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单词 adze
释义

adzen.

Brit. /adz/, U.S. /ædz/
Forms:

α. early Old English adosa, early Old English eadesa (Mercian), Old English adesa, Old English adysa, Old English (rare)–Middle English adese, late Old English adsa, late Old English eadusa (Mercian), Middle English adise, Middle English adse, Middle English adyse, Middle English–1500s adys, 1500s addece, 1500s addys, 1500s–1600s addes, 1500s–1600s addis, 1500s–1600s adds, 1500s–1600s nads, 1500s–1700s ads, 1500s–1800s addice, 1600s addiz, 1600s– adz (now chiefly U.S.), 1600s– adze; English regional (Somerset) 1800s attice.

β. 1600s atch; English regional (Yorkshire) 1800s nadge, 1800s– adge.

See also eatche n.
Origin: Of unknown origin.
Etymology: Origin unknown. Perhaps compare axe n.1 Compare eatche n.A number of attempts have been made to find a further etymology of this word, but these are all problematic; a summary and discussion can be found in A. Liberman Analyt. Dict. Eng. Etymol. (2008) 1–3. In Old English the word usually is a weak masculine (adesa ); a weak feminine by-form (adese ) is very occasionally attested. In Old English, the word originally had a back vowel in its medial syllable, and consequently the vowel of the first syllable was a (rather than æ ; e.g. early Old English adosa), except in Mercian, where the initial vowel became æ by Second Fronting, and the following back vowel caused back mutation to ea (e.g. Mercian eadesa, eadusa). Forms such as early modern English addice clearly show a voiceless fricative, perhaps the result of sporadic failure of voicing of intervocalic fricatives (f , s , þ ) in Old English (compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §445). Forms with initial n- show metanalysis (see N n.). In regional (especially North American) use (in α. forms) sometimes attested with unchanged plural from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
A tool similar to an axe, with a blade set at right angles to the shaft, typically used for cutting or slicing away the surface of wood; (also) a similar implement used as an agricultural or gardening tool for breaking up or loosening the surface of the ground.Sometimes (esp. in archaeological contexts) applied to the head or blade of a tool of this sort; cf. quot. 1870.In Old English frequently rendering Latin ascia axe, adze and usually distinguished from Old English æx axe n.1 (which frequently renders Latin securis axe: see securi- comb. form).axe-, poll-adze, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > adze > [noun]
adzeeOE
thixelc1300
disea1400
dolabre1474
eatche1611
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > axe > [noun] > small
adzeeOE
hatcheta1350
chip axe1371
chipping axec1425
hack-chip1440
hatcha1533
plane-axe1611
planing axe1611
hand-axe1790
hack iron1831
tommy axe1848
tommy1873
Pulaski1924
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iv. iii. 264 He..bær him æxe & adosan on honda [L. securim atque asciam in manu ferens].
OE Ælfric Gloss. (St. John's Oxf.) 318 Ascia, adesa [OE Harl. 107 adese].
lOE Laws: Gerefa (Corpus Cambr.) xv. 455 He sceal fela tola to tune tilian & fela andlomena to husan habban: æcse, adsan, bil, byrse.
1415 Inventory in Archaeologia (1918) 70 99 (MED) Vn Adise, pris ij d.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xliv. 13 A carpenter stretchide forth a reule, he fourmyde it with an adese [a1382 E.V. in a grauyng iren; L. runcina].
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. l. 1161 (MED) Get rakis, crokis, adsis..And doubil bityng axis for this thornys.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 193/1 Addis a coupers instrument. Dolovere.
1578 R. Scot Perfite Platforme of Hoppe Garden (rev. ed.) 27 Prepare a toole af yron fashioned somewhat lyke to a Coopers Addes.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. D2 Some had barres of yron..some wood kniues, some addises for theyr weapons.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 22 Sept. (1972) VI. 236 An Ewe-tree..which upon cutting with an addes, we found to be rather harder then the living tree usually is.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 121 The Adz..hath its Blade made thin, and somewhat arching.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 79 I had..to cut down a Tree..hew it flat on either Side with my Axe..and then dubb it smooth with my Adze.
1769 J. Cook Jrnl. 1 May (1955) I. 86 He cast his eye upon the Adze I had..that was made in immitation of one of their Stone Adzes.
1801 A. Young Gleanings from Bks. on Agric. 110 Mole or Ant-Hills are removed by chopping round them with a heavy adze or grubbing hoe.
1870 Jrnl. Ethnol. Soc. London 1869–70 2 160 One stone adze.., one fine flint hatchet.., four oval flint knives or spear-heads.
1934 Pop. Mech. Aug. 298/1 Given a rough-hewn effect with a carpenter's adz, this sturdy, wheeled terrace table is both attractive and practical.
1998 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 6 Dec. 18 The dogs are not fed until they sniff a hidden truffle... The master then delicately prises open the hard earth with his narrow-bladed adze.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as adze blade, adze handle, etc.
ΚΠ
1774 Town & Country Mag. Aug. 425/2 The adze blade is extremely tough, but not very hard.
1842 Voy. Capt. Cook I. 95 (caption) Toothed Adze-head.
1844 C. Wilkes Narr. U.S. Exploring Exped. I. 332 Their adzes..were formed of the tridachna or cassis shell, lashed on a handle somewhat resembling our adze-handles.
1896 Proc. & Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci. 9 44 The thongs which bound it to an adze-haft.
1912 C. Wissler N. Amer. Indians of Plains 58 The adze tool used in dressing buffalo skins.
1964 Arctic Anthropol. 2 145/2 Also of interest are the models of kayaks.., adz handles and clay pots, all of walrus ivory, found in various graves.
2003 Sci. News 12 Apr. 234/2 The experts—who had passed through apprenticeships of 5 to 10 years—made a different breed of adze blades than novices did.
C2.
adze-eye n. chiefly U.S. a deep socket in the blade of a tool (esp. a hammer) into which the wooden handle is fitted; (originally and frequently attributive) of or designating a tool having such a fitting, esp. in adze-eye hammer.
ΚΠ
1857 Daily Disp. (Richmond, Va.) 17 Apr. (advt.) Maydole's cast steel Adze Eye Hammers.
1865 Synopsis of Evid. 15 in Naval Gen. Court Martial (Charleston, Mass.) F. W. Smith v. One claw hammer... Jones's steel-faced and claw, adze eye.
1872 Sci. Amer. 25 May 357/2 (advt.) Manufacturers of the celebrated ‘Washoe’ Adze Eye Picks.
1910 E. G. Allen Man. Training Common School iv. 70 Hammers made with the adze-eye hold the handle better than does the hammer made without it.
1952 Winnipeg Free Press 1 Nov. 33/5 (advt.) 16 oz. Octagon head adze eye claw hammer.
1978 P. B. Kebabian Amer. Woodworking Tools iii. 45/1 David Maydole of Norwich, New York, who established his hammer manufactory in 1843, introduced the ‘adz-eye’ hammer. He extended the eye for an inch or so, providing a firmer support for the handle.
1998 S. Nagyszalanczy Art of Fine Tools (2000) 71 Maydole..never patented his design, though practically all hammers made since 1900 incorporate his adze-eye head.

Derivatives

ˈadze-like adj.
ΚΠ
1822 T. Cromwell Excurs. County of Kent 99 20 chisel, or adze-like implements, evidently of great antiquity.
1933 Amer. Anthropologist 35 96 The copper adze-like axe in the palæo-metallic epoch became widely distributed.
2007 A. Bridgewater & G. Bridgewater Self-Sufficiency Handbk. 80/2 Large hoes with adze-like heads.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adzev.

Brit. /adz/, U.S. /ædz/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: adze n.
Etymology: < adze n.
transitive. To carve or cut (at, out, etc.) using an adze.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > trim, smooth, or plane
try1593
shoot?1677
traverse1678
trim1679
stick1703
dub1711
adze1744
to rough off1748
strike1842
jack-plane1861
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 118 Every Piece, put in, being an whole Tree, and those only adzed, so as to lie close.
1808 J. Phillips et al. Crosby's Builder's New Price-bk. (ed. 12) 97/1 (table) Old joists adzed to a level.
1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches II. 317 Hammering, adzing, sawing at the Ship of the State.
1896 H. L. Roth Natives of Sarawak & Brit. N. Borneo I. vii. 162 The lower piece was adzed out like a trough.
1936 J. Cary Afr. Witch vi. 123 The noise of her grandfather adzing a canoe.
1998 P. Grace Baby No-eyes (1999) xxv. 202 Abe had adzed a figure out of a railway sleeper.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.eOEv.1744
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