choughn.

Brit.

/tʃʌf/, U.S.

/tʃəf/

Forms: Middle English choȝe, Middle English chouȝhe, ( s)chowhe, Middle English–1600s choghe, Middle English chowȝe, chowe, cowe, kowe, Middle English–1500s choughe, 1500s chowgh(e, (1600s chugh, choff, chooffe, chaugh), Middle English– chough.

Etymology: Middle English choȝe, etc.; not found in Old English, which had in same sense the forms cío, céo, ciae, chyae (? for cyhae). Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwe, Dutch kauw, apparently from a West Germanic type *kâwa, whence also Old Northern French cauwe, cave, Old French choë, choue, Walloon chauwe, chowe; also Old High German châha, châ, Middle Low German kâ; and Old Norse *ká, *kǫ́, whence Danish kaa, and northern Middle English kaa, ka, modern Scots kae, occasionally Middle English co, coo, jackdaw. The relationship of the various types to each other is not clearly made out: Prof. Sievers suggests the existence of an Old Germanic type with accent-mutation ˈkæ̂hwâ-—kæ̂ˈwâ-. But whether the early Old English ciae in Erfurt Gloss., and chyae in Epinal, can be brought under these is doubted. The Middle English variant cowe, beside chowe, strongly suggests for these forms adoption < Old French; but the choȝe, chowhe forms cannot be thus explained.

a. A bird of the crow family; formerly applied somewhat widely to all the smaller chattering species, but especially to the common Jackdaw.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun]

crowa700

choughc1305

crakec1320

chewet1546

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus monedula (jackdaw)

choughc1305

coc1325

kae1340

caddow1440

daw?a1475

jay1484

jackdaw1543

caddesse1565

pilledow1603

Jack1651

sea-crow1897

α.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 70 Haec cornix, þeos ceo.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 132/4 Gracculus, vel monedula, ceo.]

c1305 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 76 Blake monekes he seȝ As hit crowen & choȝen were.

c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 345 The thefe the Chowgh [v.r. crow(e, chough(e, choghe, chowhe, clough] and eke the iangling py.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 307 Þe chouȝhe [monedula] answerde nouȝt.

1401 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 40 Chyteryng as chowȝes.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 84/2 Coo, birde, or schowhe, monedula, nodula.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. xvi. 101 The chowe whan she fyndeth gold or syluer..hydeth and bereth it away.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ix. f. 101 Chowghis and staris flee to gether in a flocke.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Choughe a yong crowe, corneille.

1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII x Rookes, Crowes, and Choughs, doe yeerely deuoure and consume a wonderful and marueilous great quantity of corne and graine.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 222 b If the byrdes do pluck their own fethers againe, which they gave before to the chough?

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 21 Russet pated choughes .

1620 J. Wilkinson Treat. Statutes conc. Coroners & Sherifes (new ed.) 118 Crowes, Rookes, Choghes, Pyes, Jeyes, Ringdoves.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. A Chough or Iack daw.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 248/1 The Jack Daw, or Daw..in some places is called a Caddesse, or Choff.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 122 The rain floods your warehouse..the choughs build in it.

β. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 232 Shal bere hym on hond the Cow [v.r. cou, kow, kowe] is wood.c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 702/3 Hec monedula, a kowe.1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. f i^v They canne flatter and lye, Makynge beleve the cowe is wode.1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. B4^v A pickthanke knaue, that would make his Maister beleue that the Cowe is woode.

b. figurative. Chatterer, prater.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > talkative person

chaterestrea1250

jangler1303

babbler1366

blabbererc1375

jangleressc1386

talkerc1386

clatterer1388

cacklera1400

languager1436

carperc1440

mamblerc1450

praterc1500

jackdaw?1520

chewet1546

flibbertigibbet1549

clatterfart1552

patterer1552

piec1557

long tongue?1562

prattler1567

piet1574

twattler1577

brawler1581

nimble-chops1581

pratepie1582

roita1585

whittera1585

full-mouth1589

interprater1591

chatterer1592

pianet1594

bablatrice1595

parakeet1598

Bow-bell cockney1600

prattle-basket1602

bagpipe1603

worder1606

babliaminy1608

chougha1616

gabbler1624

blatterer1627

magpie1632

prate-apace1636

rattlea1637

clack1640

blateroon1647

overtalker1654

prate-roast1671

prattle-box1671

babelard1678

twattle-basket1688

mouth1699

tongue-pad1699

chatterista1704

rattler1709

morologist1727

chatterbox1774

palaverer1788

gabber1792

whitter-whatter1805

slangwhanger1807

nash-gab1816

pump1823

windbag1827

big mouth1834

gasbag1841

chattermag1844

tattle-monger1848

rattletrap1850

gasser1855

mouth almighty1864

clucker1869

talky-talky1869

gabster1870

loudmouth1870

tonguester1871

palaverista1873

mag1876

jawsmith1887

spieler1894

twitterer1895

yabbler1901

wordster1904

poofter1916

blatherer1920

ear-bender1922

burbler1923

woofer1934

ear-basher1944

motormouth1955

yacker1960

yammerer1978

jay-

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 271 Lords, that can prate As amply..as this Gonzallo: I my selfe could make A Chough of as deepe chat.

2. Now restricted to the Red-legged Crow ( Fregillus graculus), which frequents the sea-cliffs in many parts of Britain, being particularly abundant in Cornwall; whence distinguished as the Cornish chough.This may have been Shakespeare's ‘chough’ in Lear; the bird, now rare at Beachy Head, was abundant on all the Sussex cliffs a century ago, and may well have been common on the Kentish coast at an earlier date.— N.E.D.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Pyrrhocorax > species graculus (chough)

cowec1230

Cornish crow1552

chough1553

sea-crow1579

killigrew1668

sea-chough1672

Cornish jay1750

red-legged crow1776

red-legged chough1831

1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 5v/2 A cornishe chough, pyrrhocorax.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 36 I meane not the common Daw, but one peculiar to Cornwall..termed a Cornish Chough: his bil is sharpe, long, and red, his legs of the same colour.

1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) I. 360 That famous kind of Crows..known by the Name of the Cornish Chough.

1773 G. White Let. 9 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 97 Cornish choughs abound, and breed on Beachy-head and on all the cliffs of the Sussex coast.

1875 F. Buckland Note in White's Selborne 425 Numbers of Cornish choughs are sent yearly from Plymouth to London..The choughs are now very rare round Beachy Head.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 13 The crowes and choghes that wing the midway ayre. ] b.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Choquar, a Chough; or, Cornish Chough.1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. x Some Chaughes came to have red legges and bils. ?1841 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 9. 253 The red-legged chough (Fregilus graculus)..finds a congenial retreat.1858 F. W. Robertson Lect. 121 The flock of choughs, with their red beaks and legs.

Compounds

General attributive.

chough-daw n. (cf. caddow n.¹)

ΚΠ

1746 R. James in Moffett & Bennet's Health's Improvem. (new ed.) Introd. 40 The Swan, or Chough-Daw. It is of no great Importance which is here meant.

chough-fish n.

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxii. xi. 451 Dracunculus..like it is to the Chough-fish Gracculus.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	chough
释义	choughn. Brit. /tʃʌf/, U.S. /tʃəf/ Forms: Middle English choȝe, Middle English chouȝhe, ( s)chowhe, Middle English–1600s choghe, Middle English chowȝe, chowe, cowe, kowe, Middle English–1500s choughe, 1500s chowgh(e, (1600s chugh, choff, chooffe, chaugh), Middle English– chough. Etymology: Middle English choȝe, etc.; not found in Old English, which had in same sense the forms cío, céo, ciae, chyae (? for cyhae). Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwe, Dutch kauw, apparently from a West Germanic type kâwa, whence also Old Northern French cauwe, cave, Old French choë, choue, Walloon chauwe, chowe; also Old High German châha, châ, Middle Low German kâ; and Old Norse ká, kǫ́, whence Danish kaa, and northern Middle English kaa, ka, modern Scots kae, occasionally Middle English co, coo, jackdaw. The relationship of the various types to each other is not clearly made out: Prof. Sievers suggests the existence of an Old Germanic type with accent-mutation ˈkæ̂hwâ-—kæ̂ˈwâ-. But whether the early Old English ciae* in Erfurt Gloss., and chyae in Epinal, can be brought under these is doubted. The Middle English variant cowe, beside chowe, strongly suggests for these forms adoption < Old French; but the choȝe, chowhe forms cannot be thus explained. 1. a. A bird of the crow family; formerly applied somewhat widely to all the smaller chattering species, but especially to the common Jackdaw. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] crowa700 choughc1305 crakec1320 chewet1546 the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus monedula (jackdaw) choughc1305 coc1325 kae1340 caddow1440 daw?a1475 jay1484 jackdaw1543 caddesse1565 pilledow1603 Jack1651 sea-crow1897 α. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) ix. 70 Haec cornix, þeos ceo. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 132/4 Gracculus, vel monedula, ceo.] c1305 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 76 Blake monekes he seȝ As hit crowen & choȝen were. c1381 G. Chaucer Parl. Foules 345 The thefe the Chowgh [v.r. crow(e, chough(e, choghe, chowhe, clough] and eke the iangling py. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 307 Þe chouȝhe [monedula] answerde nouȝt. 1401 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 40 Chyteryng as chowȝes. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 84/2 Coo, birde, or schowhe, monedula, nodula. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde ii. xvi. 101 The chowe whan she fyndeth gold or syluer..hydeth and bereth it away. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria ix. f. 101 Chowghis and staris flee to gether in a flocke. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement Choughe a yong crowe, corneille. 1532–3 Act 24 Hen. VIII x Rookes, Crowes, and Choughs, doe yeerely deuoure and consume a wonderful and marueilous great quantity of corne and graine. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 222 b If the byrdes do pluck their own fethers againe, which they gave before to the chough? 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 21 Russet pated choughes . View more context for this quotation 1620 J. Wilkinson Treat. Statutes conc. Coroners & Sherifes (new ed.) 118 Crowes, Rookes, Choghes, Pyes, Jeyes, Ringdoves. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. A Chough or Iack daw. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 248/1 The Jack Daw, or Daw..in some places is called a Caddesse, or Choff. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 122 The rain floods your warehouse..the choughs build in it. β. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 232 Shal bere hym on hond the Cow [v.r. cou, kow, kowe] is wood.c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 702/3 Hec monedula, a kowe.1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. f i^v They canne flatter and lye, Makynge beleve the cowe is wode.1575 J. Awdely Fraternitye of Vacabondes (new ed.) sig. B4^v A pickthanke knaue, that would make his Maister beleue that the Cowe is woode. b. figurative. Chatterer, prater. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > talkative person chaterestrea1250 jangler1303 babbler1366 blabbererc1375 jangleressc1386 talkerc1386 clatterer1388 cacklera1400 languager1436 carperc1440 mamblerc1450 praterc1500 jackdaw?1520 chewet1546 flibbertigibbet1549 clatterfart1552 patterer1552 piec1557 long tongue?1562 prattler1567 piet1574 twattler1577 brawler1581 nimble-chops1581 pratepie1582 roita1585 whittera1585 full-mouth1589 interprater1591 chatterer1592 pianet1594 bablatrice1595 parakeet1598 Bow-bell cockney1600 prattle-basket1602 bagpipe1603 worder1606 babliaminy1608 chougha1616 gabbler1624 blatterer1627 magpie1632 prate-apace1636 rattlea1637 clack1640 blateroon1647 overtalker1654 prate-roast1671 prattle-box1671 babelard1678 twattle-basket1688 mouth1699 tongue-pad1699 chatterista1704 rattler1709 morologist1727 chatterbox1774 palaverer1788 gabber1792 whitter-whatter1805 slangwhanger1807 nash-gab1816 pump1823 windbag1827 big mouth1834 gasbag1841 chattermag1844 tattle-monger1848 rattletrap1850 gasser1855 mouth almighty1864 clucker1869 talky-talky1869 gabster1870 loudmouth1870 tonguester1871 palaverista1873 mag1876 jawsmith1887 spieler1894 twitterer1895 yabbler1901 wordster1904 poofter1916 blatherer1920 ear-bender1922 burbler1923 woofer1934 ear-basher1944 motormouth1955 yacker1960 yammerer1978 jay- a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 271 Lords, that can prate As amply..as this Gonzallo: I my selfe could make A Chough of as deepe chat. View more context for this quotation 2. Now restricted to the Red-legged Crow ( Fregillus graculus), which frequents the sea-cliffs in many parts of Britain, being particularly abundant in Cornwall; whence distinguished as the Cornish chough.This may have been Shakespeare's ‘chough’ in Lear; the bird, now rare at Beachy Head, was abundant on all the Sussex cliffs a century ago, and may well have been common on the Kentish coast at an earlier date.— N.E.D. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Pyrrhocorax > species graculus (chough) cowec1230 Cornish crow1552 chough1553 sea-crow1579 killigrew1668 sea-chough1672 Cornish jay1750 red-legged crow1776 red-legged chough1831 a. 1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 5v/2 A cornishe chough, pyrrhocorax. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 36 I meane not the common Daw, but one peculiar to Cornwall..termed a Cornish Chough: his bil is sharpe, long, and red, his legs of the same colour. 1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) I. 360 That famous kind of Crows..known by the Name of the Cornish Chough. 1773 G. White Let. 9 Nov. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 97 Cornish choughs abound, and breed on Beachy-head and on all the cliffs of the Sussex coast. 1875 F. Buckland Note in White's Selborne 425 Numbers of Cornish choughs are sent yearly from Plymouth to London..The choughs are now very rare round Beachy Head. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 13 The crowes and choghes that wing the midway ayre. View more context for this quotation] b.1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Choquar, a Chough; or, Cornish Chough.1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. x Some Chaughes came to have red legges and bils. View more context for this quotation?1841 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 9. 253 The red-legged chough (Fregilus graculus)..finds a congenial retreat.1858 F. W. Robertson Lect. 121 The flock of choughs, with their red beaks and legs. Compounds General attributive. chough-daw n. (cf. caddow n.¹) ΚΠ 1746 R. James in Moffett & Bennet's Health's Improvem. (new ed.) Introd. 40 The Swan, or Chough-Daw. It is of no great Importance which is here meant. chough-fish n. ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxii. xi. 451 Dracunculus..like it is to the Chough-fish Gracculus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1305
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