citev.

Brit.

/sʌɪt/, U.S.

/saɪt/

Forms: late Middle English syte, late Middle English–1600s cyte, late Middle English– cite, 1500s–1600s scite; Scottish pre-1700 ceit, pre-1700 1700s– cite, pre-1700 cyte, pre-1700 site, pre-1700 ceet, pre-1700 citt, pre-1700 set, pre-1700 ceitt.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French citer; Latin citāre.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French citer (French citer ) to summon (a person) formally to appear in a court of law (14th cent.), to prompt or summon (a person) to some specified action (c1300 in citer quelqu'un que in an isolated attestation in Old French, subsequently from 1455 in citer quelqu'un à and citer quelqu'un de with infinitive), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin citāre to move, to excite, to summon, to quote (an author or text), frequentative formation < ciēre (also cīre ) to set in motion, to call, summon, to excite, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek κινεῖν (although the present tense is differently formed in the two languages). Compare Old Occitan citar (13th cent.), Catalan citar (13th cent.), Spanish citar (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese citar (end of the 13th cent.), Italian citare (late 13th cent.), and also Middle Dutch citēren (in late sources; Dutch citeren ), Middle Low German sitēren , citēren , German zitieren (14th cent. as citiren ). Compare citate v.Senses 2 and 3 are not paralleled in French until later than in English. In sense 5 after French citer in its specific sense ‘to make honourable mention of (a person)’ (1704 in this sense); compare slightly earlier citation n. 4. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).

a. transitive. To summon formally to appear, either as a principal or a witness, in a court of law, or to attend some comparable judicial or quasi-judicial hearing. Later also more generally: to notify (a person) formally that he or she is required to comply with legal process, or is to be subject to judicial or disciplinary action; esp. (North American) to issue (a person) with a notification that he or she may be liable to legal sanction (e.g. a fine) in consequence of having contravened a law or regulation.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > summon or issue summons against

cravec1000

summonc1300

summonda1400

convenec1425

cite1438

accitec1475

process1493

convent1538

convent1548

ascite1563

clepe and call1597

exact1607

sist1641

summons1659

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > summon

cite1438

1438 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 103 (MED) Cityng him to appere at the saide courte.

?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. aviij Euery persone whiche is cyted lawfully or rightfully befor his Iuge ordynarye.

1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iv. iii. f. ciii/2 He was cyted by the popes holynes to appere.

1568 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. in J. A. H. Murray Minor Poems D. Lyndesay (1871) 5* Gif ony war suspectit in ony hereticall point,..incontinent thay war cytit, thay war apprehendit, and incarcerat in strang presoun.

1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. ii. 119 An Heretike hee is, a runneaway from the Church, cite him and summon him.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2538 A litle mony from the law will quite thee, Fee but the Sumner, & he shall not cite thee.

1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts 252 The Defendant being cited in a Cause of Jactitation or Boasting of Marriage.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 72 Persons of Honour, and great Quality..were every day cited into the High Commission Court.

1771 M. A. Meilan Emilia i. i. 6 I..was lately cited T'appear before the judge, and there, make answer To a preferred charge of grossest treason.

1834 H. Martineau Demerara (new ed.) x. 115 Ladies have been frequently cited to answer the complaints of slaves.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) v. 1. 217 Philip found an opportunity to cite the King before his court at Paris.

1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 594 Warrant may be obtained from a magistrate to cite witnesses for precognition; if necessary their attendance may be enforced.

1945 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 1 Nov. 5/7 [He] suggested today George Castleden..be cited for contempt of court.

1991 R. Rainey in J. Monfasani & R. G. Musto Renaissance Society & Culture xiv. 224 Having been cited to appear before the judge inquiring into such cases, Lucia's lawyer appeared in her behalf.

2012 A. Rose Showdown in Sonora Desert iv. 67 He was cited for littering by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife officer.

b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts.

ΚΠ

?1530 Dialoges Creatures Moralysed vii. sig. Biv^v The ayre cawsed hym [sc. the wind] to be Cited before the highe Iuge and maker of al thinges.

1543 G. Joye in tr. U. Zwingli Rekening & Declar. Faith sig. dd.viii Your souls shalbe cyted to apere before your iuge christe.

1602 J. Beaumont Metamorph. Tabacco sig. C^v Hermes..Cited the Sunne in person to appeare Before the Gods to tell his cause of stay, Why he so long did dallie with the sea.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 175 Whose arguments we will here scite before the tribunall of Reason.

1751 J. Wesley Let. Dec. (1931) III. 311 I cite Alderman Beecher to answer for these souls at the judgement-seat of Christ.

1776 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies III. xi. 165 We shall not be afraid to cite to the tribunal of reason and justice those governments which tolerate this cruelty.

1913 tr. L. Ginzberg Legends of Jews x. 306 Arise, thou art cited to appear before God.

1995 M. Sullivan & S. Whitsitt tr. G. Agamben Idea of Prose 104 If quotation marks are a summons against language, citing it before the tribunal of thought, the proceedings of this trial cannot remain indefinitely adjourned.

†c. transitive. More generally: to call, invite, summon; to prompt (a person) to some specified action; (also) to evoke (an emotion). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon

lathec900

hightOE

clepec1000

ofclepeOE

ofsendOE

warna1250

callc1300

summonc1300

incalla1340

upcallc1340

summonda1400

becallc1400

ofgredec1400

require1418

assummonc1450

accitec1475

provoke1477

convey1483

mand1483

whistle1486

vocatec1494

wishc1515

to call up1530

citea1533

convent1540

convocate1542

prorogate1543

accersit1548

whistle for1560

advocatea1575

citate1581

evocate1639

demand1650

to warn in1654

summons1694

invoke1697

to send for1744

to turn up1752

requisition1800

whip1857

the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate

stirc897

putOE

sputc1175

prokec1225

prickc1230

commovec1374

baitc1378

stingc1386

movea1398

eager?a1400

pokec1400

provokea1425

tollc1440

cheera1450

irritec1450

encourage1483

incite1483

harden1487

attice1490

pricklea1522

to set on1523

incense1531

irritate1531

animate1532

tickle1532

stomach1541

instigate1542

concitea1555

upsteer1558

urge1565

instimulate1570

whip1573

goad1579

raise1581

to set upa1586

to call ona1592

incitate1597

indarec1599

alarm1602

exstimulate1603

to put on1604

feeze1610

impulse1611

fomentate1613

emovec1614

animalize1617

stimulate1619

spura1644

trinkle1685

cite1718

to put up1812

prod1832

to jack up1914

goose1934

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xxv. f. 43 Incontinent we are cyted to her subtyll trauailes of repentaunce.

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. i. 34 I thinke it cites vs brother to the field.

1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione Vindic. Poesie sig. H4 Apollo Cited the damsell with a gentle hollo.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 398 This, sad experience cites me to reveal.

1740 W. Shenstone Judgm. Hercules 207 Wake the gay Loves and cite the young Desires.

1846 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 25/1 In a storm, cited by the finger of God, he died.

1858 A. H. Compend. of Hist. iii. 503 The original purpose for which he had cited her to Tarsus was entirely forgotten.

a. transitive. To make reference to (a passage, text, author, etc.), esp. as an authority or as providing support for an argument; (sometimes spec.) to quote directly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > use written evidence [verb (transitive)] > quote in support

teemOE

allaya1387

allegea1398

allegate?a1425

recitea1450

exemplify1509

cite1531

vouch1581

quote1582

1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities iv. f. 89 The witnesse & sayenges of those auctors, that we haue cited.

1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. B.iij As Rabbi Kimhy cyted of Bucere vpon that same verse taketh Judicium.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 47 This vearse cited by Cicero, is not to bee founde in Euripides.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 97 The deuill can cite Scripture for his purpose.

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 3 Wee omit to cite to the same effect S. Cyrill.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 364 There is another Devotional Passage, cited out of Euripides, which conteins also a clear acknowledgment of One Self-existent Being.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 1 (note) I cite the whole three verses.

1751 J. Wesley 2nd Let. to Author Enthus. Methodists 2 In your Second [section], you cite (and murder) four or five Lines from one of my Journals.

1803 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 414 Passages..cited by the Pauranicas and their commentators.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 236 I could cite from the seventeenth century sentences and phrases of edge not to be matched in the nineteenth.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 757 The authority cited for the statement.

1938 Oregon Hist. Q. 39 193 The author cites extracts from documents in the Hudson's Bay Company archives to uphold his theory.

1972 J. R. Watt District Magistrate Late Imperial China i. 13 To illustrate this point Wang Hui-tsu..cited a proverb saying ‘if the hurt of the punishment exceeds the offence, it is a disgrace for one's entire life’.

1999 F. W. Marks Brief for Belief v. 118 When New Testament writers cited Hebrew scripture, their source was generally the Septuagint.

2008 B. Goldacre Bad Sci. ix. 171 Referencing should be accurate, and should reflect the content of the paper you are citing.

b. transitive. More generally: to adduce (something) by way of example, proof, supporting evidence, etc.; to give or bring forward as an instance; (Law) to adduce as a precedent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as evidence

to draw forthc1175

showa1325

drawc1330

allaya1387

to avouch a thing upon (a person)1393

allegea1398

adduce?a1425

induce1433

recite1509

infera1529

vouch1531

cite1550

avouch1573

relate1604

instance1608

rejourn1624

quote1663

abduce1720

invoke1879

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > find or furnish an instance or example of [verb (transitive)] > cite as an instance or example

stir1340

cite1550

name1597

instance1622

quote1663

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > give evidence of [verb (transitive)] > adduce as precedent

to call upon ——1536

cite1550

1550 N. Udall tr. P. M. Vermigli Disc. Sacrament Lordes Supper f. vi Thei bothe are aduouchers of transubstanciation, wherefore thei allege aswel the auncient fathers as the newe to make all on their syde. Thei cite ferthermore general councels.

1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties i. f. 29^v [The battle of] Salamis is cited a witnesse of his moste glorious victorie.

1605 Z. Jones tr. P. le Loyer Treat. Specters vi. f. 60^v Averrois citeth..another example of Laundresses, who washing their linnen at the rivers side, doe [etc.].

1614 F. Bacon Charge touching Duels 47 [He proved] that practise to impoyson though it tooke no effect, and the like, haue beene punished in this Court: and cyted the president in Garnons case.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 3 It cites some remarkable Structures.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 40 Some experiments cited from Glauber.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 212 To cite those instances only which have come within my own knowledge.

1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 225 Lord Kenyon observed that the cases cited for him proceeded not on the formal or technical words.

1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming i. 2 China..often cited as an example of national permanence.

1885 Sir W. V. Field in Law Times Rep. 52 652/2 A case which was cited to me of Denton v. Donner.

1920 R. E. H. Dyer Disturbances in Punjab 21 in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 771) XXXIV. 677 I am entitled to cite my conduct and record in such matters as some refutation of the charges of inhumanity levelled against me.

1991 Sci. Amer. Nov. 93/1 Environmental consciousness pays dividends in international competitiveness, Renner declares. He cites the case of Sweden and Germany.

2011 K. G. Ooi Japanese Occup. Borneo vi. 60 Kapitan China General Ong Tiang Swee..excused himself from public office and appearances citing his advanced age.

c. transitive. Originally Law. To refer to (a text, case, etc.) in particular terms, esp. by using an exact bibliographic reference; to give a bibliographic reference for.

ΚΠ

1699 W. Nicolson Eng. Hist. Libr. iii. iii. 100 An antient Miscellany of several notable Treatises; which Volume is commonly cited, and call'd by the Name of Liber ruber Scaccarii, or the Red-Book of the Exchequer.

1736 J. Worrall Bibliotheca Legum 36 Jones's (Sir Will.) in B. R. and C. B. in the Reigns of King James and K. Charles the First... This is cited as 1st Jones.

1803 E. H. East Treat. Pleas of Crown I. p. xiii This book is cited [in this work] as MS. Crown cases reserved; abbreviated, MS. Crown cas. res.

1861 Nat. Hist. Rev. 1 85 The abbreviated titles..by which titles..it is intended to distinguish each periodical when cited in the Bibliography.

1884 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1883–4 21 53 This edition will be hereafter cited as Robert, Fables inédites, or La Fontaine.

1909 Public Libraries Apr. 124/1 Three weeks are allowed in which to prepare the bibliography... The aim of this bibliography is to teach students how to find articles and how to cite references.

1952 J. N. Rentz Marines in Central Solomons 160 This bibliography cites only the more important and useful of the several thousand separate documents consulted in the preparation of this monograph.

2012 Isis 103 332 Hereafter cited as Owning and Disowning Invention, ed. MacLeod and Radick.

3. transitive. Simply: to make mention of or reference to; to put forward for consideration or inspection; to call to mind. Formerly also with †up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > call to mind, recollect [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

bethinkOE

mingOE

thinkOE

monelOE

umbethinkc1175

to draw (also take) into (or to) memorya1275

minc1330

record1340

revert1340

remembera1382

mindc1384

monishc1384

to bring to mindc1390

remenec1390

me meanetha1400

reducec1425

to call to mind1427

gaincall1434

pense1493

remord?1507

revocate1527

revive1531

cite1549

to call back1572

recall1579

to call to mind (also memory, remembrance)1583

to call to remembrance1583

revoke1586

reverse1590

submonish1591

recover1602

recordate1603

to call up1606

to fetch up1608

reconjure1611

collect1612

remind1615

recollect1631

rememorize1632

retrieve1644

think1671

reconnoitre1729

member1823

reminisce1829

rememorate1835

recomember1852

evoke1856

updraw1879

withcall1901

access1978

society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > offer for inspection or consideration [verb (transitive)]

i-taechec888

to lay … beforec1000

showlOE

givec1175

to lay outc1440

produce1459

propose1548

cite1549

product1563

broach1573

offer1583

to hold up1604

to bring in1608

project1611

to bring ona1715

to trot out1838

to bring up1868

muster1904

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > mention

mingOE

to make mention ofc1300

attain1447

mentionatec1525

mention1530

mind1530

notice1611

notice1627

cite1691

citate1894

1549 R. Crowley Psalter of Dauid lxxxvii. sig. Aa.iij^v In his writtynges the Lord shall cyte the peoples euerie one.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. iii. 116 Me thinkes I doe digresse too much, Cyting my worthles praise.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 14 We..cited vp a thousand fearefull times..That had befallen vs.

1691 tr. P. O. de Vaumorière Art of Pleasing in Conversat. xi. 200 [They] look upon it as a great condescention to so much as cite the name of a Knight or ordinary Gentleman.

1752 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria Rediviva 571 The Egyptians, Phenicians, and Carthaginians, are cited as the first, ablest, and most daring Traders of Antiquity, by many great Authors.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 190 Whilst a small cluster of English writers are constantly cited as the fathers of our verse.

1854 Examiner 15 July 439/2 Dr. Whewell observes that the main structure of our language is Saxon, but that all that gives it a living character is derived from the Latin, in exemplification of which..assertion he cites the word prepaid.

1934 Jrnl. Ecol. 22 401 The species cited below are primarily characteristic of Fagetum silvaticae.

1963 J. Maclean tr. J. M. Gironella One Million Dead xxviii. 386 The doctor cited the names of several people who might vouch for him.

1988 E. White Beautiful Room is Empty (1989) vi. 126 When listing people's merits, she often cited their wardrobes.

2010 Oxoniensia 74 150 Caries, calculus, periodontal disease, and ante-mortem tooth loss rates were all..higher than the averages cited for the period.

†4. transitive. To constitute evidence of, to bespeak. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > be or give evidence of

to show forth?c1225

witnessa1300

sustain?c1425

testify1445

showa1500

manifest?a1513

make1573

argue1585

evidence1610

attesta1616

citea1616

evince1621

to speak to ——1624

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 206 Your selfe, Whose aged honor cites a vertuous youth.

5. transitive. Originally U.S. Military. Originally: to mention (a person) in a military dispatch or similar report as having carried out a courageous or otherwise meritorious act (cf. to be mentioned in dispatches at mention v. Phrases 2). Later more generally: to commend (a person) formally, usually in an official report, for exceptional devotion to duty, outstanding service, etc.; to give honourable mention to. Also in extended use. Usually in passive, frequently with for. Cf. citation n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > mention in dispatches

cite1916

1916 Tyrone (Pa.) Herald 23 Mar. 1/7 Four nurses were cited in French army general orders for exceptional devotion to duty.

1917 N.Y. Times 27 Nov. 1/7 The French War Cross has been conferred on the fifteen American officers and men who were cited with their company by the French General commanding the sector.

1919 Recruiters' Bull. (U.S. Marine Corps) Mar. 9/2 Elizabeth [Ford] has been cited for her bravery in the following verse.

1938 Rotarian Jan. 49/1 A scroll citing him for his service.

1990 Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. The development for which Dr Thomas is cited by the Nobel committee is the use of another drug..to stop the grafted bone-marrow cells attacking their new host.

2010 U.S. Black Engineer Winter 38/2 He was cited for his leadership on the president's Fiscal Year budget.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cite
释义	citen. Brit. /sʌɪt/, U.S. /saɪt/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: cite v.; citation n. Etymology: Partly < cite v., and partly shortened < citation n. Compare quote n.²Compare also the earlier graphic abbreviation cit., sometimes also found in the form cite.:1928 Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. Cit., citation.1957 Atlantic Reporter 2nd Ser. No.131 102 The Legislature in 1951 passed the Police Tenure Act, (cite. omitted). U.S. = citation n. 2b, 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > passage quoted citation1548 quotation1618 quoting1853 quote1885 cite1941 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > practice of citing or quoting > that which is quoted concordance1538 citation1548 remnant1601 traverse1608 quotation1618 tag1702 quote1885 cite1941 1941 Descr. Atlas Congress. Roll Calls ii. 16 Since both editions are in common circulation, it was essential to put both sets of cites on the checklists. 1975 Bookletter (N.Y.) 8 Dec. 3/3 He has personally collected a file of over 250,000 cites. 1998 Lawyers Weekly (Nexis) 15 May It's not only law librarians who are concerned with the issue of authenticity of electronic legal cites. 2002 Chicago Tribune 18 Mar. ii. 5/1 Put the text up on the [television] screen as well as reinforcing it with a cite, a footnote and a source, that's what makes these [advertisements] effective. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). citev. Brit. /sʌɪt/, U.S. /saɪt/ Forms: late Middle English syte, late Middle English–1600s cyte, late Middle English– cite, 1500s–1600s scite; Scottish pre-1700 ceit, pre-1700 1700s– cite, pre-1700 cyte, pre-1700 site, pre-1700 ceet, pre-1700 citt, pre-1700 set, pre-1700 ceitt. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French citer; Latin citāre. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French citer (French citer ) to summon (a person) formally to appear in a court of law (14th cent.), to prompt or summon (a person) to some specified action (c1300 in citer quelqu'un que in an isolated attestation in Old French, subsequently from 1455 in citer quelqu'un à and citer quelqu'un de with infinitive), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin citāre to move, to excite, to summon, to quote (an author or text), frequentative formation < ciēre (also cīre ) to set in motion, to call, summon, to excite, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as ancient Greek κινεῖν (although the present tense is differently formed in the two languages). Compare Old Occitan citar (13th cent.), Catalan citar (13th cent.), Spanish citar (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese citar (end of the 13th cent.), Italian citare (late 13th cent.), and also Middle Dutch citēren (in late sources; Dutch citeren ), Middle Low German sitēren , citēren , German zitieren (14th cent. as citiren ). Compare citate v.Senses 2 and 3 are not paralleled in French until later than in English. In sense 5 after French citer in its specific sense ‘to make honourable mention of (a person)’ (1704 in this sense); compare slightly earlier citation n. 4. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). 1. a. transitive. To summon formally to appear, either as a principal or a witness, in a court of law, or to attend some comparable judicial or quasi-judicial hearing. Later also more generally: to notify (a person) formally that he or she is required to comply with legal process, or is to be subject to judicial or disciplinary action; esp. (North American) to issue (a person) with a notification that he or she may be liable to legal sanction (e.g. a fine) in consequence of having contravened a law or regulation. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [verb (transitive)] > summon or issue summons against cravec1000 summonc1300 summonda1400 convenec1425 cite1438 accitec1475 process1493 convent1538 convent1548 ascite1563 clepe and call1597 exact1607 sist1641 summons1659 society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [verb (transitive)] > summon cite1438 1438 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 103 (MED) Cityng him to appere at the saide courte. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. aviij Euery persone whiche is cyted lawfully or rightfully befor his Iuge ordynarye. 1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iv. iii. f. ciii/2 He was cyted by the popes holynes to appere. 1568 H. Charteris Pref. Lyndesay's Wks. in J. A. H. Murray Minor Poems D. Lyndesay (1871) 5* Gif ony war suspectit in ony hereticall point,..incontinent thay war cytit, thay war apprehendit, and incarcerat in strang presoun. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. ii. 119 An Heretike hee is, a runneaway from the Church, cite him and summon him. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) vi. 2538 A litle mony from the law will quite thee, Fee but the Sumner, & he shall not cite thee. 1685 H. Consett Pract. Spiritual Courts 252 The Defendant being cited in a Cause of Jactitation or Boasting of Marriage. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 72 Persons of Honour, and great Quality..were every day cited into the High Commission Court. 1771 M. A. Meilan Emilia i. i. 6 I..was lately cited T'appear before the judge, and there, make answer To a preferred charge of grossest treason. 1834 H. Martineau Demerara (new ed.) x. 115 Ladies have been frequently cited to answer the complaints of slaves. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People (1882) v. 1. 217 Philip found an opportunity to cite the King before his court at Paris. 1927 W. M. Gloag & R. C. Henderson Introd. Law Scotl. 594 Warrant may be obtained from a magistrate to cite witnesses for precognition; if necessary their attendance may be enforced. 1945 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 1 Nov. 5/7 [He] suggested today George Castleden..be cited for contempt of court. 1991 R. Rainey in J. Monfasani & R. G. Musto Renaissance Society & Culture xiv. 224 Having been cited to appear before the judge inquiring into such cases, Lucia's lawyer appeared in her behalf. 2012 A. Rose Showdown in Sonora Desert iv. 67 He was cited for littering by a U.S. Fish and Wildlife officer. b. transitive. figurative and in figurative contexts. ΚΠ ?1530 Dialoges Creatures Moralysed vii. sig. Biv^v The ayre cawsed hym [sc. the wind] to be Cited before the highe Iuge and maker of al thinges. 1543 G. Joye in tr. U. Zwingli Rekening & Declar. Faith sig. dd.viii Your souls shalbe cyted to apere before your iuge christe. 1602 J. Beaumont Metamorph. Tabacco sig. C^v Hermes..Cited the Sunne in person to appeare Before the Gods to tell his cause of stay, Why he so long did dallie with the sea. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 175 Whose arguments we will here scite before the tribunall of Reason. 1751 J. Wesley Let. Dec. (1931) III. 311 I cite Alderman Beecher to answer for these souls at the judgement-seat of Christ. 1776 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies III. xi. 165 We shall not be afraid to cite to the tribunal of reason and justice those governments which tolerate this cruelty. 1913 tr. L. Ginzberg Legends of Jews x. 306 Arise, thou art cited to appear before God. 1995 M. Sullivan & S. Whitsitt tr. G. Agamben Idea of Prose 104 If quotation marks are a summons against language, citing it before the tribunal of thought, the proceedings of this trial cannot remain indefinitely adjourned. †c. transitive. More generally: to call, invite, summon; to prompt (a person) to some specified action; (also) to evoke (an emotion). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon lathec900 hightOE clepec1000 ofclepeOE ofsendOE warna1250 callc1300 summonc1300 incalla1340 upcallc1340 summonda1400 becallc1400 ofgredec1400 require1418 assummonc1450 accitec1475 provoke1477 convey1483 mand1483 whistle1486 vocatec1494 wishc1515 to call up1530 citea1533 convent1540 convocate1542 prorogate1543 accersit1548 whistle for1560 advocatea1575 citate1581 evocate1639 demand1650 to warn in1654 summons1694 invoke1697 to send for1744 to turn up1752 requisition1800 whip1857 the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate stirc897 putOE sputc1175 prokec1225 prickc1230 commovec1374 baitc1378 stingc1386 movea1398 eager?a1400 pokec1400 provokea1425 tollc1440 cheera1450 irritec1450 encourage1483 incite1483 harden1487 attice1490 pricklea1522 to set on1523 incense1531 irritate1531 animate1532 tickle1532 stomach1541 instigate1542 concitea1555 upsteer1558 urge1565 instimulate1570 whip1573 goad1579 raise1581 to set upa1586 to call ona1592 incitate1597 indarec1599 alarm1602 exstimulate1603 to put on1604 feeze1610 impulse1611 fomentate1613 emovec1614 animalize1617 stimulate1619 spura1644 trinkle1685 cite1718 to put up1812 prod1832 to jack up1914 goose1934 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1535) xxv. f. 43 Incontinent we are cyted to her subtyll trauailes of repentaunce. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. i. 34 I thinke it cites vs brother to the field. 1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione Vindic. Poesie sig. H4 Apollo Cited the damsell with a gentle hollo. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 398 This, sad experience cites me to reveal. 1740 W. Shenstone Judgm. Hercules 207 Wake the gay Loves and cite the young Desires. 1846 T. De Quincey Notes on Gilfillan's Gallery Lit. Portraits in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 25/1 In a storm, cited by the finger of God, he died. 1858 A. H. Compend. of Hist. iii. 503 The original purpose for which he had cited her to Tarsus was entirely forgotten. 2. a. transitive. To make reference to (a passage, text, author, etc.), esp. as an authority or as providing support for an argument; (sometimes spec.) to quote directly. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > use written evidence [verb (transitive)] > quote in support teemOE allaya1387 allegea1398 allegate?a1425 recitea1450 exemplify1509 cite1531 vouch1581 quote1582 1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities iv. f. 89 The witnesse & sayenges of those auctors, that we haue cited. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. B.iij As Rabbi Kimhy cyted of Bucere vpon that same verse taketh Judicium. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 47 This vearse cited by Cicero, is not to bee founde in Euripides. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. iii. 97 The deuill can cite Scripture for his purpose. View more context for this quotation 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 3 Wee omit to cite to the same effect S. Cyrill. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 364 There is another Devotional Passage, cited out of Euripides, which conteins also a clear acknowledgment of One Self-existent Being. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 1 (note) I cite the whole three verses. 1751 J. Wesley 2nd Let. to Author Enthus. Methodists 2 In your Second [section], you cite (and murder) four or five Lines from one of my Journals. 1803 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 414 Passages..cited by the Pauranicas and their commentators. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 236 I could cite from the seventeenth century sentences and phrases of edge not to be matched in the nineteenth. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 757 The authority cited for the statement. 1938 Oregon Hist. Q. 39 193 The author cites extracts from documents in the Hudson's Bay Company archives to uphold his theory. 1972 J. R. Watt District Magistrate Late Imperial China i. 13 To illustrate this point Wang Hui-tsu..cited a proverb saying ‘if the hurt of the punishment exceeds the offence, it is a disgrace for one's entire life’. 1999 F. W. Marks Brief for Belief v. 118 When New Testament writers cited Hebrew scripture, their source was generally the Septuagint. 2008 B. Goldacre Bad Sci. ix. 171 Referencing should be accurate, and should reflect the content of the paper you are citing. b. transitive. More generally: to adduce (something) by way of example, proof, supporting evidence, etc.; to give or bring forward as an instance; (Law) to adduce as a precedent. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as evidence to draw forthc1175 showa1325 drawc1330 allaya1387 to avouch a thing upon (a person)1393 allegea1398 adduce?a1425 induce1433 recite1509 infera1529 vouch1531 cite1550 avouch1573 relate1604 instance1608 rejourn1624 quote1663 abduce1720 invoke1879 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > find or furnish an instance or example of [verb (transitive)] > cite as an instance or example stir1340 cite1550 name1597 instance1622 quote1663 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > give evidence of [verb (transitive)] > adduce as precedent to call upon ——1536 cite1550 1550 N. Udall tr. P. M. Vermigli Disc. Sacrament Lordes Supper f. vi Thei bothe are aduouchers of transubstanciation, wherefore thei allege aswel the auncient fathers as the newe to make all on their syde. Thei cite ferthermore general councels. 1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties i. f. 29^v [The battle of] Salamis is cited a witnesse of his moste glorious victorie. 1605 Z. Jones tr. P. le Loyer Treat. Specters vi. f. 60^v Averrois citeth..another example of Laundresses, who washing their linnen at the rivers side, doe [etc.]. 1614 F. Bacon Charge touching Duels 47 [He proved] that practise to impoyson though it tooke no effect, and the like, haue beene punished in this Court: and cyted the president in Garnons case. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 3 It cites some remarkable Structures. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 40 Some experiments cited from Glauber. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 212 To cite those instances only which have come within my own knowledge. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 225 Lord Kenyon observed that the cases cited for him proceeded not on the formal or technical words. 1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming i. 2 China..often cited as an example of national permanence. 1885 Sir W. V. Field in Law Times Rep. 52 652/2 A case which was cited to me of Denton v. Donner. 1920 R. E. H. Dyer Disturbances in Punjab 21 in Parl. Papers (Cmd. 771) XXXIV. 677 I am entitled to cite my conduct and record in such matters as some refutation of the charges of inhumanity levelled against me. 1991 Sci. Amer. Nov. 93/1 Environmental consciousness pays dividends in international competitiveness, Renner declares. He cites the case of Sweden and Germany. 2011 K. G. Ooi Japanese Occup. Borneo vi. 60 Kapitan China General Ong Tiang Swee..excused himself from public office and appearances citing his advanced age. c. transitive. Originally Law. To refer to (a text, case, etc.) in particular terms, esp. by using an exact bibliographic reference; to give a bibliographic reference for. ΚΠ 1699 W. Nicolson Eng. Hist. Libr. iii. iii. 100 An antient Miscellany of several notable Treatises; which Volume is commonly cited, and call'd by the Name of Liber ruber Scaccarii, or the Red-Book of the Exchequer. 1736 J. Worrall Bibliotheca Legum 36 Jones's (Sir Will.) in B. R. and C. B. in the Reigns of King James and K. Charles the First... This is cited as 1st Jones. 1803 E. H. East Treat. Pleas of Crown I. p. xiii This book is cited [in this work] as MS. Crown cases reserved; abbreviated, MS. Crown cas. res. 1861 Nat. Hist. Rev. 1 85 The abbreviated titles..by which titles..it is intended to distinguish each periodical when cited in the Bibliography. 1884 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1883–4 21 53 This edition will be hereafter cited as Robert, Fables inédites, or La Fontaine. 1909 Public Libraries Apr. 124/1 Three weeks are allowed in which to prepare the bibliography... The aim of this bibliography is to teach students how to find articles and how to cite references. 1952 J. N. Rentz Marines in Central Solomons 160 This bibliography cites only the more important and useful of the several thousand separate documents consulted in the preparation of this monograph. 2012 Isis 103 332 Hereafter cited as Owning and Disowning Invention, ed. MacLeod and Radick. 3. transitive. Simply: to make mention of or reference to; to put forward for consideration or inspection; to call to mind. Formerly also with †up. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > call to mind, recollect [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 bethinkOE mingOE thinkOE monelOE umbethinkc1175 to draw (also take) into (or to) memorya1275 minc1330 record1340 revert1340 remembera1382 mindc1384 monishc1384 to bring to mindc1390 remenec1390 me meanetha1400 reducec1425 to call to mind1427 gaincall1434 pense1493 remord?1507 revocate1527 revive1531 cite1549 to call back1572 recall1579 to call to mind (also memory, remembrance)1583 to call to remembrance1583 revoke1586 reverse1590 submonish1591 recover1602 recordate1603 to call up1606 to fetch up1608 reconjure1611 collect1612 remind1615 recollect1631 rememorize1632 retrieve1644 think1671 reconnoitre1729 member1823 reminisce1829 rememorate1835 recomember1852 evoke1856 updraw1879 withcall1901 access1978 society > communication > manifestation > offering for inspection or consideration > offer for inspection or consideration [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 to lay … beforec1000 showlOE givec1175 to lay outc1440 produce1459 propose1548 cite1549 product1563 broach1573 offer1583 to hold up1604 to bring in1608 project1611 to bring ona1715 to trot out1838 to bring up1868 muster1904 the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > mention mingOE to make mention ofc1300 attain1447 mentionatec1525 mention1530 mind1530 notice1611 notice1627 cite1691 citate1894 1549 R. Crowley Psalter of Dauid lxxxvii. sig. Aa.iij^v In his writtynges the Lord shall cyte the peoples euerie one. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. iii. 116 Me thinkes I doe digresse too much, Cyting my worthles praise. View more context for this quotation 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 14 We..cited vp a thousand fearefull times..That had befallen vs. View more context for this quotation 1691 tr. P. O. de Vaumorière Art of Pleasing in Conversat. xi. 200 [They] look upon it as a great condescention to so much as cite the name of a Knight or ordinary Gentleman. 1752 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria Rediviva 571 The Egyptians, Phenicians, and Carthaginians, are cited as the first, ablest, and most daring Traders of Antiquity, by many great Authors. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 190 Whilst a small cluster of English writers are constantly cited as the fathers of our verse. 1854 Examiner 15 July 439/2 Dr. Whewell observes that the main structure of our language is Saxon, but that all that gives it a living character is derived from the Latin, in exemplification of which..assertion he cites the word prepaid. 1934 Jrnl. Ecol. 22 401 The species cited below are primarily characteristic of Fagetum silvaticae. 1963 J. Maclean tr. J. M. Gironella One Million Dead xxviii. 386 The doctor cited the names of several people who might vouch for him. 1988 E. White Beautiful Room is Empty (1989) vi. 126 When listing people's merits, she often cited their wardrobes. 2010 Oxoniensia 74 150 Caries, calculus, periodontal disease, and ante-mortem tooth loss rates were all..higher than the averages cited for the period. †4. transitive. To constitute evidence of, to bespeak. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > be or give evidence of to show forth?c1225 witnessa1300 sustain?c1425 testify1445 showa1500 manifest?a1513 make1573 argue1585 evidence1610 attesta1616 citea1616 evince1621 to speak to ——1624 a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 206 Your selfe, Whose aged honor cites a vertuous youth. View more context for this quotation 5. transitive. Originally U.S. Military. Originally: to mention (a person) in a military dispatch or similar report as having carried out a courageous or otherwise meritorious act (cf. to be mentioned in dispatches at mention v. Phrases 2). Later more generally: to commend (a person) formally, usually in an official report, for exceptional devotion to duty, outstanding service, etc.; to give honourable mention to. Also in extended use. Usually in passive, frequently with for. Cf. citation n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > mention in dispatches cite1916 1916 Tyrone (Pa.) Herald 23 Mar. 1/7 Four nurses were cited in French army general orders for exceptional devotion to duty. 1917 N.Y. Times 27 Nov. 1/7 The French War Cross has been conferred on the fifteen American officers and men who were cited with their company by the French General commanding the sector. 1919 Recruiters' Bull. (U.S. Marine Corps) Mar. 9/2 Elizabeth [Ford] has been cited for her bravery in the following verse. 1938 Rotarian Jan. 49/1 A scroll citing him for his service. 1990 Times (Nexis) 9 Oct. The development for which Dr Thomas is cited by the Nobel committee is the use of another drug..to stop the grafted bone-marrow cells attacking their new host. 2010 U.S. Black Engineer Winter 38/2 He was cited for his leadership on the president's Fiscal Year budget. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1941v.1438
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