cleeven.

Brit.

/kliːv/, U.S.

/kliv/

Forms:

α. Middle English cleoue, Middle English–1600s cleue, Middle English 1600s 1800s cleve, 1500s cleaue, 1500s–1600s cleeue, 1500s–1600s clieue, 1500s– cleeve, 1800s cleave.

β. Middle English cleef, Middle English clef, Middle English clefe, Middle English cleyffez (plural), Middle English clieffe, Middle English clyef, 1500s–1600s clief; N.E.D. (1889) also records a form Middle English cleof.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: cliff n.

Etymology: Variant of cliff n., showing the reflex of Old English inflected forms with back mutation and Middle English open syllable lengthening (see further discussion at cliff n.). Compare cleo n.In form cleave probably by association with (apparently unrelated) cleave v.¹ (to split); compare discussion at cliff n. Widely attested in place names, as e.g. Bishop's Cleeve , Gloucestershire (8th cent. (in an 11th cent. copy) as aet Clife , 1320 as Cleyve ), Clevedon , Somerset (1086 as Clivedone ), Cleveland , Yorkshire (c1110 as Clivelanda ). In a number of instances (as e.g. the first two names above), the geographical features referred to appear to be hills or hillsides (compare cliff n. 3a and sense 2).

†1. A high, very steep rock face; = cliff n. 1. Obsolete.Despite showing the spelling cliff, quot. a1640 has been taken as showing the present word, the rhyme with relief indicating pronunciation with a long vowel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun]

cliffOE

cleoa1300

cleevec1300

rochec1300

clougha1400

heugha1400

brackc1530

clift1567

perpendicular1604

precipice1607

precipe1615

precipit1623

abrupt1624

scar1673

bluff1687

rock wall1755

krantz1785

linn1799

scarp1802

scaur1805

escarpment1815

rock face1820

escarp1856

hag1868

glint1906

scarping1909

stone-cliff1912

ledra1942

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 959 Was þe cleue swiþe heh ware a-noppe hii [c1275 Calig. þer heo acliue] fohte.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 964 Euere-more haueþ þat clef [c1275 Calig. clif] þare name.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Ai^v The white Cleeuys & Rokkys at Douer.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. 203 Vpon the toppe of a high clieue, hangyng ouer the Sea.

1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 252/2 This city..was fensed with high rockes and cleaues.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 300 Rob Dovers neighboring Cleeues of Sampyre.

1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. iv. 84 Ô yee Sea binding Cleeues.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) 240 That from their natural mother scarce have got relief, When presently they tumble over cliff.

2. A steeply sloping area of ground; a steep hillside. English regional (south-western) in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > steep

cliffOE

cleevec1300

hangingc1400

braea1500

steep1555

steepness1585

proclivity1645

upright1712

sliddera1793

snab1797

scarp1802

escarpment1815

shin1817

escarp1856

hag1868

jump-off1873

inface1896

fault-scarp1897

scarping1909

fault-line scarp1911

steephead1918

jump-up1927

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 10409 Þanne flicþ he to þan cleoue, and his hol secheþ.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 167 Too fote & half the feld, & thre the cleves.

1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. cv^v/2 Clefe of an hyll, declinum.

a1500 (?c1400) Song of Roland (1880) l. 422 (MED) Then will Roulond rid among the cleves.

1833 Blackwood's Mag. 34 872 By grassy bank or cleve.

1882 Athenæum 26 Aug. 265/3 Every one who has once seen Dartmoor knows exactly what is meant by a tor and a cleave.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Cleeve, a steep field; any steep, sloping ground; the side of a hill; a cliff.

1889 Academy 7 Sept. 154/7 The cleves of Dartmoor are well known to all visitors of that district.

1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 401 Cleeve [Somerset, Wiltshire, Devon] and shoot very likely mean ‘steep slope’.

1996 G. Goodland Littoral 7 Keeping to the cleeve, I print Soilmarks wetshod as my toes distress Under slow earth pressures.

†3. The shore of the sea. Also: the bank of a river. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun]

staithec893

cliffeOE

overeOE

wartha1000

strandc1000

brimc1275

brinka1300

rivagec1330

water bankc1384

cleevea1387

watersidea1387

clifta1398

rival?a1400

shorec1400

water breach1495

common shorea1568

verge1606

praia1682

riva1819

splash zone1933

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 37 Wighte..is in þe est side sex myle from þe souþ cleef of Bretayne [L. a meridiano Britanniæ littore].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xcix. 879 Glas was first yfounde bisides Thelomaida in þe cleue bysides þe ryuer..whiles schipmen ryuede þere.

a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Pierpont Morgan) xii. i And draweþ þe pray..to þe cleue [L. ad littus trahit].

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1470 Romynge on the clyuys [a1450 Tanner Cleuys, c1500 Selden clevis] by the se.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	cleeve
释义	cleeven. Brit. /kliːv/, U.S. /kliv/ Forms: α. Middle English cleoue, Middle English–1600s cleue, Middle English 1600s 1800s cleve, 1500s cleaue, 1500s–1600s cleeue, 1500s–1600s clieue, 1500s– cleeve, 1800s cleave. β. Middle English cleef, Middle English clef, Middle English clefe, Middle English cleyffez (plural), Middle English clieffe, Middle English clyef, 1500s–1600s clief; N.E.D. (1889) also records a form Middle English cleof. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: cliff n. Etymology: Variant of cliff n., showing the reflex of Old English inflected forms with back mutation and Middle English open syllable lengthening (see further discussion at cliff n.). Compare cleo n.In form cleave probably by association with (apparently unrelated) cleave v.¹ (to split); compare discussion at cliff n. Widely attested in place names, as e.g. Bishop's Cleeve , Gloucestershire (8th cent. (in an 11th cent. copy) as aet Clife , 1320 as Cleyve ), Clevedon , Somerset (1086 as Clivedone ), Cleveland , Yorkshire (c1110 as Clivelanda ). In a number of instances (as e.g. the first two names above), the geographical features referred to appear to be hills or hillsides (compare cliff n. 3a and sense 2). †1. A high, very steep rock face; = cliff n. 1. Obsolete.Despite showing the spelling cliff, quot. a1640 has been taken as showing the present word, the rhyme with relief indicating pronunciation with a long vowel. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > cliff > [noun] cliffOE cleoa1300 cleevec1300 rochec1300 clougha1400 heugha1400 brackc1530 clift1567 perpendicular1604 precipice1607 precipe1615 precipit1623 abrupt1624 scar1673 bluff1687 rock wall1755 krantz1785 linn1799 scarp1802 scaur1805 escarpment1815 rock face1820 escarp1856 hag1868 glint1906 scarping1909 stone-cliff1912 ledra1942 c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 959 Was þe cleue swiþe heh ware a-noppe hii [c1275 Calig. þer heo acliue] fohte. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) 964 Euere-more haueþ þat clef [c1275 Calig. clif] þare name. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Ai^v The white Cleeuys & Rokkys at Douer. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. 203 Vpon the toppe of a high clieue, hangyng ouer the Sea. 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 252/2 This city..was fensed with high rockes and cleaues. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 300 Rob Dovers neighboring Cleeues of Sampyre. 1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. iv. 84 Ô yee Sea binding Cleeues. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) 240 That from their natural mother scarce have got relief, When presently they tumble over cliff. 2. A steeply sloping area of ground; a steep hillside. English regional (south-western) in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > steep cliffOE cleevec1300 hangingc1400 braea1500 steep1555 steepness1585 proclivity1645 upright1712 sliddera1793 snab1797 scarp1802 escarpment1815 shin1817 escarp1856 hag1868 jump-off1873 inface1896 fault-scarp1897 scarping1909 fault-line scarp1911 steephead1918 jump-up1927 c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 10409 Þanne flicþ he to þan cleoue, and his hol secheþ. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ii. l. 167 Too fote & half the feld, & thre the cleves. 1499 Promptorium Parvulorum (Pynson) sig. cv^v/2 Clefe of an hyll, declinum. a1500 (?c1400) Song of Roland (1880) l. 422 (MED) Then will Roulond rid among the cleves. 1833 Blackwood's Mag. 34 872 By grassy bank or cleve. 1882 Athenæum 26 Aug. 265/3 Every one who has once seen Dartmoor knows exactly what is meant by a tor and a cleave. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Cleeve, a steep field; any steep, sloping ground; the side of a hill; a cliff. 1889 Academy 7 Sept. 154/7 The cleves of Dartmoor are well known to all visitors of that district. 1967 H. Orton & M. F. Wakelin Surv. Eng. Dial. IV. ii. 401 Cleeve [Somerset, Wiltshire, Devon] and shoot very likely mean ‘steep slope’. 1996 G. Goodland Littoral 7 Keeping to the cleeve, I print Soilmarks wetshod as my toes distress Under slow earth pressures. †3. The shore of the sea. Also: the bank of a river. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun] staithec893 cliffeOE overeOE wartha1000 strandc1000 brimc1275 brinka1300 rivagec1330 water bankc1384 cleevea1387 watersidea1387 clifta1398 rival?a1400 shorec1400 water breach1495 common shorea1568 verge1606 praia1682 riva1819 splash zone1933 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 37 Wighte..is in þe est side sex myle from þe souþ cleef of Bretayne [L. a meridiano Britanniæ littore]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. xcix. 879 Glas was first yfounde bisides Thelomaida in þe cleue bysides þe ryuer..whiles schipmen ryuede þere. a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Pierpont Morgan) xii. i And draweþ þe pray..to þe cleue [L. ad littus trahit]. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1470 Romynge on the clyuys [a1450 Tanner Cleuys, c1500 Selden clevis] by the se. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1300
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