Afghanin.adj.

Brit.

/afˈɡɑːni/,

/afˈɡani/, U.S.

/ˌæfˈɡɑni/

Forms: 1800s Affghanee, 1800s– Afghani.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pashto. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Pashto afġānī; Persian afġānī.

Etymology: In sense A. 2 < Pashto afġānī and its etymon Persian afġānī monetary unit of Afghanistan (1926 or earlier), use as noun of afġānī (see below). In later use directly < Pashto afġānī and its etymon Persian afġānī (adjective) of or relating to the Afghans < afġān Afghan n. + -ī -i suffix².

A. n.

1. The Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Afghan people; = Pashto n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > east Scythian > Pashto

push?1560

Pakhto1784

Afghani1826

Afghan1933

Pashto1964

Pashtun1973

1826 J. Leyden & W. Erskine tr. Babur Memoirs 140 There are eleven or twelve different languages spoken in Kâbul: Arabic, Persian, Tûrki, Mogholi, Hindi, Afghâni, Pashâi, Parâchi, Geberi, Bercki, and Lamghâni.

1855 H. G. Raverty Gram. Lang. Afgháns Introd. 46 He was acquainted with Afghání, Arabic, Túrkí, Persian, Hindí, and a little English.

1880 Times 11 May 6/1 In deference to my ignorance of Persian the Sirdars have always been ready to converse in Afghani.

1920 Asia Apr. 278 Occasionally the interpreter would speak in Afghani when interpreting.

2010 A. Monsutti in D. Chatty Deterritorialized Youth vi. 233 At home, we speak Afghani, but outside, we speak Irani.

2. The principal monetary unit of Afghanistan, divided into 100 puls.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Afghanistan

pul1662

Afghani1927

1927 Statesman's Year-bk. 643 The following new currency was introduced in March 1926: Gold coins: the amani, equivalent to Rs. 20 Afghani, and the half-amani and the 20 pooli: silver coins, the Afghani rupee..and the half-Afghani.

1933 Muhammad Ali Progressive Afghanistan xv. 186 Students, in addition to their monthly stipends of 50 Afghanis each, get free meals.

1934 J. Ahmad & M. A. Aziz Afghanistan xiv. 125 The unit is an Afghani weighing ten grammes of silver, 900 fine, which is sub-divided into 100 puls.

1966 L. Dupree in L. E. Sweet Peoples & Cultures of Middle East (1970) 375 The shopkeepers has thousands of afghanis..tucked away in their shops.

2003 K. Hosseini Kite Runner (2004) iv. 23 Baba gave us each a weekly allowance of ten Afghanis.

3. A native or inhabitant of Afghanistan. Cf. Afghan n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Afghanistan and Turkestan > [noun] > person

Kurd1609

Afghan1625

Rohilla1767

Afridi1784

Mohmand1815

Kaffir1834

Powindah1851

Sart1871

Shinwari1875

Guran1882

Afghani1966

1966 Middle East Jrnl. 20 518/2 The usual reason given for his claim to be an Afghani—desire to escape the jurisdiction of the Shāh.

1974 World Today Jan. 30 The Iranians and the Afghanis belong to different Muslim sects.

1980 Times 20 Oct. 5/1 Hunger and disease on a large scale are threatening the Afghanis.

1989 Independent 5 Dec. 2/4 The kidneys went to..a Libyan doctor, an Afghani and a young Greek woman.

2008 Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 32/2 A news item on television about the struggles of Afghanis to ward off incoming Russian tanks.

B. adj.

Of, belonging, or relating to Afghanistan or the Afghan people; = Afghan adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Afghanistan and Turkestan > [adjective]

Pathan1625

Afghan1742

Rohilla1768

Kurdish1806

Kurd1810

Hindki1815

Mohmand1815

Chorasmian1816

Hazara1826

Kaffir1834

Afghani1838

Zakka Khel1860

Pakhtun1867

Powindah1880

Thamudite1881

Sart1898

Thamudaean1909

Tajik1911

Thamudic1937

1838 R. Leech Vocab. Seven Langs. (Bombay Geogr. Soc.) 18 He enumerates the Arabic, Persian, Turkey, Hindi, Afghani, Pashai, Parachi, Geberi, Berreki, and Lamghani languages, which were spoken by so many distinct races.

1843 F. Sale Jrnl. Disasters Affghanistan 77 A little more manual labour would have transported the others also over the Affghanee mountains.

1931 Poetry Aug. 275 One might have heard May Folwell Hoisington singing Afghani Love Song in native Afghani costume.

1974 World Today Jan. 26 The Pushtoons..constitute 40 per cent of the Afghani population.

1989 Guardian 11 July 20/2 In September a Soviet crew and an Afghani passenger had to stay in space for an extra day because of a malfunction in their flight computer.

1990 Oxf. Today 2 iii. 22/3 As the numbers of victims proliferate—Vietnamese, Mozambican, Ethiopian, Cambodian, Afghani, Kurdish, Palestinian, Sri Lankan, Chilean—the scene becomes even more complex.

2008 Indianapolis Star 11 Jan. (State ed.) (Go! section) 26/3 A cheery stop for..inexpensive Afghani dishes.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	afghani
释义	Afghanin.adj. Brit. /afˈɡɑːni/, /afˈɡani/, U.S. /ˌæfˈɡɑni/ Forms: 1800s Affghanee, 1800s– Afghani. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Pashto. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Pashto afġānī; Persian afġānī. Etymology: In sense A. 2 < Pashto afġānī and its etymon Persian afġānī monetary unit of Afghanistan (1926 or earlier), use as noun of afġānī (see below). In later use directly < Pashto afġānī and its etymon Persian afġānī (adjective) of or relating to the Afghans < afġān Afghan n. + -ī -i suffix². A. n. 1. The Eastern Iranian language spoken by the Afghan people; = Pashto n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > east Scythian > Pashto push?1560 Pakhto1784 Afghani1826 Afghan1933 Pashto1964 Pashtun1973 1826 J. Leyden & W. Erskine tr. Babur Memoirs 140 There are eleven or twelve different languages spoken in Kâbul: Arabic, Persian, Tûrki, Mogholi, Hindi, Afghâni, Pashâi, Parâchi, Geberi, Bercki, and Lamghâni. 1855 H. G. Raverty Gram. Lang. Afgháns Introd. 46 He was acquainted with Afghání, Arabic, Túrkí, Persian, Hindí, and a little English. 1880 Times 11 May 6/1 In deference to my ignorance of Persian the Sirdars have always been ready to converse in Afghani. 1920 Asia Apr. 278 Occasionally the interpreter would speak in Afghani when interpreting. 2010 A. Monsutti in D. Chatty Deterritorialized Youth vi. 233 At home, we speak Afghani, but outside, we speak Irani. 2. The principal monetary unit of Afghanistan, divided into 100 puls. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific Afghanistan pul1662 Afghani1927 1927 Statesman's Year-bk. 643 The following new currency was introduced in March 1926: Gold coins: the amani, equivalent to Rs. 20 Afghani, and the half-amani and the 20 pooli: silver coins, the Afghani rupee..and the half-Afghani. 1933 Muhammad Ali Progressive Afghanistan xv. 186 Students, in addition to their monthly stipends of 50 Afghanis each, get free meals. 1934 J. Ahmad & M. A. Aziz Afghanistan xiv. 125 The unit is an Afghani weighing ten grammes of silver, 900 fine, which is sub-divided into 100 puls. 1966 L. Dupree in L. E. Sweet Peoples & Cultures of Middle East (1970) 375 The shopkeepers has thousands of afghanis..tucked away in their shops. 2003 K. Hosseini Kite Runner (2004) iv. 23 Baba gave us each a weekly allowance of ten Afghanis. 3. A native or inhabitant of Afghanistan. Cf. Afghan n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Afghanistan and Turkestan > [noun] > person Kurd1609 Afghan1625 Rohilla1767 Afridi1784 Mohmand1815 Kaffir1834 Powindah1851 Sart1871 Shinwari1875 Guran1882 Afghani1966 1966 Middle East Jrnl. 20 518/2 The usual reason given for his claim to be an Afghani—desire to escape the jurisdiction of the Shāh. 1974 World Today Jan. 30 The Iranians and the Afghanis belong to different Muslim sects. 1980 Times 20 Oct. 5/1 Hunger and disease on a large scale are threatening the Afghanis. 1989 Independent 5 Dec. 2/4 The kidneys went to..a Libyan doctor, an Afghani and a young Greek woman. 2008 Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 32/2 A news item on television about the struggles of Afghanis to ward off incoming Russian tanks. B. adj. Of, belonging, or relating to Afghanistan or the Afghan people; = Afghan adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Afghanistan and Turkestan > [adjective] Pathan1625 Afghan1742 Rohilla1768 Kurdish1806 Kurd1810 Hindki1815 Mohmand1815 Chorasmian1816 Hazara1826 Kaffir1834 Afghani1838 Zakka Khel1860 Pakhtun1867 Powindah1880 Thamudite1881 Sart1898 Thamudaean1909 Tajik1911 Thamudic1937 1838 R. Leech Vocab. Seven Langs. (Bombay Geogr. Soc.) 18 He enumerates the Arabic, Persian, Turkey, Hindi, Afghani, Pashai, Parachi, Geberi, Berreki, and Lamghani languages, which were spoken by so many distinct races. 1843 F. Sale Jrnl. Disasters Affghanistan 77 A little more manual labour would have transported the others also over the Affghanee mountains. 1931 Poetry Aug. 275 One might have heard May Folwell Hoisington singing Afghani Love Song in native Afghani costume. 1974 World Today Jan. 26 The Pushtoons..constitute 40 per cent of the Afghani population. 1989 Guardian 11 July 20/2 In September a Soviet crew and an Afghani passenger had to stay in space for an extra day because of a malfunction in their flight computer. 1990 Oxf. Today 2 iii. 22/3 As the numbers of victims proliferate—Vietnamese, Mozambican, Ethiopian, Cambodian, Afghani, Kurdish, Palestinian, Sri Lankan, Chilean—the scene becomes even more complex. 2008 Indianapolis Star 11 Jan. (State ed.) (Go! section) 26/3 A cheery stop for..inexpensive Afghani dishes. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1826
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