| 释义 |
absolvev.  Brit.  /əbˈzɒlv/, U.S. /əbˈzɔlv/, /æbˈzɔlv/, /əbˈsɔlv/, /æbˈsɔlv/, /əbˈzɑlv/, /æbˈzɑlv/, /əbˈsɑlv/, /æbˈsɑlv/Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin absolvere. Etymology: < classical Latin absolvere to free, release, to find not guilty, acquit, to free from an obligation, to settle with, finish with, to sum up, state briefly, to finish, complete, to bring to perfection, in post-classical Latin also to grant (a person) absolution from sin (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), to interpret (4th cent.) < ab- ab- prefix + solvere solve v. Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French asoldre , Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French asoudre , assoudre , Old French, Middle French absoldre , Middle French, French absoudre (see assoil v., and compare discussion at that entry), and also Old Occitan absolver (11th cent.; also absolvre ), Catalan absoldre (13th cent. as †absoldre , †absolre ), Spanish absolver (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese absolver (15th cent.; 13th cent. as †assolver ), Italian assolvere (early 14th cent.). The Latin word was also borrowed into other Germanic languages at an early date; compare Middle Dutch, Dutch absolveren , Middle Low German absolvēren , German absolvieren (beginning of the 15th cent.). Compare earlier absolute adj., absolution n.In to absolve from the instance at sense 4b after Dutch absolveren van de instantie (16th cent. or earlier); compare later absolution from the instance at absolution n. 3b. With the β. forms compare ob- prefix. N.E.D. (1884) records variation between voiceless (/s/) and voiced ( /z/) consonant at the beginning of the second syllable. Later British pronouncing dictionaries (from the early 20th cent. onwards) give only /z/. In American English, on the other hand, early lexicographical records such as Webster (1854) give only /z/, but already in the 1886 edition of Webster both the voiced and voiceless variant are recorded, and this situation has remained in American English to the present day. The underlying 17th-cent. voicing of /s/ before stressed vowels is a sporadic sound change. See further E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §365, and compare e.g. dissolve v., resolve v., which always have /z/, and absorb v., which shows similar variation between /s/ and /z/. society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > be exempt from (a liability or obligation) [verb (transitive)] > free from obligation ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 289 (MED) This pope cursed..Henricus the thrydde, emperoure, and absolvede alle men from alle fidelite made to hym. 1535 W. Marshall tr. Marsilius of Padua ii. v. f. 59 Wyll any preest, who soeuer he be, absolue subiectes from the othe, by whiche they are bounden to theyr christen lordes and Soueraygnes? 1587 W. Allen 18 Al subiectes are not only absolued, & discharged of their seruice, oth, homage, & obedi[en]cce [etc.]. 1649 J. Milton xiii. 137 To be..his own Pope and to absolve himselfe of those ties. 1682 J. Bunyan 42 Shaddai had not power to absolve them from this Covenant with death. 1721 N. Amhurst (1754) No. 3. 12 He takes the oaths of allegiance and supremacy:..some have thought themselves sufficiently absolved from them by kissing their thumbs, instead of the book. 1761 D. Hume I. viii. 176 The Popes authority..had absolved them from all oaths which they had taken. 1814 W. Scott II. xiv. 219 The rigour with which he had been treated fully absolved him in his own eyes from his allegiance to the existing government. View more context for this quotation 1876 E. A. Freeman III. xii. 150 So many wrongs had at last absolved him from every duty of a vassal. 1920 D. H. Lawrence xv. 212 Unless I set my will, unless I absolve myself from the rhythm of life, fix myself and remain static. 1939 27 461 The seizure of the ship amounted to frustration of the contract absolving the defendant from any further obligation. 1993 Mar. 33/3 Checklists and signed acceptance forms do not absolve hire companies of their responsibility to supply safe vehicles in good condition. 2. Chiefly Christian Church. a. To grant (a person) absolution from sin. Also more generally: to acquit or set free from blame, guilt, a charge, etc. society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > absolution > give absolution [verb (transitive)] society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > justification > justify [verb (transitive)] > exculpate 1496 tr. sig. Diij For the preest may not absolue me fro my synnes. 1535 W. Marshall tr. Marsilius of Padua i. x. f. 24 In the regyons of certayne barbarous people..a murtherer or manqueller shal be quyet and absolued from cyuyle blame and the cyuyle payne or punysshement, so that he do paye money or some other thynge of value. 1578 J. Lyly f. 75v Who absolued Marie Magdalene from hir sinnes but Christ? 1619 T. Taylor (new ed.) ii. 14. 317 Absoluing vs both from the guilt and punishment of them. 1702 I. i. 20 Notwithstanding..that he was absolv'd from any notorious crime..he was at last condemn'd in a great Fine. 1845 J. Martineau (1852) 118 They have no templar and sacerdotal duties, can offer no sacrifice, absolve from no sin. 1870 R. W. Dale i. 20 This does not absolve him from moral blame. 1959 ‘D. Buckingham’ v. 37 I signed a ‘blood chit’ in the Adj.'s office, absolving everyone from blame if I broke my neck. 1992 M. Medved v. xvi. 254 The fact that our governmental leaders may be selfish and irresponsible in no way absolves the most powerful people in Hollywood from the same charges. society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > absolution > give absolution [verb (transitive)] 1525 G. Dunbar Curse in (1836) IV. 419 To schriffe or absolve yaim of thaire synnys. 1565 W. Allen i. xii. f. 117 The impœnitent sinner, whome the prieste..pronounced to be absolued of his sinnes. 1620 tr. G. Boccaccio I. iii. i. f. 81 Her Ghostly Father..absolued her of that sinne. 1651 T. Hobbes iii. xxxviii. 241 With them that were absolved of their sinnes. 1713 S. Hill 6 The Minister that Baptizes a Proselyte, cleanses and absolves him entirely from all the Stain and Penal Guilt of all his former Sins. 1799 W. Render tr. F. Schiller v. iii. 170 Call the confessor, that he may absolve me of my sins. 1834 T. H. Chivers ii. i. 24 There be no hand, so good, on earth, As to absolve me of this cursed crime! 1914 J. Joyce 12 I too was smiling feebly as if to absolve the simoniac of his sin. 2000 Feb. 66/2 The shrink sessions..contain elements of special pleading, as if Tony's soul-sickness absolves him of moral responsibility for his actions. society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > make confession [verb (transitive)] > hear confession, shrive 1528 W. Tyndale f. cv Now when thou absolvest in latyne the vnlerned heareth not. ?1549 T. Becon sig. Ci Neyther did the Apostles absolue any otherwise than by the preachyng of gods worde. 1613 S. Purchas i. vi. 25 Conscience as a Witnesse, Patron, or Iudge within vs, accuseth, excuseth, condemneth, or absolueth. 1667 J. Milton iii. 291 Thy merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Thir own both righteous and unrighteous deeds. View more context for this quotation 1692 S. Patrick 97 God absolves by his Ministers. 1744 M. Jones Let. 22 Apr. in (1750) 255 'Tis but bringing a valuable Consideration to the Priest, and the good Man grows blind, and absolves in an instant. 1790 A. Smith (ed. 6) I. iii. ii. 323 We scarce dare to absolve ourselves, when all our brethren appear loudly to condemn us. 1817 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange (1870) II. i. 11 One's conscience may be pretty well absolved for not admiring this man. 1865 F. Parkman Champlain vi, in 265 Biard..gained his pardon, received his confession, and absolved him. 1916 J. Joyce v. 207 It was the face of a guilty priest who heard confessions of those whom he had not power to absolve. 1956 19 228 Even that would not absolve him altogether. 1995 E. Toman vi. 156 He had his right hand in the air tracing the sign of the cross and she knew she was absolved. 2005 (Nexis) June 330 No one has the power to absolve and distribute spiritual benefits. society > faith > worship > sacrament > confession > absolution > give absolution [verb (transitive)] > absolve a sin 1537 tr. lxxxii. 41 These haue authorite of ye B. of Rome to absolue all crymes. 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello f. 133v Thauthoritie of my profession is sufficient to dispense and absolue the synne. 1592 W. Warner (rev. ed.) viii. xli. 179 The Pope for pay absolueth euery thing. 1656 A. Cowley ii. 77 The Cause absolves the Crime. 1662 J. Dryden 2 Not to increase but to absolve our Crimes. 1711 R. Laurence v. 123 A Laick's pretending to Bind and Loose, to Absolve and Retain Sins. 1773 J. Ross (MS) iii. 545 Eternal clemency will hear thy suit, Absolve the error and thy soul recheer. 1806 M. G. Lewis v. 113 And then to think, no priest absolved his errors. 1845 R. Ford I. i. 67 He was a good Roman Catholic canon who believed everything, absolved everything, drank everything. 1904 24 359 Absolve my sins, lift up my face! 1960 A. S. Neill iv, 243 If a Roman Catholic sins, he confesses to his priest and the priest absolves the sin. 1991 M. Dorris & L. Erdrich ii. 33 The low voice heard beyond the grille, veiled lubricious sins recounted and absolved. 3. the mind > attention and judgement > testing > resolving of problem, solution > find solution, solve [verb (transitive)] a1525 Bk. Sevyne Sagis 2144, in W. A. Craigie (1925) II. 68 For to absolue þe questioun. 1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara 313 Some high misterie, which, if it be facill to demaund, is very dificill to absolue. 1594 (new ed.) 148 It maketh iust 700 pound, and so is the question trulie absolued. a1625 J. Fletcher Women Pleas'd v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Ffffff2/1 If I absolve the words? 1667 J. Evelyn (1857) III. 195 The inventions, and phenomena already absolved, improved, or opened. 1697 tr. F. Burgersdijck i. xxiv. 98 Speech is either perfect or imperfect. Perfect is that that absolves the sentence; an imperfect is not. the world > action or operation > completing > complete (an action or piece of work) [verb (transitive)] > get finished with (a task, etc.) 1574 tr. To Rdr. sig. Eiiiiv Iff..some other off lower calling and lesse busines adde vnto those 69. one other storie.., and so absolue that worke. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger I. ii. viii. sig. Nv/2 In these fewe woordes..are comprehended al that which profounde Philosophers..doe scarcelie absolue in infinite bookes. 1615 H. Crooke 301 When the Infant is perfected and absolued the vitall heate floweth onely from the heart as from a most plentifull fountaine. 1628 R. Burton (ed. 3) ii. ii. iii. 239 Saturne in 30 yeares absolues his sole and proper motion. 1667 J. Milton vii. 94 The work begun, how soon Absolv'd . View more context for this quotation 1718 M. Prior (new ed.) 300 She conscious of the Grace, absolv'd her Trust, Not unrewarded. 1744 M. Akenside i. 194 Bend the reluctant planets to absolve The fated rounds of time. 1801 E. Darwin III. 363 The frequent swallowing of weak broth..relieves the patient, and absolves the cure. 1900 14 2 His task was absolved with rare thoroughness. 1937 59 13 The laborious task..has been absolved by the late De Sitter. 1999 M. Frede in K. Ierodiakonou 88 The designer managed, given his enormous resourcefulness, to absolve the task. 4. Law. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > acquittal or clearing of accusation > acquit or clear of accusation [verb (transitive)] 1539 in J. Stuart (1844) I. 162 The balȝes dischargit and abso [l] uit the personis. 1591 in S. Ree (1908) II. 18 Absoluit fra forther accusatiounis. c1626 H. Bisset (1922) II. 99 The Commisseris obsolved the defender. 1665 R. Boyle To Sophronia sig. A5v Divers of the Criticks themselves will chuse rather to Absolve my Writings, than Condemn Your Judgment. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer III. xi. 702 Minos, the strict inquisitor, appears;..Absolves the just, and dooms the guilty souls. 1741 C. Middleton (ed. 3) II. vi. 156 Cato, who absolved him, chose to give his vote openly. 1860 E. B. Pusey 314 To judge unjustly, absolving the guilty, condemning the innocent. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius iv. 292 Words are introduced empowering the judge to condemn or absolve. 1928 F. de Zulueta in C. Bailey 190 A written instruction to the iudex,..which ordered him to condemn or absolve the defendant. 1958 R. K. Narayan x. 199 He had absolved many a public swindler in the public eye and in the eye of the law. 1983 27 163 If the condition does not materialize..the judge must absolve the defendant. 1811 H. J. da Costa 335 If there is not sufficient proof..that he may be held as convict, he shall be absolved from the instance.] 1844 10 Oct. 3 Defendants absolved from the instance with costs,—subject to review by the Supreme Court. 1908 9 314 The Supreme Court of Cape Colony accepted the contention of the respondents... They were accordingly absolved from the instance. 1982 A. Brink 521 The Court consequently absolves the 10th prisoner Pamela from this instance. 2006 (Nexis) 14 June I trust I garner sufficient mitigation to be absolved from the instance of his strict judgment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  v.?a1475 |