasant or reprehensible person (obsolete).Later use may show an independent re-formation after chinchy adj.In quot. ?a1300 as one of a list of nicknames for the hare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person
nithinga1225
chinch?a1300
nigc1300
chincher1333
shut-purse1340
niggardc1384
haynec1386
nigona1400
pinchera1425
pinchpenny?c1425
pynepenya1450
pelt1511
chincherda1529
churl1535
pinchbeck1538
carl?1542
penny-father1549
nipfarthing1566
nipper?1573
holdfast1576
pinchpence1577
pinch fistc1580
pinchfart1592
shit-sticks1598
clunchfist1606
puckfist1606
sharp-nose1611
spare-good1611
crib1622
hog grubber?1626
dry-fist1633
clusterfist1652
niggardling1654
frummer1659
scrat1699
sting-hum1699
nipcheese1785
pincha1825
screw1825
wire-drawer1828
close-fist1861
penny-pincher1875
nip-skin1876
parer1887
pinch-plum1892
cheapskate1899
meanie1902
tightwad1906
stinge1914
penny-peeler1925
mean1938
stiff1967
the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth
chinch?a1300
wretch1303
chincher1333
muckererc1390
mokerarda1400
muglard1440
gatherer?a1513
hoarder?a1513
warner1513
hardhead1519
snudge1545
cob1548
snidge1548
muckmonger1566
mucker1567
miser?1577
scrape-penny1584
money-miser1586
gromwell-gainer1588
muckscrape1589
muckworm1598
scrib1600
muckraker1601
morkin-gnoff1602
scrape-scall1602
incubo1607
accumulator1611
gripe-money1611
scrape-good1611
silver-hider1611
gripe1621
scrapeling1629
clutch1630
scrape-pelfa1640
volpone1672
spare-penny1707
save-all1729
bagger1740
spare-thrift1803
money-codger1818
hunger-rot1828
muckrake1850
muckthrift1852
gripe-penny1860
hugger-mugger1862
Scrooge1940
?a1300 Names Hare (Digby 86) in Proc. Leeds Philos. & Lit. Soc. (1935) 6 351 (MED) The chiche, the couart.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4814 (MED) Such an other chinche as he Men wisten noght in al the lond.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12972 Yeitt can þat chinche wit godd to chide.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 605 Þe gentyl Cheuentayn is no chyche.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 136 (MED) A woman shulde not be a chiche of that she hathe in gret plente.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Liii/1 A binch, scannum.., a chince [sic], parcus, a finch..achantis.
1949 Proc. Amer. Dial. Soc. 11 19 Chinch, chince, stingy person.
1963 J. O. Killens And then we heard Thunder iv. 50 ‘Come on, man!’ Bookworm said. ‘Don't be no chinch.’
B. adj.
Miserly, parsimonious, mean. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [adjective]
gnedec900
gripplea1000
fastOE
narrow-hearteda1200
narrow?c1225
straitc1290
chinchc1300
nithinga1325
scarcec1330
clama1340
hard1340
scantc1366
sparingc1386
niggardc1400
chinchy?1406
retentivea1450
niggardousa1492
niggish1519
unliberal1533
pinching1548
dry1552
nigh1555
niggardly1560
churlish1566
squeamish1566
niggardish1567
niggard-like1567
holding1569
spare1577
handfast1578
envious1580
close-handed1585
hard-handed1587
curmudgeonly1590
parsimonious?1591
costive1594
hidebound1598
penny-pinching1600
penurious1600
strait-handed1600
club-fisted1601
dry-fisted1604
fast-handed1605
fast-fingered1607
close-fisted1608
near1611
scanting1613
carkingc1620
illiberal1623
clutch-fisteda1634
hideboundeda1640
clutch-fista1643
clunch-fisted1644
unbounteous1645
hard-fisted1646
purse-bound1652
close1654
stingy1659
tenacious1676
scanty1692
sneaking1696
gripe-handed1698
narrow-souled1699
niggardling1704
snippy1727
unindulgent1742
shabby1766
neargoinga1774
cheesemongering1781
split-farthing1787
save-all1788
picked1790
iron-fisted1794
unhandsome1800
scaly1803
nearbegoing1805
tight1805
nippit1808
nipcheese1819
cumin-splitting1822
partan-handed1823
scrimping1823
scrumptious1823
scrimpy1825
meanly1827
skinny1833
pinchfisted1837
mean1840
tight-fisted1843
screwy1844
stinty1849
cheeseparing1857
skinflinty1886
mouly1904
mingy1911
cheapskate1912
picey1937
tight-assed1961
chintzy1964
tightwad1976
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2941 Hauelok anon bigan..His denshe men to feste wel..For he was large and nouth chinche.
c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1110 And þat oþer lef to pinche, Boþe he was scars and chinche.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 5588 He..Lyueth more at ese and more is Riche Than doth he that is chiche.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

chinchv.

Forms: late Middle English chink, late Middle English chynche.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: chinch adj.
Etymology: < chinch adj.The form chink may be the result of dissimilation.
Obsolete.
intransitive. To be parsimonious or stingy; to hoard wealth like a miser.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > be niggardly or mean [verb (intransitive)]
spare1377
to lick one's knifec1400
chincha1425
pincha1425
stick1533
nig1559
to make pottage of a flintc1576
niggard1596
wretcha1598
niggardize1606
wire-draw1616
screw1820
skincha1825
scrimp1848
stinge1937
to pinch pennies (also a penny)1942
penny-pinch1945
a1425 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Borthwick Add. 196) C. xiii. l. 227 That chafferen as chapmen and chynchen [c1400 Huntington HM 137 chiden] but þei geten.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 75 Chynchyn, or sparyn mekylle [a1500 BL Add. 37789 chinkinge or to mekel sparyn], perparco.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021).
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n.1a1640n.1adj.a1640v.a1425
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