chirmn.

/tʃəːm/

Forms: Old English cirm, cyrm, Middle English chirm, 1500s chirme; Middle English–1500s chyrme, cherme, 1500s chearm, charme, 1500s–1600s churme, 1600s churmne: cf. also charm n.²

Etymology: Immediately connected with chirm v.

archaic and dialect.

1. Noise, din, chatter, vocal noise (in later times esp. of birds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun]

chirma800

songOE

chattera1250

cryc1300

languagec1350

notea1400

call1584

gabblea1616

clamour1719

call note1802

vocalization1829

dialect1921

the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > chatter

chirma800

clappingc1386

glavera1400

clapa1420

clackc1440

blabc1460

clattera1500

babble?a1525

babblery1532

pratery1533

clitter-clatter1535

by-talk?1551

prattle1555

prittle-prattle1556

twittle-twattle1565

cacquet1567

prate?1574

prattlement1579

babblement1595

gibble-gabble1600

gabble1602

twattlea1639

tolutiloquence1656

pratement1657

gaggle1668

leden1674

cackle1676

twit-twat1677

clash1685

chit-chat1710

chatter-chitter1711

chitter-chatter1712

palavering1732

hubble-bubble1735

palaver1748

rattle1748

gum1751

mag1778

gabber1780

gammon1781

gash1787

chattery1789

gabber1792

whitter-whatter1805

yabble1808

clacket1812

talky-talky1812

potter1818

yatter1827

blue streak1830

gabblement1831

psilologya1834

chin-music1834

patter1841

jaw1842

chatter1851

brabble1861

tongue-work1866

yacker1882

talkee1885

chelp1891

chattermag1895

whitter1897

burble1898

yap1907

clatfart1913

jive1928

logorrhœa1935

waffle1937

yackety-yacking1953

yack1958

yackety-yack1958

motormouth1976

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise

chirma800

dina1000

utas1202

noise?c1225

nurthc1225

dinninga1400

glama1400

glavera1400

reer?a1400

reirdc1400

dunch1440

steveningc1440

rebound1457

bruit?1473

alarm1489

yell1509

gild?a1513

shout?a1513

reveriea1522

routa1522

thundering1560

rumouringc1563

dinrie?1566

rear1567

fray1568

thunder-crack1595

thunder1600

fanfarea1605

fragor1605

clamour1606

thunder-clap1610

obstrepency1623

tonitruation1658

randana1661

clarion1667

leden1674

bluster1724

salvoa1734

ding1750

row1753

tonance1778

dunder1780

chang1788

blare1807

flare1815

detonation1830

trump1848

trumpeting1850

foghorn1875

yammer1932

a800 Corpus Gloss. 925 Fragor, suoeg, cirm.

c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 6 Æt middere niht þa cirm geworden wæs.

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 205 Clangor, tubarum sonus..dyne, geþun, cyrm.

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 305 TheȜ crowe bigrede him..And goþ to him mid heore chirme.

1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iii. vi. 14 That vnderstandis, the..chirme of euery byrdis, voce on fer.

1806 J. Train Poet. Reveries 79 (Jam.) A chirm she heard..out o' a hole she shot her head.

2. esp. The mingled din or noise of many birds or voices, the ‘hum’ of school children, insects, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] > sound of singing

songeOE

chirm1530

charm1548

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [noun] > sound > assemblage or body of > blended or concordant

chirm1530

charm1548

unison1619

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 617 What a cherme these byrdes make [Fr. jargonnent]!

1547 Brend Lett. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 379 Words confirmed with a churme of those that stood about.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lv. 1 With this a chirme in mumering there fell: Amongst them [insects] all.

1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. K.ii^v Then was there hard..[a] cherme of loude speaking.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. 235 Grammer schooles ringing againe with a chirme of schollers.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 186 [Perkin] was conueighed leasurely on Horsebacke..through Cheape-side..with the Churme of a thousand taunts and reproches.

1841 Fraser's Mag. 23 457 A coming tempest announces itself by the birds subduing their song to a chirm.

†3. A company or flock (of finches). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > group of

chirmc1430

c1430 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (1822) 30 A chyrme of fynches, a swarme of bees.

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj A Cherme of Goldefynches.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii.xiii. 311/1 A Chern of Gold-finches.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

chirmv.

/tʃəːm/

Forms: Old English cirm-an, cyrm-an, Middle English chirmen, Middle English–1500s chirme, chyrm(e, 1500s– chirm, (1800s churm).

Etymology: Old English cirm-an to cry out, shout, make a noise. Compare Dutch kermen, Middle Dutch kermen, karmen, to mourn, lament, Middle Low German kermen. The ulterior history is uncertain.

archaic and dialect.

1. intransitive. To cry out, vociferate, roar: originally used widely, but in Middle and modern English, chiefly restricted to the melodious chatter or warbling of birds, or of human beings compared to birds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter

chirmOE

chattera1250

janglea1300

jargon?a1366

chirkc1386

chirtc1386

chitterc1386

twittera1387

chirpc1440

yipc1440

channerc1480

quitter1513

chirrup1579

chipper1593

pip1598

gingreate1623

chita1639

sweet1677

shatter17..

swee-swee1839

weet-weet1845

cheet1855

tweet1856

twiddle1863

weet1866

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (intransitive)]

chirmOE

talec1275

rounda1325

cryc1384

shoutc1385

hallowc1420

roupa1425

glaster1513

hollo1542

yawl1542

to set up (also out) one's throat1548

vociferate1548

bawl1570

gape1579

hollo out?1602

holloa1666

to cry up1684

holler1699

halloo1709

belvea1794

parliament1893

foghorn1918

rort1931

OE Guthlac B 908 Hwilum wedende swa wilde deor cirmdon on corðre.

OE Judith 270 Hi ða samod ealle ongunnon cohhetan, cirman hlude ond gristbitian.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 121 Sparewe..chitereð oa & chirmeð...For swa ach ancre..chirmin & chiterin hire beoden.

c1475 Partenay 878 Briddes..meryly chirmed in the grene wod.

1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Cantillo, to chante or chirme.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii To Chirme like birdes, Gingreate.

1700 Wallace Acct. New Caledonia in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) (1708) III. 417 We have a Monkey aboard that chirms like a Lark.

1773 R. Fergusson Poems 116 Linties chirming frae the spray.

1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 18 Then he wad chirm and talk, And say ded, ded, mam, mam, and aw.

1840 J. Galt Demon of Destiny 63 Admiring wonder churm'd from all the throng.

1860–80 R. Ferguson Dial. Cumberland (E.D.S.) Chirm, to chirp.

1865 A. Smith Summer in Skye (1880) 345 The fairy sits..chirming and singing songs to the cows.

2. transitive or with cognate object.

ΚΠ

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i. 1 To hear the Birds chirm o'er their pleasing Rants.

1832 W. Motherwell in Whistle-Binkie 1st Ser. 73 The corncraik was chirming His sad eerie cry.

Derivatives

chirming n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [noun] > twitter or chirp > action of

chatteringa1250

writelingc1275

jargoning?a1366

chitteringc1374

jargonc1386

chirpingc1440

chirming1481

garrulingc1550

chirruping1579

twittering1773

twitteration1805

chippering1879

the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [adjective] > singing or chirping

chatteringa1250

chantinga1529

chippering1593

pipient1607

chirping1611

twittering1628

chittering1821

weeting1852

chirming1854

garrulous1854

1481 W. Caxton tr. Cicero Old Age And knewe the thyngys to come by the chyrmyng and by the song and by the countenance of foulys and birddys.

1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Augur, a gesser be the chirming of birds.

1854 H. Keddie Phemie Millar 33 A chirming..foolish woman.

1870 ‘Ouida’ Puck III. ii. 38 Sounds of..stirring bees and chirming birds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	chirm
释义	chirmn. /tʃəːm/ Forms: Old English cirm, cyrm, Middle English chirm, 1500s chirme; Middle English–1500s chyrme, cherme, 1500s chearm, charme, 1500s–1600s churme, 1600s churmne: cf. also charm n.² Etymology: Immediately connected with chirm v. archaic and dialect. 1. Noise, din, chatter, vocal noise (in later times esp. of birds). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by noises > voice or sound made by animal > [noun] chirma800 songOE chattera1250 cryc1300 languagec1350 notea1400 call1584 gabblea1616 clamour1719 call note1802 vocalization1829 dialect1921 the mind > language > speech > loquacity or talkativeness > [noun] > chatter chirma800 clappingc1386 glavera1400 clapa1420 clackc1440 blabc1460 clattera1500 babble?a1525 babblery1532 pratery1533 clitter-clatter1535 by-talk?1551 prattle1555 prittle-prattle1556 twittle-twattle1565 cacquet1567 prate?1574 prattlement1579 babblement1595 gibble-gabble1600 gabble1602 twattlea1639 tolutiloquence1656 pratement1657 gaggle1668 leden1674 cackle1676 twit-twat1677 clash1685 chit-chat1710 chatter-chitter1711 chitter-chatter1712 palavering1732 hubble-bubble1735 palaver1748 rattle1748 gum1751 mag1778 gabber1780 gammon1781 gash1787 chattery1789 gabber1792 whitter-whatter1805 yabble1808 clacket1812 talky-talky1812 potter1818 yatter1827 blue streak1830 gabblement1831 psilologya1834 chin-music1834 patter1841 jaw1842 chatter1851 brabble1861 tongue-work1866 yacker1882 talkee1885 chelp1891 chattermag1895 whitter1897 burble1898 yap1907 clatfart1913 jive1928 logorrhœa1935 waffle1937 yackety-yacking1953 yack1958 yackety-yack1958 motormouth1976 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise chirma800 dina1000 utas1202 noise?c1225 nurthc1225 dinninga1400 glama1400 glavera1400 reer?a1400 reirdc1400 dunch1440 steveningc1440 rebound1457 bruit?1473 alarm1489 yell1509 gild?a1513 shout?a1513 reveriea1522 routa1522 thundering1560 rumouringc1563 dinrie?1566 rear1567 fray1568 thunder-crack1595 thunder1600 fanfarea1605 fragor1605 clamour1606 thunder-clap1610 obstrepency1623 tonitruation1658 randana1661 clarion1667 leden1674 bluster1724 salvoa1734 ding1750 row1753 tonance1778 dunder1780 chang1788 blare1807 flare1815 detonation1830 trump1848 trumpeting1850 foghorn1875 yammer1932 a800 Corpus Gloss. 925 Fragor, suoeg, cirm. c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 6 Æt middere niht þa cirm geworden wæs. a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 205 Clangor, tubarum sonus..dyne, geþun, cyrm. a1250 Owl & Nightingale 305 TheȜ crowe bigrede him..And goþ to him mid heore chirme. 1553 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Eneados iii. vi. 14 That vnderstandis, the..chirme of euery byrdis, voce on fer. 1806 J. Train Poet. Reveries 79 (Jam.) A chirm she heard..out o' a hole she shot her head. 2. esp. The mingled din or noise of many birds or voices, the ‘hum’ of school children, insects, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] > sound of singing songeOE chirm1530 charm1548 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > thing heard > [noun] > sound > assemblage or body of > blended or concordant chirm1530 charm1548 unison1619 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 617 What a cherme these byrdes make [Fr. jargonnent]! 1547 Brend Lett. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 379 Words confirmed with a churme of those that stood about. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lv. 1 With this a chirme in mumering there fell: Amongst them [insects] all. 1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. K.ii^v Then was there hard..[a] cherme of loude speaking. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. 235 Grammer schooles ringing againe with a chirme of schollers. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 186 [Perkin] was conueighed leasurely on Horsebacke..through Cheape-side..with the Churme of a thousand taunts and reproches. 1841 Fraser's Mag. 23 457 A coming tempest announces itself by the birds subduing their song to a chirm. †3. A company or flock (of finches). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > group of chirmc1430 c1430 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (1822) 30 A chyrme of fynches, a swarme of bees. 1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj A Cherme of Goldefynches. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii.xiii. 311/1 A Chern of Gold-finches. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). chirmv. /tʃəːm/ Forms: Old English cirm-an, cyrm-an, Middle English chirmen, Middle English–1500s chirme, chyrm(e, 1500s– chirm, (1800s churm). Etymology: Old English cirm-an to cry out, shout, make a noise. Compare Dutch kermen, Middle Dutch kermen, karmen, to mourn, lament, Middle Low German kermen. The ulterior history is uncertain. archaic and dialect. 1. intransitive. To cry out, vociferate, roar: originally used widely, but in Middle and modern English, chiefly restricted to the melodious chatter or warbling of birds, or of human beings compared to birds. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > chirp or twitter chirmOE chattera1250 janglea1300 jargon?a1366 chirkc1386 chirtc1386 chitterc1386 twittera1387 chirpc1440 yipc1440 channerc1480 quitter1513 chirrup1579 chipper1593 pip1598 gingreate1623 chita1639 sweet1677 shatter17.. swee-swee1839 weet-weet1845 cheet1855 tweet1856 twiddle1863 weet1866 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (intransitive)] chirmOE talec1275 rounda1325 cryc1384 shoutc1385 hallowc1420 roupa1425 glaster1513 hollo1542 yawl1542 to set up (also out) one's throat1548 vociferate1548 bawl1570 gape1579 hollo out?1602 holloa1666 to cry up1684 holler1699 halloo1709 belvea1794 parliament1893 foghorn1918 rort1931 OE Guthlac B 908 Hwilum wedende swa wilde deor cirmdon on corðre. OE Judith 270 Hi ða samod ealle ongunnon cohhetan, cirman hlude ond gristbitian. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 121 Sparewe..chitereð oa & chirmeð...For swa ach ancre..chirmin & chiterin hire beoden. c1475 Partenay 878 Briddes..meryly chirmed in the grene wod. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Cantillo, to chante or chirme. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii To Chirme like birdes, Gingreate. 1700 Wallace Acct. New Caledonia in Miscellanea Curiosa (Royal Soc.) (1708) III. 417 We have a Monkey aboard that chirms like a Lark. 1773 R. Fergusson Poems 116 Linties chirming frae the spray. 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 18 Then he wad chirm and talk, And say ded, ded, mam, mam, and aw. 1840 J. Galt Demon of Destiny 63 Admiring wonder churm'd from all the throng. 1860–80 R. Ferguson Dial. Cumberland (E.D.S.) Chirm, to chirp. 1865 A. Smith Summer in Skye (1880) 345 The fairy sits..chirming and singing songs to the cows. 2. transitive or with cognate object. ΚΠ 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i. 1 To hear the Birds chirm o'er their pleasing Rants. 1832 W. Motherwell in Whistle-Binkie 1st Ser. 73 The corncraik was chirming His sad eerie cry. Derivatives chirming n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [noun] > twitter or chirp > action of chatteringa1250 writelingc1275 jargoning?a1366 chitteringc1374 jargonc1386 chirpingc1440 chirming1481 garrulingc1550 chirruping1579 twittering1773 twitteration1805 chippering1879 the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [adjective] > singing or chirping chatteringa1250 chantinga1529 chippering1593 pipient1607 chirping1611 twittering1628 chittering1821 weeting1852 chirming1854 garrulous1854 1481 W. Caxton tr. Cicero Old Age And knewe the thyngys to come by the chyrmyng and by the song and by the countenance of foulys and birddys. 1595 A. Duncan Appendix Etymologiae: Index in Latinae Grammaticae Augur, a gesser be the chirming of birds. 1854 H. Keddie Phemie Millar 33 A chirming..foolish woman. 1870 ‘Ouida’ Puck III. ii. 38 Sounds of..stirring bees and chirming birds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a800v.OE
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