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单词 churchman
释义

churchmann.

Brit. /ˈtʃəːtʃmən/, U.S. /ˈtʃərtʃmən/
Inflections: Plural churchmen.
Forms: see church n.1 and adj. and man n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: church n.1, man n.1
Etymology: < church n.1 + man n.1 Compare Middle Dutch kercman , Middle High German kirchman (German Kirchmann , Kirchenmann ), also Old Icelandic kirkjumenn (plural). Compare kirkman n.Attested earlier as a byname and surname: Ælfled Cerceman (a1098), Radulfus Chircheman (1259), Johanna Churchman (1327), Wm. Chercheman (1336), etc., although the precise sense is unclear. The female sex of Ælfled and Johanna rules out sense 2 in these instances, but sense 1 remains a possibility (female churchwardens are occasionally recorded in late medieval and early modern England, although all known examples are from south-western counties (in which connection it is worth noting that Johanna resided in Somerset)); the byname of Ælfled (a lady listed in the records of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk) may perhaps reflect a more general sense, e.g. ‘custodian or keeper of a church’.
1. A churchwarden. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > church-warden > [noun]
reeveeOE
kirkmaster1429
church reeve1433
warden1439
kirkreeve1442
churchwarden1443
churchman1457
churchmaster1484
churchward1496
kirkwarden1500
herenach1607
chapelwarden1688
kirkward1883
1457 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 99 (MED) To the chorchemen for schryde wode.
1523 Churchwardens' Acct. Bk. St. Giles, Reading (1851) 19 Paid for the churchmennys labouris, xijd.
1591 Stanford Churchwardens' Accts. in Antiquary (1888) May 211 Layde oute..for the twoo churchmen and one sydesmans Dinners, xxjd.
1598 Chesham Bois Parish Reg. (Buckinghamshire C.R.O.: PR 45/1/1) (title page) Iames Gosham, Church Man..Robert Finche, Churche Man.
2.
a. A member of the Christian clergy or of a Christian religious order; an ecclesiastic. Cf. kirkman n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun]
God's maneOE
priestOE
clerkc1050
secularc1290
vicary1303
minister1340
divinec1380
man of Godc1384
kirkmana1400
man of the churchc1400
cockc1405
Ecclesiastc1405
spiritual1441
ministrator1450
abbé1530
reverend1547
churchman1549
tippet-captain?1550
tippet knight1551
tippet man1551
public minister1564
reading minister1572
clergyman1577
clerk1577
padre1584
minstrel1586
spiritual1600
cleric1623
cassock1628
Levite1640
gownsman1641
teaching elder1642
ecclesiastic1651
religionist1651
crape1682
crape-gown-man1682
man in black1692
soul driver1699
secularist1716
autem jet1737
liturge1737
officiant1740
snub-devil1785
soul doctor1785
officiator1801
umfundisi1825
crape-man1826
clerical1837
God-man1842
Pfarrer1844
liturgist1848
white-choker1851
rook1859
shovel hat1859
sky pilot1865
ecclesiastical1883
joss-pidgin-man1886
josser1887
sin-shiftera1912
sin-buster1931
parch1944
1549 Melton Mowbray Churchwardens' Accts. in Trans. Leicestershire Architec. & Archaeol. Soc. (1874) 3 186 Recd of the Churchmen of Kyrckby for a Bell clapper 6s/8d.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 104 Any Bishoppes, Abbottes, Priors, or any other Church men.
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. i. 25 Church-men so hote.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 25 A single life is proper for churchmen.
1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada i. iv. ii. 49 Pray'rs are the Alms of Church-men to the Poor: They send to Heaven's; but drive us from their door.
1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. v. 162 He..was a Spanish Churchman.
1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. 65 The tithe-pamper'd churchman reviles at the poor.
1852 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. II. xiv. 328 The churchmen of New York preached loyalty to the king as the Lord's anointed.
1872 J. A. H. Murray in Complaynt Scotl. Introd. p. cix This Sir James Inglis, a ‘Pope's Knight’, was a churchman of considerable distinction at court in the reign of James V.
1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism i. 52 The towns did not look with favour on the interference of churchmen in matters of business.
1958 Punch 9 July 44/3 Cooney's Cassocks stand the test, Choosy Churchmen say they're best.
2008 New Yorker 17 Nov. 69/3 He joined older civil-rights leaders and churchmen in commemorating the voting-rights marches a generation ago.
b. A priest or official minister of any religion other than Christianity.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > heathen (general)
priestc1275
flamenc1400
fire-kindler1563
clergyman1609
fetisheer1613
divinea1616
churchman1632
shaman1698
Baal-priest1834
santero1950
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. 143 Their principall Church gouernour is called Mufti..The other sort of Church-men are the Naipi..the Caddi [&c].
1665 Voy. E.-India in G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 444 Their Priests they call Darors..Those Church-men by their Law are commanded..to abide much in their Eggarees, or Temples.
1769 Real Seeker xlv. 330 Those Jewish churchmen, would, in conferring favours,..give the preference to those of their own persuasion.
1855 J. H. Fowles Serm. Church of Epiphany, Philadelphia xiv. 214 Let it not..be supposed, that..any absolute praise of these Jewish churchmen was intended.
1913 Pacific Unitarian Nov. 12/2 The despised of the churchmen of the time, the Samaritan, ministered to the man in distress.
2001 G. Langtree et al. One World, Many Issues (new ed.) v. 162 Senior Muslim churchman Hassan Sanei said his..charity foundation would pay the money.
3.
a. A member or supporter of an established church, esp. the Church of England. Cf. kirkman n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] > membership in > person having
brotherOE
sisterOE
church memberc1475
churchman1612
religionist1651
churchwoman1681
Zioner1681
churchite1791
bredren1809
co-religionist1842
co-religionary1861
triumphalist1967
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (ii. 12) 466 Many a man thinketh himselfe soundly taught in Christianitie, if he can..be reputed a good Churchman, and a quiet neighbour, and so liue out of the gunshot of the lawe.
1675 A. Marvell Let. 24 July in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 342 Strangways, a flagrant Churchman, made Privy Counsellor.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. v. 126 Child, your Aunt is a Dissenter, you know. But Madam, my Uncle is a Churchman.
1781 S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 286 A religious test..will ever keep all churchmen..from governmental employments in Connecticut.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall 54 He is moreover..a stanch churchman. He repeats the responses very loudly in church, and is emphatical in praying for the king and royal family.
1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Aug. 4/2 The most animated debate of the whole Conference was that between Churchmen and undenominationalists.
1935 A. Cruse Victorians & their Bks. iv. 66 Most Churchmen really did look down upon the Dissenters.
1967 Musical Times 108 850/2 Applicants, who should be communicant churchmen, are invited to write to The Vicar.
1996 J. Updike In Beauty of Lilies 66 My father..a steadfast churchman, and a double-tither no matter how high or low that year's income—presented for my emulation a stern rectitude.
Categories »
b. With modifying adjective: a follower of a particular tradition within the Anglican church (esp. the Church of England), in High Churchman, Low Churchman, Broad Churchman (see those entries).

Derivatives

ˈchurchmanlike adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [adjective]
rulerc1390
reverent1398
ruly?c1450
ecclesiasticala1538
ministerial1561
clerical1592
ecclesiastic1603
cleric1623
reverend1625
clergical1632
clergya1635
hieratical1656
churchmanlike1786
shovel-hatted1832
churchmanly1833
hieratic1866
1786 J. O'Keefe Peeping Tom of Coventry (new ed.) i. iii. 16 Most churchman like [?1784 Churchmen-like] the vicar too, A shepherd to his flock below.
1852 H. Newland Lect. Tractarianism 13 More Churchmanlike principles.
1903 F. Greenslet W. Pater iv. 79 What little he does have to say concerning this last matter is in a somewhat deprecatory and churchman-like vein.
1997 I. Backus Reception Church Fathers in West I. p. xviii He was also interested in their [sc. the Fathers'] personal and churchmanlike qualities.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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更新时间:2025/1/11 23:10:09