cinchonan.

Brit.

/sɪŋˈkəʊnə/, U.S.

/sɪŋˈkoʊnə/

Forms: Also chinchona.

Etymology: Named in 1742 by Linnæus in honour of the Countess of Chinchon (in Spain), who in 1638, when vice-queen of Peru, was cured of a tertian fever by the use of Peruvian bark, and in 1640 brought a supply of it to Spain, whence it became known throughout Europe. On the ground that Linnæus's form Cinchona was due to erroneous information, it has been proposed to alter it to Chinchona ; but the accepted form is too deeply rooted in botanical and chemical nomenclature to make this expedient. The word has no etymological connection with quina , which is Peruvian for ‘bark’: see however quina n.

1. A genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with fragrant white or pink panicled flowers, growing in the tropical valleys of the Andes, and now extensively cultivated in India and Java for the sake of the bark.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

Jesuits' Bark1704

quinaquina1708

quinquina1740

cinchona1742

quill bark1742

grey bark1781

red bark1782

bark-tree1783

yellow bark1794

cinchona-bark1811

crown bark1823

Loxa bark1825

Suriname bark1844

Lima bark1855

quinine tree1855

1742 C. Linnaeus Genera Plant. (ed. 2) 527 (In Pentandria monogynia)..1021 Cinchona, Quinquina.

1786 in Pettigrew Life Lettsom (1817) III. 222 I have sent some of the bark of the Cinquona.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 233 There are..twelve species of Cinchona from which the Peruvian bark of commerce is derived.

1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark i. iii. 12 In memory of the great service to humanity performed by the Countess of Chinchon, Linnæus named the genus which yields Peruvian bark, Chinchona. Unfortunately the great botanist..spelt the word Cinchona..and CinhonaCinhona... The correct spelling ought now to be generally adopted.

2. The medicinal bark of species of Cinchona, Peruvian bark; also the drug prepared from it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived

ague tree1597

diaprune1625

fever bark1658

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

quinaquina1708

Angostura bark1789

Angostura1794

cinchona1800

cinchona-bark1811

quinia1823

quinine1824

cinchonine1825

quina1825

quinina1825

cinchonia1831

fever grass1875

quinetum1875

parsley camphor1879

parthenin1885

parthenicine1888

artemisinin1979

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific barks

mezereona1500

cortex1680

Jesuits' bark1694

tellicherry bark1734

slippery elm1748

white cinnamon1751

mezereum1754

canella1756

royal bark1794

cinchona1800

rohun bark1820

false Winter's bark1830

calisaya bark1837

mezereon bark1837

Suriname bark1844

carony bark1853

Honduras bark1881

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 161 Active and important remedies; such as, hydrargyrum, cinchona, opium.

1803 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 268 Very little tannin is found in cinchona, or in the other barks supposed to be possessed of febrifuge properties.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. at Cinchona There are..twenty-one species of this genus, but only some of them yield commercial Cinchona.

Compounds

C1. Simple attributive.

ΚΠ

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 205 The Cinchona forests.

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 169/1 Pöppig..has..long lived in the Cinchona countries.

1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 403 The genuine cinchona trees are confined exclusively to South America.

1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Aug. 4 The cinchona plantations in the Madras Government gardens are most thriving.

C2.

cinchona-bark n. the bark of several species of cinchona, of great medicinal value as a tonic and febrifuge; called also Jesuit's Bark, Peruvian Bark, Quinquina.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived

ague tree1597

diaprune1625

fever bark1658

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

quinaquina1708

Angostura bark1789

Angostura1794

cinchona1800

cinchona-bark1811

quinia1823

quinine1824

cinchonine1825

quina1825

quinina1825

cinchonia1831

fever grass1875

quinetum1875

parsley camphor1879

parthenin1885

parthenicine1888

artemisinin1979

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

Jesuits' Bark1704

quinaquina1708

quinquina1740

cinchona1742

quill bark1742

grey bark1781

red bark1782

bark-tree1783

yellow bark1794

cinchona-bark1811

crown bark1823

Loxa bark1825

Suriname bark1844

Lima bark1855

quinine tree1855

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 590 Lance-leaved cinchona bark.

1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 48 176 During convalescence red cinchona bark strengthens and sustains nerve power.

1888 Spectator 30 June 916/1 That most priceless of barks, the ‘chinchona bark’, truly called by the Indians ‘quina-quina’, i.e. ‘bark of barks’.

cinchona-bases n. alkaloids contained in cinchona bark.

cinchona-red n. an amorphous dark reddish-brown substance, obtained from cinchona bark.

ΚΠ

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 804 Cinchona Red, an amorphous dark reddish-brown substance, obtained from..Peruvian bark.

Derivatives

cinchonaceous adj.

/sɪŋkəʊˈneɪʃəs/ Botany belonging to the family Cinchonaceæ of which Cinchona is the typical genus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Rubiaceae or Galiaceae (bedstraw, etc.) > [adjective]

rubiaceous1805

cinchonaceous1865

cinchonal1866

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xxvii. 563 There are several cinchonaceous trees also in the country.

cinchonal adj. Botany epithet of Lindley's ‘alliance’ of families related to the Cinchonaceæ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Rubiaceae or Galiaceae (bedstraw, etc.) > [adjective]

rubiaceous1805

cinchonaceous1865

cinchonal1866

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 285/2 Cinchonaceæ..A natural order..characterizing Lindley's cinchonal alliance.

cinˈchonamine n. Chemistry a base C₁₉H₂₄N₂O obtained from cinchona.

ΚΠ

1881 Nature No. 627. 23 Cinchonamine..differs from Cinchonine in having 2 atoms more hydrogen.

ˈcinchonate n. a salt of cinchonic acid.

ΚΠ

1808 Thomson Oxalic Acid in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 66 (note) Cinchonate of lime.

cinˈchonia n. Chemistry = cinchonine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived

ague tree1597

diaprune1625

fever bark1658

Peruvian bark1663

quinquina1681

quinaquina1708

Angostura bark1789

Angostura1794

cinchona1800

cinchona-bark1811

quinia1823

quinine1824

cinchonine1825

quina1825

quinina1825

cinchonia1831

fever grass1875

quinetum1875

parsley camphor1879

parthenin1885

parthenicine1888

artemisinin1979

1831 T. P. Jones New Conversat. Chem. xxviii. 285 Cinchonia, and quinia..are alkaline principles, both contained in Peruvian bark.

cinchonic adj.

/sɪŋˈkɒnɪk/ of or pertaining to cinchona, as in cinchonic acid, C₁₁H₁₄O₉, obtained from cinchona; formerly applied to quinic adj. acid; cinchonic red = cinchona red.

ΚΠ

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 174/1 Slightly soluble red colouring matter or red cinchonic acid.

1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 407 Kinic Acid, or, as it is sometimes called, Cinchonic and Quinic Acid, is generally in the form of a thick syrupy liquid.

cinchoˈnicia n.

cinˈchonicine n. an alkaloid isomeric with cinchonine.

ΚΠ

1853 Pasteur in Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 374 When cinchonine..is subjected to the action of heat, it becomes transformed into a new base isomeric with it, but possessing totally different characters. This new base I call cinchonicine.

cinchoˈnidia n. another of the cinchona bases, isomeric with cinchonine, but distinguished from it by its deflecting the plane of polarization of a ray of light to the left.

cinˈchonidine n.

ΚΠ

1853 Pasteur in Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 374 The other base, to which I give the name of cinchonidine.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xl. 350 The bark of this species of trees..contains 2 alcaloids, quinine and cinchonine, and each of these yields 2 isomeric modifications, quinidine and quinicine; cinchonidine and cinchonicine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cinchona
释义	cinchonan. Brit. /sɪŋˈkəʊnə/, U.S. /sɪŋˈkoʊnə/ Forms: Also chinchona. Etymology: Named in 1742 by Linnæus in honour of the Countess of Chinchon (in Spain), who in 1638, when vice-queen of Peru, was cured of a tertian fever by the use of Peruvian bark, and in 1640 brought a supply of it to Spain, whence it became known throughout Europe. On the ground that Linnæus's form Cinchona was due to erroneous information, it has been proposed to alter it to Chinchona ; but the accepted form is too deeply rooted in botanical and chemical nomenclature to make this expedient. The word has no etymological connection with quina , which is Peruvian for ‘bark’: see however quina n. 1. A genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with fragrant white or pink panicled flowers, growing in the tropical valleys of the Andes, and now extensively cultivated in India and Java for the sake of the bark. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 Jesuits' Bark1704 quinaquina1708 quinquina1740 cinchona1742 quill bark1742 grey bark1781 red bark1782 bark-tree1783 yellow bark1794 cinchona-bark1811 crown bark1823 Loxa bark1825 Suriname bark1844 Lima bark1855 quinine tree1855 1742 C. Linnaeus Genera Plant. (ed. 2) 527 (In Pentandria monogynia)..1021 Cinchona, Quinquina. 1786 in Pettigrew Life Lettsom (1817) III. 222 I have sent some of the bark of the Cinquona. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 233 There are..twelve species of Cinchona from which the Peruvian bark of commerce is derived. 1880 C. R. Markham Peruvian Bark i. iii. 12 In memory of the great service to humanity performed by the Countess of Chinchon, Linnæus named the genus which yields Peruvian bark, Chinchona. Unfortunately the great botanist..spelt the word Cinchona..and CinhonaCinhona... The correct spelling ought now to be generally adopted. 2. The medicinal bark of species of Cinchona, Peruvian bark; also the drug prepared from it. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived ague tree1597 diaprune1625 fever bark1658 Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 quinaquina1708 Angostura bark1789 Angostura1794 cinchona1800 cinchona-bark1811 quinia1823 quinine1824 cinchonine1825 quina1825 quinina1825 cinchonia1831 fever grass1875 quinetum1875 parsley camphor1879 parthenin1885 parthenicine1888 artemisinin1979 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific barks mezereona1500 cortex1680 Jesuits' bark1694 tellicherry bark1734 slippery elm1748 white cinnamon1751 mezereum1754 canella1756 royal bark1794 cinchona1800 rohun bark1820 false Winter's bark1830 calisaya bark1837 mezereon bark1837 Suriname bark1844 carony bark1853 Honduras bark1881 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 161 Active and important remedies; such as, hydrargyrum, cinchona, opium. 1803 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 93 268 Very little tannin is found in cinchona, or in the other barks supposed to be possessed of febrifuge properties. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. at Cinchona There are..twenty-one species of this genus, but only some of them yield commercial Cinchona. Compounds C1. Simple attributive. ΚΠ 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 205 The Cinchona forests. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 169/1 Pöppig..has..long lived in the Cinchona countries. 1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 403 The genuine cinchona trees are confined exclusively to South America. 1870 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Aug. 4 The cinchona plantations in the Madras Government gardens are most thriving. C2. cinchona-bark n. the bark of several species of cinchona, of great medicinal value as a tonic and febrifuge; called also Jesuit's Bark, Peruvian Bark, Quinquina. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived ague tree1597 diaprune1625 fever bark1658 Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 quinaquina1708 Angostura bark1789 Angostura1794 cinchona1800 cinchona-bark1811 quinia1823 quinine1824 cinchonine1825 quina1825 quinina1825 cinchonia1831 fever grass1875 quinetum1875 parsley camphor1879 parthenin1885 parthenicine1888 artemisinin1979 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > cinchona tree or bark Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 Jesuits' Bark1704 quinaquina1708 quinquina1740 cinchona1742 quill bark1742 grey bark1781 red bark1782 bark-tree1783 yellow bark1794 cinchona-bark1811 crown bark1823 Loxa bark1825 Suriname bark1844 Lima bark1855 quinine tree1855 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory iii. 590 Lance-leaved cinchona bark. 1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 48 176 During convalescence red cinchona bark strengthens and sustains nerve power. 1888 Spectator 30 June 916/1 That most priceless of barks, the ‘chinchona bark’, truly called by the Indians ‘quina-quina’, i.e. ‘bark of barks’. cinchona-bases n. alkaloids contained in cinchona bark. cinchona-red n. an amorphous dark reddish-brown substance, obtained from cinchona bark. ΚΠ 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 804 Cinchona Red, an amorphous dark reddish-brown substance, obtained from..Peruvian bark. Derivatives cinchonaceous adj. /sɪŋkəʊˈneɪʃəs/ Botany belonging to the family Cinchonaceæ of which Cinchona is the typical genus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Rubiaceae or Galiaceae (bedstraw, etc.) > [adjective] rubiaceous1805 cinchonaceous1865 cinchonal1866 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xxvii. 563 There are several cinchonaceous trees also in the country. cinchonal adj. Botany epithet of Lindley's ‘alliance’ of families related to the Cinchonaceæ. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Rubiaceae or Galiaceae (bedstraw, etc.) > [adjective] rubiaceous1805 cinchonaceous1865 cinchonal1866 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 285/2 Cinchonaceæ..A natural order..characterizing Lindley's cinchonal alliance. cinˈchonamine n. Chemistry a base C₁₉H₂₄N₂O obtained from cinchona. ΚΠ 1881 Nature No. 627. 23 Cinchonamine..differs from Cinchonine in having 2 atoms more hydrogen. ˈcinchonate n. a salt of cinchonic acid. ΚΠ 1808 Thomson Oxalic Acid in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 66 (note) Cinchonate of lime. cinˈchonia n. Chemistry = cinchonine n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > febrifuge or antipyretic > [noun] > plant-derived ague tree1597 diaprune1625 fever bark1658 Peruvian bark1663 quinquina1681 quinaquina1708 Angostura bark1789 Angostura1794 cinchona1800 cinchona-bark1811 quinia1823 quinine1824 cinchonine1825 quina1825 quinina1825 cinchonia1831 fever grass1875 quinetum1875 parsley camphor1879 parthenin1885 parthenicine1888 artemisinin1979 1831 T. P. Jones New Conversat. Chem. xxviii. 285 Cinchonia, and quinia..are alkaline principles, both contained in Peruvian bark. cinchonic adj. /sɪŋˈkɒnɪk/ of or pertaining to cinchona, as in cinchonic acid, C₁₁H₁₄O₉, obtained from cinchona; formerly applied to quinic adj. acid; cinchonic red = cinchona red. ΚΠ 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 174/1 Slightly soluble red colouring matter or red cinchonic acid. 1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 407 Kinic Acid, or, as it is sometimes called, Cinchonic and Quinic Acid, is generally in the form of a thick syrupy liquid. cinchoˈnicia n. cinˈchonicine n. an alkaloid isomeric with cinchonine. ΚΠ 1853 Pasteur in Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 374 When cinchonine..is subjected to the action of heat, it becomes transformed into a new base isomeric with it, but possessing totally different characters. This new base I call cinchonicine. cinchoˈnidia n. another of the cinchona bases, isomeric with cinchonine, but distinguished from it by its deflecting the plane of polarization of a ray of light to the left. cinˈchonidine n. ΚΠ 1853 Pasteur in Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 13 374 The other base, to which I give the name of cinchonidine. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xl. 350 The bark of this species of trees..contains 2 alcaloids, quinine and cinchonine, and each of these yields 2 isomeric modifications, quinidine and quinicine; cinchonidine and cinchonicine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1742
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