absolutismn.

Brit.

/ˈabsəluːtɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌabsəˈluːtɪz(ə)m/,

/ˈabsəljuːtɪz(ə)m/,

/ˌabsəˈljuːtɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)uˌtɪzəm/,

/ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)udɪzəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: absolute adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < absolute adj. + -ism suffix. In sense 2 after Spanish absolutismo (1824 or earlier, originally with reference to government in Spain) or its model French absolutisme (1797), both in sense ‘practice of absolute government, despotism’ (compare absolutist n. 1). In sense 4 probably after German Absolutismus (1838 in this sense, with reference to Schelling's philosophy; 1755 in sense ‘quality of having no limit’, 1832 in sense 2, 1859 or earlier in sense 1). Compare absolutist n., absolutist adj. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·bsŏliutiz'm) /ˈæbsəljuːtɪz(ə)m/.

1. Theology. The doctrine of God's absolute sovereignty, esp. that salvation is preordained absolutely; the doctrine of predestination.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > absolutism

absolutism1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Absolutism is one of those doctrines charged on the Calvinists, for which the Lutherans refuse all union with them.

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Absolutism, the doctrine of predestination.

1874 D. Swing Sermons ii. 16 The public mind turns away from predestination and reprobation and absolutism..because it has developed a consciousness of freedom.

1987 R. M. Wallace in H. Blumenberg Genesis of Copernican World p. xx Blumenberg's rubric for this problem is ‘theological absolutism’. What this refers to is the late medieval emphasis on God's omnipotence.

1998 J. G. Crowley Primitive Baptists of Wiregrass South x. 177 Not all conservative Primitives incline toward Absolutism. Elder Robert Register and Elder James Hortman..firmly oppose the doctrine of absolute predestination.

2. Politics. The practice of absolute government; absolute authority, despotism; (occasionally) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > tyranny, despotism, or autocracy

tyrannyc1374

tyrandisea1387

tyrannity1535

absoluteness1574

tyrannism1591

Nimrodizing1605

will government1644

autocracy1659

autarchy1665

Neronism1670

despotism1728

sultanism1821

absolutism1824

autocratism1833

despotocracya1860

tyrannis1878

tyrantship1885

1824 T. Steele Notes of War in Spain xxii. 266 The armed bodies who defend the cause of liberty, and those who have arranged themselves as the defenders of absolutism [in Spain], are without any distinction oppressed and insulted by the French army.

1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 253 The king's power was absolute; and as is usually the case with absolutisms, his chiefs in their separate spheres were smaller despots.

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein II. 231 Standing armies ushered in a period of absolutism over the whole Continent.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxv. 103 That passion for liberty which passed through Europe, sweeping before it what of absolutism and tyranny had reared its head.

1950 W. Theimer & P. Campbell Encycl. World Politics 301/2 Absolutism paved the way for the modern nation-state marked by sovereignty and the repudiation of any superior authority.

2006 Guardian (Nexis) 18 Mar. (Review section) 7 The subsequent struggle between liberties and absolutism..took 25 years and millions of lives.

3. Positiveness; absence of relativism, ambiguity, equivocation, changeableness, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > [noun]

dogmatism1603

pragmaticalness1626

positivenessa1649

magisteriousness1650

magisterialness1651

dogmaticalness1663

dogmaticality1705

cock-surety1819

ultraism1821

pontificating1825

doctrinairism1836

absolutism1854

dogmaticism1856

doctrinaritya1869

doctrinism1872

doctrinarianism1877

cocksureness1878

cocksureism1889

1854 M. Faraday Lect. on Educ. 72/2 The mind naturally desires to settle upon one thing or another; to rest upon an affirmative or a negative; and that with a degree of absolutism which is irrational and improper.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. liv. 99 He was..very fond of yachting: its dreamy do-nothing absolutism.

1937 H. Read Art & Society 260 Many of the critics of abstract art..dismiss it as the most evident byzantinism, escapism, absolutism.

1994 J. Michael Tangled Web ii. viii. 104 You do not strive for rigidity and absolutism; you seek variety.

2004 Time 31 May 88/2 For abortion opponents whose views fall anywhere short of fanatical absolutism, the answer ought to be easy.

4. Philosophy. The philosophical doctrine of the Absolute, which holds that an objective, unconditioned, and universal reality underlies the objects of perception (cf. idealism n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > absolutism and its adherents

absolutism1859

absolutist1896

1859 W. T. Smithson Methodist Pulpit (ed. 3) 435 [The word of God] has defied..the strange, monstrous, and ridiculous theories of Kant.., the vague absolutism of Schelling, [etc.].

1878 S. H. Hodgson Philos. of Refl. I. 121 The same school of objective, or non-Idealist, absolutism.

1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 353 Hume seeks ‘the world behind the looking-glass’, and gives a striking example of that Absolutism which is the great disease of philosophic Thought.

1912 W. James Ess. Radical Empiricism xii. 279 The one fundamental quarrel Empiricism has with Absolutism is over this repudiation..of the personal and aesthetic factor in the construction of philosophy.

1945 New Eng. Q. 18 337 There is no doubt that the position of Plato..lends some support to German absolutism.

2007 A. Kadlec Dewey's Crit. Pragmatism i. 12 Dewey's uncompromising rejection of all forms of transcendental absolutism and all appeals to fixed, timeless foundations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	absolutism
释义	absolutismn. Brit. /ˈabsəluːtɪz(ə)m/, /ˌabsəˈluːtɪz(ə)m/, /ˈabsəljuːtɪz(ə)m/, /ˌabsəˈljuːtɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)uˌtɪzəm/, /ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)udɪzəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: absolute adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < absolute adj. + -ism suffix. In sense 2 after Spanish absolutismo (1824 or earlier, originally with reference to government in Spain) or its model French absolutisme (1797), both in sense ‘practice of absolute government, despotism’ (compare absolutist n. 1). In sense 4 probably after German Absolutismus (1838 in this sense, with reference to Schelling's philosophy; 1755 in sense ‘quality of having no limit’, 1832 in sense 2, 1859 or earlier in sense 1). Compare absolutist n., absolutist adj. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·bsŏliutiz'm) /ˈæbsəljuːtɪz(ə)m/. 1. Theology. The doctrine of God's absolute sovereignty, esp. that salvation is preordained absolutely; the doctrine of predestination. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > doctrine of salvation > [noun] > absolutism absolutism1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Absolutism is one of those doctrines charged on the Calvinists, for which the Lutherans refuse all union with them. 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Absolutism, the doctrine of predestination. 1874 D. Swing Sermons ii. 16 The public mind turns away from predestination and reprobation and absolutism..because it has developed a consciousness of freedom. 1987 R. M. Wallace in H. Blumenberg Genesis of Copernican World p. xx Blumenberg's rubric for this problem is ‘theological absolutism’. What this refers to is the late medieval emphasis on God's omnipotence. 1998 J. G. Crowley Primitive Baptists of Wiregrass South x. 177 Not all conservative Primitives incline toward Absolutism. Elder Robert Register and Elder James Hortman..firmly oppose the doctrine of absolute predestination. 2. Politics. The practice of absolute government; absolute authority, despotism; (occasionally) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > tyranny, despotism, or autocracy tyrannyc1374 tyrandisea1387 tyrannity1535 absoluteness1574 tyrannism1591 Nimrodizing1605 will government1644 autocracy1659 autarchy1665 Neronism1670 despotism1728 sultanism1821 absolutism1824 autocratism1833 despotocracya1860 tyrannis1878 tyrantship1885 1824 T. Steele Notes of War in Spain xxii. 266 The armed bodies who defend the cause of liberty, and those who have arranged themselves as the defenders of absolutism [in Spain], are without any distinction oppressed and insulted by the French army. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 253 The king's power was absolute; and as is usually the case with absolutisms, his chiefs in their separate spheres were smaller despots. 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein II. 231 Standing armies ushered in a period of absolutism over the whole Continent. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxv. 103 That passion for liberty which passed through Europe, sweeping before it what of absolutism and tyranny had reared its head. 1950 W. Theimer & P. Campbell Encycl. World Politics 301/2 Absolutism paved the way for the modern nation-state marked by sovereignty and the repudiation of any superior authority. 2006 Guardian (Nexis) 18 Mar. (Review section) 7 The subsequent struggle between liberties and absolutism..took 25 years and millions of lives. 3. Positiveness; absence of relativism, ambiguity, equivocation, changeableness, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > [noun] dogmatism1603 pragmaticalness1626 positivenessa1649 magisteriousness1650 magisterialness1651 dogmaticalness1663 dogmaticality1705 cock-surety1819 ultraism1821 pontificating1825 doctrinairism1836 absolutism1854 dogmaticism1856 doctrinaritya1869 doctrinism1872 doctrinarianism1877 cocksureness1878 cocksureism1889 1854 M. Faraday Lect. on Educ. 72/2 The mind naturally desires to settle upon one thing or another; to rest upon an affirmative or a negative; and that with a degree of absolutism which is irrational and improper. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. liv. 99 He was..very fond of yachting: its dreamy do-nothing absolutism. 1937 H. Read Art & Society 260 Many of the critics of abstract art..dismiss it as the most evident byzantinism, escapism, absolutism. 1994 J. Michael Tangled Web ii. viii. 104 You do not strive for rigidity and absolutism; you seek variety. 2004 Time 31 May 88/2 For abortion opponents whose views fall anywhere short of fanatical absolutism, the answer ought to be easy. 4. Philosophy. The philosophical doctrine of the Absolute, which holds that an objective, unconditioned, and universal reality underlies the objects of perception (cf. idealism n. 1). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > absolutism and its adherents absolutism1859 absolutist1896 1859 W. T. Smithson Methodist Pulpit (ed. 3) 435 [The word of God] has defied..the strange, monstrous, and ridiculous theories of Kant.., the vague absolutism of Schelling, [etc.]. 1878 S. H. Hodgson Philos. of Refl. I. 121 The same school of objective, or non-Idealist, absolutism. 1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 353 Hume seeks ‘the world behind the looking-glass’, and gives a striking example of that Absolutism which is the great disease of philosophic Thought. 1912 W. James Ess. Radical Empiricism xii. 279 The one fundamental quarrel Empiricism has with Absolutism is over this repudiation..of the personal and aesthetic factor in the construction of philosophy. 1945 New Eng. Q. 18 337 There is no doubt that the position of Plato..lends some support to German absolutism. 2007 A. Kadlec Dewey's Crit. Pragmatism i. 12 Dewey's uncompromising rejection of all forms of transcendental absolutism and all appeals to fixed, timeless foundations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1753
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