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单词 christopher
释义

Christophern.

Brit. /ˈkrɪstəfə/, U.S. /ˈkrɪstəfər/
Forms: late Middle English Christofere, late Middle English Christofore, late Middle English Christofur, late Middle English Christophre, late Middle English Cristofere, late Middle English Cristoffre, late Middle English Cristofir, late Middle English Cristofre, late Middle English Cristophere, late Middle English–1500s Christofore, 1500s– Christopher.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name St Christopher.
Etymology: < the name of St Christopher (post-classical Latin Christophorus: see note), a Christian martyr, adopted as the patron saint of travellers, since it is said that he once carried Jesus Christ as a child across a river.Life of St Christopher and etymology of his name. The saint's name is < Hellenistic Greek Χριστοϕόρος Christ-bearing < Χριστο- Christo- comb. form + ancient Greek -ϕόρος -phore comb. form. All that is known historically of St Christopher is that he was martyred in Asia Minor (perhaps in the 3rd century). A church was dedicated to him in Bithynia in 452. His 8th-cent. legends in both Greek and Latin were later augmented until they reached their final form in the Golden Legend, and he came to be numbered among the Fourteen Holy Helpers. According to legend, Christopher was a giant who became Christian and used to serve travellers by carrying them across a river. In 1969 the new Roman Martyrology reduced his feast to a merely local cult. The name of the saint is attested in English from the Old English period onwards (Old English Cristoforus , Christofor , Middle English Cristofre , Cristofore , Christofre , etc.). Specific senses. In sense 1 perhaps after Anglo-Norman cristofre, in the same sense (late 14th cent. or earlier). With sense 2 compare post-classical Latin christofora herb Christopher (14th cent. in a British glossarial source, in uncertain sense). With herb Christopher n. at sense 2a compare early modern Dutch Sinte Christoffels cruyt flowering fern (1554 in Dodoens, or earlier), post-classical Latin Sancti Christophori herba baneberry (late 16th cent. or earlier). The semantic motivation of these names is unclear.
1. A figure or image of St Christopher, or an object or artefact bearing this image. Cf. St Christopher n. rare after 16th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > symbol (general) > Christian symbols or images > [noun] > representing St. Christopher
Christopherc1405
St. Christopher medal1874
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 115 A cristofre on his brest of siluer sheene.
1488 Will of Agnes Scotte (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/8) f. 126 A Tabulet of goold with a cristofre.
1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Confessyon Fayth Germaynes sig. Q.iiijv Some wyse man paynted a Christofore, that is to say, a bearer of Christ, whiche wolde signifie by an allegorie, that there had nede to be greate strength of mynde in them, whiche shulde beare Christe.
1985 J. Rathbone Lying in State iii. 15 A white shirt open at the top with a gold Christopher peeping through.
2.
a. herb Christopher n. any of several (unrelated) plants; esp. the common Eurasian baneberry, Actaea spicata (family Ranunculaceae); also with distinguishing word or words.
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > royal fern
everferneOE
ditch-fern14..
herb Christophera1450
osmund royal1548
osmund1578
Osmund the waterman1578
fern-osmund1614
stifling grass1692
osmunda1702
royal fern1781
bog onion1832
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ranunculaceae (crowfoot and allies) > [noun] > baneberry
herb Christophera1450
rattlesnake herb1737
baneberry1755
richweed1762
redberry1785
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ploughman's spikenard or flea-bane
conyzaOE
louse-seeda1300
herb Christophera1450
fleabane1548
cinnamon-root1597
ploughman's spikenard1597
clown's spikenard1783
fly-bane1861
a1450 Agnus Castus (Royal) (1950) 161 Herbe Christofur mawle [a1500 Laud herbe Christofore maul; ?a1450 Stockh. Herba Christofori masculus is an herbe þat men clepe Christofere þe male, þis herbe haȝt lewys lyk to þe crousope þe lesse].
a1450 Agnus Castus (Royal) (1950) 162 Herbe Christofur female [a1500 Laud herbe Christofore femaul; ?a1450 Stockh. Herba Christofory femina is an herbe men clepe Christofere femel, þis herbe haȝt lewys lyk to þe lewys of herbe petur].
1577 Bk. Soueraigne Approued Med. & Remedies sig. A.vi Take the toppes or crops of the hearbe Christopher, with the stalks & leaues thereon.
1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 328 Herbe Christopher, see Osmund, or Waterfearne, it is good for the falling euill, and the frensie.
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 829 It is called in our age Christophoriana, and S. Christophori herba: in English Herbe Christopher... Doubtless it is of the number of the Aconites, or Woolfes bane, by reason of the deadly and pernicious qualitie that it hath, like vnto Woolfes bane.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. 483 Middle Fleawoort... In Cheape-side the herbe-women call it Herbe Christopher, and sell it to Empericks, who with it..make Medicines for the eyes, but against what affect of them, or with what successe I know not.
1783 D. Grimwood Catal. Greenhouse Plants 68 Actæa. Herb Christopher. [Actæa] alba. White-berried Herb Christopher. [Actæa] racemosa. Branching Herb Christopher.
1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) 112 Herb Christopher, a name vaguely applied to many plants which have no qualities in common.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 6 Herb Christopher. An uncommon native plant found in a few northern countries, with spikes of somewhat feathery white flowers followed by poisonous, shining black berries.
b. stinking Christopher n. any of several figworts; esp. the common figwort, Scrophularia nodosa; cf. stinkwort n. at stink n. Compounds.Now chiefly in lists of alternative names for these plants.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > figwort and allies
brownwortc1000
scrophularyc1400
water betonyc1400
bishop-leaves1597
fig-wort1597
kernel-wort1597
pilewort1640
scrophularia1663
water figwort1670
rose noble1808
snake's head1834
salpiglossid1846
salt-rheum weed1846
Cornish money-wort1848
turtle-head1857
scrophulariad1866
fiddlewood1878–86
stinking Christopher1878
stinkwort1890
1878 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names 103 Christopher, Stinking, Scrophularia aquatica, L., and S. nodosa, L.
1932 L. B. Wilder Fragrant Path xviii. 267 Scrophularia nodosa. Stinking Christopher. A dull weed with flowers and leaves that have a sickening odour not unlike that of Elder.
3. A person who (literally or figuratively) carries another, in the manner of St Christopher; a bearer. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > transference > [noun] > conveying or transporting > action of carrying > one who carries
bearereOE
portera1382
carriera1398
beringa1500
portator?c1500
Christopher?1548
manuporter1688
toter1817
humper1961
?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. vi. sig. k.viv Suche christophers of the deuill.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 3 Sept. 8/1 Such heavy rain that Finsbury Park passengers were carried from the tramway to the station by barefooted Christophers.
2002 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 20 Apr. 1543/3 One of the catholic priests..decided to organise clusters of committed youth. These so-called Christophers spearheaded the stormy demonstrations that were organised within days.

Phrases

In oaths and asseverations, originally as a euphemism for Christ, as in by Christopher, Christopher Columbus, holy Christopher, etc. Now somewhat archaic.
ΚΠ
1824 tr. H. von Hochberger in Atlantic Mag. June 141 He swore..By Christopher Columbus and by Crimini.
1890 Sporting Times 12 Apr. 1/5 I wish to Christopher they'd give me twopence for the four I was fool enough to envelope yesterday.
1892 H. Nisbet Bushranger’s Sweetheart ix. 64 By Christopher, but that old man could run.
2013 @FreshOuttaGayle 14 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 9 Jan. 2019) Holy Christopher my mother can cook.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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