Chichimecn.adj.
/ˈtʃiːtʃᵻmɛk/, U.S. /ˈtʃitʃəˌmɛk/ A. n.
1. A member of any of various indigenous peoples of Mexico, esp. the nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples inhabiting northern and central Mexico before the Spanish conquest; = Chichimeca n. 1. Usually in plural.
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the world > people > ethnicities > Indian of Central or South America > [noun] > peoples of Central America
Chichimeca1578
Miskito1697
Tiwa1710
Nahuatlaca1775
Otomi1782
Aztec1787
Mazahua1787
Mixteca1787
Totonac1787
Zapotec1797
Chichimec1809
Quiché1823
Mayo1829
Seri1829
Mixtec1852
Olmec1852
Mogollon1855
Mimbres1859
Yaqui1861
Cuna1868
Tzeltal1868
Nahuatl1873
Huastec1874
Tarahumara1874
Tlapanec1874
Bribri1875
Nahua1875
Mangue1876
Mazatec1878
Subtiaba1891
Tequistlatec1891
Trique1891
Nahuatlan1897
Huichol1900
Mixtecan1900
Tarascan1931
Mixe–Zoque1957
Mixteco1972
Garifuna1977
Mixean1982
Garinagu1983
Mixe–Zoquean1989
1809 Universal Mag. Sept. 177/1 The Toltecs made their first appearance in 648. The Chichimecs in 1170.
1883 H. H. Bancroft et al. Hist. Mexico II. xxxiv. 763 The Indians had been persuaded to this step by the mestizo, Captain Caldera, whose mother was a Chichimec.
1911 Chautauquan Aug. 259 The Chichimecs..were less advanced in arts than had been the Toltecs.
1964 Jrnl. Arizona Acad. Sci. 3 104/1 Northern Mexico..was dominated by the Chichimec when the Spanish Conquistadores arrived.
2005 D. E. Chipman Moctezuma's Children i. 7 The nomadic Chichimecs from the north..dressed in skins and sought shelter in caves.
2. Any of the languages spoken by the Chichimecs; esp. an Oto-Manguean language now chiefly spoken in the state of Guanajuato in central Mexico; = Chichimeca n. 2.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > Central Amerindian languages > Oto-Manguean languages
Otomi1845
Mazahua1877
Mazatec1878
Chichimec1882
Mangue1886
Chichimeca1900
Otomian1900
Trique1900
Oto-Manguean1940
1882 Graphic 3 June 567/3 Another student would expend 1,000l. a year to prove that there never were any Toltecs, and that the so-called hieroglyph for ‘corkscrew’ was really Chichimec for ‘serpent’.
1963 H. E. Driver & W. Driver Ethnogr. & Acculturation of Chichimeca-Jonaz of Northeast Mexico 127 She addressed groups of the pupils' parents in Chichimec.
1983 J. A. Suárez Mesoamerican Indian Langs. vi. 89 In Chichimec,..person of possessor is indicated by inflection in some nouns.
2002 J. Sherzer Speech Play & Verbal Art 146 People of all ages in this neighborhood speak Chichimec.
B. adj.
Of, relating to, or designating the Chichimecs or their languages; = Chichimeca adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Indian of Central or South America > [adjective] > peoples of Central America
Chichimeca1726
Aztec1787
Miskito1789
Chichimec1811
Quiché1823
Mayo1829
Seri1829
Otomi1843
Mimbres1856
Nahuatl1858
Yaqui1861
Zapotec1861
Tzeltal1868
Tlapanec1874
Mixtec1875
Bribri1876
Mangue1876
Nahua1876
Nahuatlaca1877
Mixe1888
Trique1891
Mazatecan1892
Subtiaba1892
Huichol1900
Cuna1905
Mixteca1911
Subtiaban1911
Tarascan1911
Tarahumara1912
Zapotecan1922
Tzotzil1939
Mixe–Zoquean1940
Tiwa1950
Mixteco1959
Kekchi1960
1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain II. iii. viii. 308 Durango..was then a military post against the incursions of the Chichimec Indians [Fr. des Indiens Chichimèques].
1851 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. May 431 The Chichimec legend of the ‘seven caves’.
1970 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 27 Dec. 8 b/3 The age-old struggle between Mixcoatl, king of the Chichimec people of Mexico, and Texcatlipoca.
1984 Ethnohistory 31 170 These founders are said to have spoken a ‘Chichimec’ language distinct from both Nahuatl and Otomi.
2010 Winnipeg Free Press 13 Mar. (Travel section) 5/1 Construction..continued through to the 13th century when Chichimec warriors invaded and decimated the city.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1809