citharan.

Brit.

/ˈsɪθ(ə)rə/,

/ˈkɪθ(ə)rə/, U.S.

/ˈsɪθ(ə)rə/,

/ˈkɪθ(ə)rə/

Forms: 1600s–1700s cithera, 1600s– cithara, 1700s cythara, 1800s– kithara.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin cithara; Greek κιθάρα.

Etymology: < (i) classical Latin cithara, kind of lyre, and its etymon (ii) ancient Greek κιθάρα, kind of lyre, alteration (after λύρα lyre n.¹) of κίθαρις, kind of lyre, of unknown origin; although borrowing has frequently been suggested, no supporting evidence has been found, nor has a specific donor language been traced.Compare earlier cither n. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry, and also earlier citole n., cittern n., gittern n., guitar n., as well as later zither n. (The etymon of sitar n. is apparently unrelated.) The Latin noun is attested earlier in English contexts; compare e.g.: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxix. 1391 The harpe hatte cithara, and was first yfounde of Appolyn.1599 R. Allott Wits Theater Little World f. 101 The Harpe is called Cythera, first found by Apollo, which Virgill writeth to haue seauen strings, that is, seauen soundes, & seauen differences of voyces.

An ancient Greek and Roman stringed instrument similar to the lyre. Also occasionally used of other plucked stringed instruments similar in form to, or believed to have derived from, this instrument.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > cithara

citharista1525

cither1596

cithara1634

1634 T. Carew Cœlum Britanicum 32 Wisdome in a mantle wrought with eyes and hands, golden rayes about her head, and Apollo's Cithera in her hand.

1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. i. xi. 163 Citharistæ (Players on the Cithara).

1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. at Cymbala The Cythara, the Drum, the Strings and the Organs, used in ancient Ceremonies.

1759 Dict. Holy Bible III. 1034/2 The cithara was played upon above, and sounded below.

1819 E. Dodwell Tour Greece I. 191 Apollo Kitharistos, in an erect posture, clothed with a long ample garment, and playing on the kithara.

1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii I. i. i. 7 While yet the cithara sounds.

1879 J. Stainer Music of Bible 57 It is difficult to determine when the cithara had so far departed from the form of a lyre as to become a guitar.

1904 Jewish Encycl. VI. 237/2 The Hebrew cithara, the kinnor, is not found in its original form, but in the modified form it assumed under Greek influence.

1957 L. de Wohl Glorious Folly (1962) iii. xxviii. 269 As the doors opened harps, citharas and flutes began to play.

1986 Omnibus Nov. 28/2 The most important stringed instruments were the lyra and the kithara.

2003 Guardian 1 Jan. ii. 11/4 I have a CD..which claims to contain all the extant pieces of ancient Greek and Roman music played on modern reconstructions of the lyre, aulos, cithara and hydraulic organ.

Compounds

attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1830 Fraser's Mag. Mar. 165/2 Musicians and cithara players sung the deeds of valiant warriors..to the music of the lyre.

1883 W. W. Thomas tr. V. Rydberg Last Athenian iii. 50 A group of dryads pressing about a cithara-playing Orpheus.

1886 J. F. Rowbotham Hist. Music II. ii. v. 149 The Magadis has here the Cithara shape instead of the Lyre shape, as in the 1st Vase.

1941 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 45 234 A similar stamp was used for a group of a cithara-playing Apollo and Artemis or Leto on a Megarian bowl.

1980 Galpin Soc. Jrnl. 33 21 Boethius..attributes the addition of each cithara string to an historical or mythical personage.

2011 Sunday Times (Nexis) 27 Feb. (Style section) 15 The symposium..was a sort of literary dinner party... There would be dancing girls and cithara players.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cithara
释义	citharan. Brit. /ˈsɪθ(ə)rə/, /ˈkɪθ(ə)rə/, U.S. /ˈsɪθ(ə)rə/, /ˈkɪθ(ə)rə/ Forms: 1600s–1700s cithera, 1600s– cithara, 1700s cythara, 1800s– kithara. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin cithara; Greek κιθάρα. Etymology: < (i) classical Latin cithara, kind of lyre, and its etymon (ii) ancient Greek κιθάρα, kind of lyre, alteration (after λύρα lyre n.¹) of κίθαρις, kind of lyre, of unknown origin; although borrowing has frequently been suggested, no supporting evidence has been found, nor has a specific donor language been traced.Compare earlier cither n. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry, and also earlier citole n., cittern n., gittern n., guitar n., as well as later zither n. (The etymon of sitar n. is apparently unrelated.) The Latin noun is attested earlier in English contexts; compare e.g.: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxxix. 1391 The harpe hatte cithara, and was first yfounde of Appolyn.1599 R. Allott Wits Theater Little World f. 101 The Harpe is called Cythera, first found by Apollo, which Virgill writeth to haue seauen strings, that is, seauen soundes, & seauen differences of voyces. An ancient Greek and Roman stringed instrument similar to the lyre. Also occasionally used of other plucked stringed instruments similar in form to, or believed to have derived from, this instrument. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > cithara citharista1525 cither1596 cithara1634 1634 T. Carew Cœlum Britanicum 32 Wisdome in a mantle wrought with eyes and hands, golden rayes about her head, and Apollo's Cithera in her hand. 1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. i. xi. 163 Citharistæ (Players on the Cithara). 1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. at Cymbala The Cythara, the Drum, the Strings and the Organs, used in ancient Ceremonies. 1759 Dict. Holy Bible III. 1034/2 The cithara was played upon above, and sounded below. 1819 E. Dodwell Tour Greece I. 191 Apollo Kitharistos, in an erect posture, clothed with a long ample garment, and playing on the kithara. 1834 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last Days of Pompeii I. i. i. 7 While yet the cithara sounds. 1879 J. Stainer Music of Bible 57 It is difficult to determine when the cithara had so far departed from the form of a lyre as to become a guitar. 1904 Jewish Encycl. VI. 237/2 The Hebrew cithara, the kinnor, is not found in its original form, but in the modified form it assumed under Greek influence. 1957 L. de Wohl Glorious Folly (1962) iii. xxviii. 269 As the doors opened harps, citharas and flutes began to play. 1986 Omnibus Nov. 28/2 The most important stringed instruments were the lyra and the kithara. 2003 Guardian 1 Jan. ii. 11/4 I have a CD..which claims to contain all the extant pieces of ancient Greek and Roman music played on modern reconstructions of the lyre, aulos, cithara and hydraulic organ. Compounds attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1830 Fraser's Mag. Mar. 165/2 Musicians and cithara players sung the deeds of valiant warriors..to the music of the lyre. 1883 W. W. Thomas tr. V. Rydberg Last Athenian iii. 50 A group of dryads pressing about a cithara-playing Orpheus. 1886 J. F. Rowbotham Hist. Music II. ii. v. 149 The Magadis has here the Cithara shape instead of the Lyre shape, as in the 1st Vase. 1941 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 45 234 A similar stamp was used for a group of a cithara-playing Apollo and Artemis or Leto on a Megarian bowl. 1980 Galpin Soc. Jrnl. 33 21 Boethius..attributes the addition of each cithara string to an historical or mythical personage. 2011 Sunday Times (Nexis) 27 Feb. (Style section) 15 The symposium..was a sort of literary dinner party... There would be dancing girls and cithara players. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1634
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