cithern.

Brit.

/ˈsɪθə/, U.S.

/ˈsɪθər/

Forms: 1600s cythar, 1600s cyther, 1600s 1800s– cithar, 1800s– cither; Scottish pre-1700 cythar, pre-1700 kittarr, pre-1700 sceether, pre-1700 siter.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cithara.

Etymology: < classical Latin cithara cithara n. Compare ancient Greek κιθάρα , kind of lyre (see cithara n.), Middle French cythare , Middle French, French cithare (late 14th cent.; apparently rare before the second half of the 18th cent.; 1819 in sense ‘zither’, after German Zither zither n.), Middle French cithre , citre (16th cent.), Old Occitan sitara (12th cent.; also c1350 as citara ), Catalan cítara (15th cent.), Spanish cítara (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese cítara (1540), Italian (now literary and rare) citara (a1342; second half of the 12th cent. as †cythari , plural noun), and also Old Dutch cithara (Middle Dutch cythara , cythaer , Dutch citer , †cyter , †cythar , †syeter ), Old High German zitara (German Zither , †Cither ) zither n. Compare also Old Occitan sedra, cidra (both end of the 12th cent.), Spanish †cedra (first half of the 13th cent.), and also Italian cetra (a1292 as †cetera), now the usual Italian form.In the specific sense ‘zither’ after German Zither zither n. Forms in -er probably result from reduction of the vowel in the second syllable and association with words in -er suffix¹; compare also forms in Romance and Germanic languages, and perhaps compare also forms at cittern n. The Latin word was earlier borrowed into Old English as citere, citre harp, lyre (attested only in Psalter glosses); compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lvi. 10 (9) Exurge gloria mea exurge psalterium et cythara : aris wuldur min aris hearpe & citere.OE Vitellius Psalter xci. 4 In decacordo psalterio cum cantico in cythara : on tynstrengendum saltere mid cantic on hearpan uel on citran.OE Cambridge Psalter (1910) lxx. 22 Psallam tibi in cythara, deus sanctus Israhel : ic singe þe on cittran God halig. If this word had survived into Middle English, the expected modern English form would be *chitter.

Any of various plucked stringed instruments similar in form to, or believed to have derived from, the cithara; (in later use) esp. a zither.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > cithara

citharista1525

cither1596

cithara1634

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > zither > [noun]

cistiera1591

zither1831

qin1839

zeze1860

valiha?1866

cither1871

se1874

autoharp1882

zither banjo1888

gusli1893

langeleik1907

kantele1921

Scheitholt1961

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 44 Jn all kynde of musik he [sc. King James I] was excellent, vpon the cythar meruellous.

1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 146 When Timotheus presumed to adde but one string to the Cyther, they banished him out of the citie.

1628 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 210 For tackettis and wyre to the sceether.

1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie Inventarie Gold hair'd Apollo did bestow His mightie-sounding silver bow, With musick instruments great store, His harp, his cithar, and mandore.

1662 A. Petrie Compend. Hist. Catholick Church i. ii. 19 The Church suffers not musical instruments, as Cythars and Psalteries in the praising of God.

1677 in C. Innes Bk. Thanes Cawdor (1859) 338 I do not fancy the viol de gamboe, the siter or kittarr is mor proper.

1831 Royal Lady's Mag. Dec. 365/2 Lifting his cithar under his arm, he [sc. the minstrel] followed a serving-lad.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xix. 207 The cither's smashed! For nothing more 't is fitting.

1913 D. Nussey tr. E. Mâle Relig. Art France 13th Cent. ii. 86 In the porch at Auxerre..Music is represented playing the cither.

1991 A. J. Krailsheimer tr. G. Flaubert Three Tales 88 Your virgins..will play the cithar at the stranger's feast.

2000 L. Senelick Changing Room i. 31 A popular motif of vase paintings shows Hyacinthus abducted by Zephryrus as he strums his cither.

Compounds

attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. lii. 303 A cithar-player named Aristonicus.

1889 York Herald 12 Jan. 13/3 At the competitions he [sc. Nero] held every five years, competitions in cither playing were one of the principal items in the programme.

1896 E. C. Donnelly Tuscan Magdalen 163 All the rushy things..Wailed thro' the glamour of the atmosphere An anthem, as on airy cither-strings.

1963 W. J. T. Peters Landscape Romano-Campanian Mural Painting 97 A cither-playing nymph is standing in front of a wall on the right.

1991 M. O'R. Boyle Petrarch's Genius 32 It was a matter of knowing..what is due to Apollo the cither-player.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cither
释义	cithern. Brit. /ˈsɪθə/, U.S. /ˈsɪθər/ Forms: 1600s cythar, 1600s cyther, 1600s 1800s– cithar, 1800s– cither; Scottish pre-1700 cythar, pre-1700 kittarr, pre-1700 sceether, pre-1700 siter. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cithara. Etymology: < classical Latin cithara cithara n. Compare ancient Greek κιθάρα , kind of lyre (see cithara n.), Middle French cythare , Middle French, French cithare (late 14th cent.; apparently rare before the second half of the 18th cent.; 1819 in sense ‘zither’, after German Zither zither n.), Middle French cithre , citre (16th cent.), Old Occitan sitara (12th cent.; also c1350 as citara ), Catalan cítara (15th cent.), Spanish cítara (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese cítara (1540), Italian (now literary and rare) citara (a1342; second half of the 12th cent. as †cythari , plural noun), and also Old Dutch cithara (Middle Dutch cythara , cythaer , Dutch citer , †cyter , †cythar , †syeter ), Old High German zitara (German Zither , †Cither ) zither n. Compare also Old Occitan sedra, cidra (both end of the 12th cent.), Spanish †cedra (first half of the 13th cent.), and also Italian cetra (a1292 as †cetera), now the usual Italian form.In the specific sense ‘zither’ after German Zither zither n. Forms in -er probably result from reduction of the vowel in the second syllable and association with words in -er suffix¹; compare also forms in Romance and Germanic languages, and perhaps compare also forms at cittern n. The Latin word was earlier borrowed into Old English as citere, citre harp, lyre (attested only in Psalter glosses); compare:eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lvi. 10 (9) Exurge gloria mea exurge psalterium et cythara : aris wuldur min aris hearpe & citere.OE Vitellius Psalter xci. 4 In decacordo psalterio cum cantico in cythara : on tynstrengendum saltere mid cantic on hearpan uel on citran.OE Cambridge Psalter (1910) lxx. 22 Psallam tibi in cythara, deus sanctus Israhel : ic singe þe on cittran God halig. If this word had survived into Middle English, the expected modern English form would be chitter. Any of various plucked stringed instruments similar in form to, or believed to have derived from, the cithara; (in later use) esp.* a zither. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > harp or lyre > [noun] > lyre > cithara citharista1525 cither1596 cithara1634 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > zither > [noun] cistiera1591 zither1831 qin1839 zeze1860 valiha?1866 cither1871 se1874 autoharp1882 zither banjo1888 gusli1893 langeleik1907 kantele1921 Scheitholt1961 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 44 Jn all kynde of musik he [sc. King James I] was excellent, vpon the cythar meruellous. 1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 146 When Timotheus presumed to adde but one string to the Cyther, they banished him out of the citie. 1628 in A. J. Mill Mediaeval Plays in Scotl. (1927) 210 For tackettis and wyre to the sceether. 1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie Inventarie Gold hair'd Apollo did bestow His mightie-sounding silver bow, With musick instruments great store, His harp, his cithar, and mandore. 1662 A. Petrie Compend. Hist. Catholick Church i. ii. 19 The Church suffers not musical instruments, as Cythars and Psalteries in the praising of God. 1677 in C. Innes Bk. Thanes Cawdor (1859) 338 I do not fancy the viol de gamboe, the siter or kittarr is mor proper. 1831 Royal Lady's Mag. Dec. 365/2 Lifting his cithar under his arm, he [sc. the minstrel] followed a serving-lad. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xix. 207 The cither's smashed! For nothing more 't is fitting. 1913 D. Nussey tr. E. Mâle Relig. Art France 13th Cent. ii. 86 In the porch at Auxerre..Music is represented playing the cither. 1991 A. J. Krailsheimer tr. G. Flaubert Three Tales 88 Your virgins..will play the cithar at the stranger's feast. 2000 L. Senelick Changing Room i. 31 A popular motif of vase paintings shows Hyacinthus abducted by Zephryrus as he strums his cither. Compounds attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. lii. 303 A cithar-player named Aristonicus. 1889 York Herald 12 Jan. 13/3 At the competitions he [sc. Nero] held every five years, competitions in cither playing were one of the principal items in the programme. 1896 E. C. Donnelly Tuscan Magdalen 163 All the rushy things..Wailed thro' the glamour of the atmosphere An anthem, as on airy cither-strings. 1963 W. J. T. Peters Landscape Romano-Campanian Mural Painting 97 A cither-playing nymph is standing in front of a wall on the right. 1991 M. O'R. Boyle Petrarch's Genius 32 It was a matter of knowing..what is due to Apollo the cither-player. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1596
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