cindern.

Brit.

/ˈsɪndə/, U.S.

/ˈsɪndər/

Forms: Old English sinder, sindor, synder, Middle English syn-, cyndyr, cyndre, Middle English–1500s syndre, Middle English–1600s synder, 1500s sindar, cindre, zynder, 1500s–1600s sinder, 1700s cynder, 1500s– cinder.

Etymology: A variant spelling of sinder, Old English sinder (synder) scoria, slag of metal: corresponding to Old High German sintar, sinter, etc., Middle High German and modern German sinter, Old Norse sindr (Swedish sinder, Danish sinner) all pointing to an Old Germanic *sindro(m. The word has no etymological connection with French cendre, Latin cinerem ashes, although the notion that it has, has both given rise to the current spelling cinder, and influenced the later sense; comparea1400 Black Bk. Admiralty II. 180 Barils de cendres: (15th c. Eng. transl. barell[is] of syndres.)

a. The refuse or dross thrown off from iron or other metals in the furnace; scoria, slag. (Usually in singular) Now technical. forge-cinder, iron slag from a forge or bloomery. mill-cinder, the slag from the puddling furnaces of a rolling-mill.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > slag or scoria

cindera800

drossc1050

scoriaa1398

scum1526

scory1607

recrement1611

slag1612

scorium1681

slackstone1683

finery cinder1786

browsec1794

smithy slack1813

matte1825

sullage1843

forge-cinder1881

basic slag1888

a800 Corpus Gloss. 1808 Scoria, sinder.

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 200/24 Caries, putredo lignorum, uel ferri, sindor.

a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 336/24 Scorium, synder.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xlv. (Tollem. MS.) Synder is calde Scoria, and is þe filþe of yren þat is clensid þer fro in fyre.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 78 Cyndyr of þe smythys fyre, casuma.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 69 In Smiths cinders .

1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 170 The Cinders in the Forest of Dean..(of which our best Iron is made) is..the Rough and Offal thrown by in the Romans' time.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 305 The experiment with finery cinder and charcoal.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 118 Cinder, slag.

figurative.1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxiii. 69 Tho that ben founden fyne gold..and tho that ben founden asshes and synder.1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 242 ‘Oh,’ he said..‘if there's cinder in the iron, 'tis because there was cinder in the pay.’

b. (See quot. 1874.)

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Cinder, a scale of oxide removed in forging.

2. The residue of a combustible substance, esp. coal, after it has ceased to flame, and so also, after it has ceased to burn.

a. An ember or piece of glowing coal, or similar substance, which has ceased to flame. (Now merged in b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ember

gleedc950

emberc1000

cinder1535

grieshoch1802

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xlvii. C Strawe..yf it be kindled with fyre..yet it geueth no zynders to warme a man by.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xviii. 693/1 The Synders of dissensions..presently brake forth into a more raging flame.

a1732 J. Swift Lady's Dressing Room 9 If..The Fat upon a Cinder drops, To stinking Smoak it turns the Flame.

1889 N.E.D. at Cinder Mod. A red-hot cinder fell out and burned the carpet.

b. esp. A small piece of coal from which the gaseous or volatile constituents have been burnt, but which retains much of the carbon, so that it is capable of further combustion without flame.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > cinder

coaleOE

cinder1530

ghost1807

ghost-coal1824

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 205 Cynders of coles, breze.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ii. 94 Supplying the furnace..with the Sinder of the Coale (which is the smaller sort of it fallen into the Ashes and gotten from them with a Seive).

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 69. ⁋8 Employed in sifting Cinders.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1773 I. 401 Johnson: So many bellows have blown the fire, that one wonders he is not by this time become a cinder.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. vii. v. 210 Painful sifting through mountains of dust and ashes for a poor cinder of a fact here and there.

1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 2 Coal cinders have been found amid the ruins of several of the Roman stations.

†c. plural. Coke. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > coke

coke1669

cinder1703

pit charcoal1771

gleed1853

breeze1875

1703 London Gaz. No. 3892/1 An Act for continuing the Duties upon Coles, Culm, and Cynders.

d. plural. Vaguely used for: Residue of combustion; ashes. Still so used dialectally, though in ordinary language ‘cinders’ are quite distinct from ‘ashes’ or the powdery incombustible residue. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ashes or cinders

easlea1000

ashc1000

coalOE

fire-izelsa1325

cinderc1400

sawdusta1873

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. ix. 101 And there besyden growen trees, that beren fulle faire apples..but whoso breketh hem or cutteth hem in two, he schall fynde with in hem coles and cyndres.

1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. E Loue that amidst the coldest Cinders of hate had smothered vp litle sparkes of forepassed affection.

1588 A. Munday Banqvet Daintie Conceits sig. B2^v All thy pompe in cinders laide full lowe.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iv. 37 Sorrow..Doth burne the hart to cinders .

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 73 ^v And from black sinders, and rude heapes of stones, Shall gather vp the Martirs scattered bones.

1878 J. Morley Byron Crit. Misc., Ser. i. 224 The fire, which yet smoulders with abundant life underneath the grey cinders.

†3. plural. The ‘ashes’ of a dead body after cremation or (transferred) decomposition; (see ash n.² 4).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [noun] > remains of the dead

moulda1400

cindersa1547

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > ashes

ashc1275

moulda1400

cindersa1547

cremains1950

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Diii Is there no fayth, Reserued to the sinders of Sycheus?

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. x. sig. P.vi^v/2 Hee would not haue so much as y^e verie cynders to remaine of so wicked men.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §771 In the Coffin..there was nothing to be seen but a little light Cinders about the sides.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 42 What virtue yet sleeps in this terra damnata and aged cinders.

4. Volcanic scoria.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > scoria

slag1673

cinder1774

scoria1792

dross1811

clinker1850

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 101 The volcano ejected cinders.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 66 A stratum of cinders or of pumice stone.

1836 R. W. Emerson Lang. in Nature iv. 41 We are like travellers using the cinders of a volcano to roast their eggs.

†5. Applied to gritty concretions in some soils.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > concretionary or nodular

cinder1562

yolk1665

sinapite1681

race1728

rance1728

pluma1817

pot-lid1822

Suffolk coprolite1867

kernel1892

1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 13 §3 Grounds..wherein Gravel, Sand or Cinders is likely to be found.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The haye of our lowe medowes is..full of sandy cinder, which breedeth sundry diseases in our cattell.

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xviii. 105 Which..Lands were so Gravelly of nature..yea so exceeding herein, that in many places turned to Sinder (like that the Smith casts forth of his fire as the corruption of his Iron, Fire and Coales congealed).

6. slang. Brandy, whiskey, etc., taken in tea, soda water, or other drink.

ΚΠ

1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 119 Cinder, any liquor used in connexion with soda-water, as to ‘take a soda with a cinder in it’. The cinder may be sherry, brandy, or any other liquor.

Compounds

C1. Generalattributive.

cinder-burner n.

ΚΠ

?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 92 Wrought Iron Manufacture:..Cinder Burner.

1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 165 Lyle the cinder-burner has been advised to shift from the Howe Colliery to Warlock Hill.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §278 Cinder burner,..slag burner; roasts tap cinder from puddling or blast furnace to make bulldog.

cinder-fire n.

ΚΠ

1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. 111 Cast-iron, which may require to be annealed in too large a quantity to render the expense of charcoal very agreeable, may be heated in a cinder fire.

cinder-heap n.

ΚΠ

1855 T. Carlyle Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1857) IV. 361 Riddled from the big, Historical cinder-heaps.

cinder-mount n.

ΚΠ

1869 Echo 9 Oct. For the purpose of conveying the cinder from the furnaces there is a fixed engine which draws it up an incline to the ‘cinder mount’.

cinder-shard n.

ΚΠ

a1918 W. Owen Coll. Poems (1963) 91 And I saw white bones in the cinder-shard.

cinder-dropping adj.

cinder-like adj.

ΚΠ

1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 83 Thus all in flames I sinderlike consume.

C2.

Categories »

cinder-bed n. a bed or stratum of cinders; spec. a quarryman's name for a geological stratum of loose structure in the Middle Purbeck series, consisting chiefly of oyster-shells.

cinder-cone n. a cone formed round the mouth of a volcano by debris cast up during eruption.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [noun] > cone or peak

pike1555

puy1827

cone1830

hornito1830

monticule1830

cinder-cone1849

parasitic cone1863

mud cone1868

piton1886

driblet cone1888

sommac1910

shield1937

1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. 354 Cinder cones in the parts of the Pacific under examination are of various heights, to two thousand feet.

1885 A. Geikie Geol. (ed. 2) 227 Tuff-Cones, Cinder-Cones. Successive eruptions of fine dust and stones.

1905 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. I. 580 The larger portion of the lava blown into the air by the expanding gas-bubbles falls back in the immediate vicinity of the vent and builds up a cinder-cone.

1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xi. 314 An ash or cinder cone is built up when a sufficient supply of tephra is erupted.

cinder-fall n. ‘the inclined plane on which the melted slag from a blast-furnace descends’.

ΚΠ

1856 Mining Mag. Sept. 133 The angular space between the cinder fall and tuyeres is beyond the direct action of the blast.

cinder-frame n. a wire frame in front of the tubes of a locomotive engine, to prevent the escape of ignited cinders.

ΚΠ

1850 Princ. & Pract. Locomotive Engines Gloss. 64 Cinder frame, a wire-work frame, placed in front of the tubes to arrest the ascent of large pieces of ignited coke.

cinder-gray adj. ? ashen-gray.

ΚΠ

1883 T. Hardy Three Strangers in Longman's Mag. Mar. 580 The stranger in cinder-grey.

cinder-notch n. ‘the hole through which cinder’ or slag ‘is tapped from a furnace’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.).

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 118 Cinder-tap, Cinder-notch, the hole through which cinder is tapped from a furnace.

cinder-path n. a footpath, or running-track, laid with cinders.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > with specific surface

cinder-path1838

cinder track1887

dirt track1902

duck-walk1915

duckboard1917

1838 C. Dickens Let. 1 Nov. (1965) I. 447 Miles of cinder-paths and blazing furnaces and roaring steam engines.

1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 907/2 St. Paul's School..has..a quarter-mile cinder path.

1885 Punch 3 Jan. 4/1 Life..isn't all Cinder-path, Charlie.

1887 Times 31 Oct. 9 H. has achieved many excellent performances on the cinder-path.

cinder-pig n. pig-iron made from ores with admixture of ‘cinder’ or slag.

cinder-plate n. the iron plate forming the front of a bloomery.

cinder-sabled adj. blackened with cinders.

ΚΠ

1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 89 She..opes the door with cinder-sabled hands.

cinder-sifter n. (a) one who sifts cinders (also figurative); (b) a contrivance for sifting dust or ashes from cinders.

ΚΠ

1820 J. Keats Let. Aug. (1931) II. 561 Nothing is so bad as want of health—it makes one envy Scavengers and Cinder-sifters.

1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. iii. 31 1 Cinder sifter..1s. 3d.

1876 C. H. Spurgeon Commenting 8 Gill was a cinder-sifter among the Targums, the Talmuds, etc.

1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 71/2 Acting as a ‘Tidy Betty’ with Cinder-sifter.

cinder-tap n. = cinder-notch n.

ΚΠ

1881Cinder tap [see cinder-notch n.].

cinder-tea n. a folk-medicine, made by pouring boiling water on cinders, administered to young children.

cinder track n. = cinder-path n.; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > with specific surface

cinder-path1838

cinder track1887

dirt track1902

duck-walk1915

duckboard1917

1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 182 Nearly all the regular paths are ‘cinder tracks’.

1893 Outing 21 135/2 There is a sharp line dividing cinder-track athletes from cross-country runners.

1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan xi. 143 It had..a cinder track one-eighth mile in circumference.

1953 X. Fielding Stronghold iv. ii. 263 There was no-one in sight on this natural cinder-track.

cinder-wench n. a female whose occupation it is to rake cinders from among ashes.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > woman who rakes cinders

cinder-woman1689

cinder-wench1712

1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull in his Senses iv. 18 She..went abroad like a Cynder-Wench.

1786 London Mag. Oct. 546 She..envies every cinder-wench she meets.

cinder-woman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > woman who rakes cinders

cinder-woman1689

cinder-wench1712

1689 Ess. Satyr in Fourth Coll. Poems 32 To find it out's the Cinder-woman's trade.

Draft additions December 2005

cinderblock n. North American †(a) a brass or cast iron slab forming part of a blast furnace and containing holes through which slag is discharged during iron smelting (obsolete); (b) a large building block made of slag (usually from iron smelting or coal burning) and cement; a breeze-block.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [noun]

framec1425

staddlec1563

sided1602

brick house1608

dobe1838

brick1844

adobe1852

shell1852

cinderblock1868

tin chapel1884

brick veneer1885

red brick1892

gambrel1917

weatherboard1925

Terrapin1949

Portakabin1963

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > hearth or floor of furnace > parts of

ash-hole1651

workstone1667

ash-pit1797

sow1843

cinderblock1868

1868 Sci. Amer. 9 Dec. 382/2 A blast furnace with a closed breast where the slag is discharged through an opening or openings cooled by water... The slag discharge piece or cinder block.

1869 H. S. Osborn Metall. Iron & Steel ii. xii. 626 Probably the use of the Lurmann cinder-block, which has been adopted at some of the works, will be found especially advantageous in raising the product of the very large furnaces.

1922 Oneonta (N.Y.) Daily Star 20 Jan. 7/5 Cinder blocks, the invention of Frank Cordery of New York, are being used in the construction of a $100,000 residence in New Rochelle, New York.

1995 Home & School Apr. 42/1 Lunch hour is nearly over at Wellington Junior High School, a blue-and-white cinderblock building on Edmonton's north side.

Draft additions March 2014

cinder toffee n. British. = honeycomb n. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > other sweets

scrochat1448

gobbet riala1500

Portugal1560

sugar-pellet1591

muscadine1599

moscardino1616

rock candy1653

covering-seeds1687

lollipop1784

turn-over1798

lavender-sugar1810

humbug1825

kiss1825

elecampane1826

Gibraltar1831

yellow man1831

rose cake1834

cockle1835

maple candy1840

butterscotch1847

sponge candy1850

squib1851

honeycomb1857

marshmallow1857

motto kiss1858

fondant1861

coffee cream1868

candy-braid1870

candy bar1885

suckabob1888

nut bar1896

crackerjack1902

teiglach1903

red-hot1910

violet cream1912

mouldy1916

patty1916

lace1919

Tootsie Roll1925

sugar mouse1931

Parma1971

cinder toffee1979

1979 Guardian 28 Sept. 2/7 The ‘spice shop’ where their children could buy kali and cinder toffee, tiger nuts and locust beans.

1995 K. Atkinson Behind Scenes at Museum (1996) ii. 52 Eventually, inside Tom's old knapsack they placed..a slab of parkin, a bag of cinder toffee, three apples and three bottles of ginger beer.

2012 Sun (Nexis) 4 Nov. 40 Make sure you watch the cooking times and temperatures closely to be sure you end up with light, bubbly cinder toffee..that holds its shape as it cools.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cinder
释义	cindern. Brit. /ˈsɪndə/, U.S. /ˈsɪndər/ Forms: Old English sinder, sindor, synder, Middle English syn-, cyndyr, cyndre, Middle English–1500s syndre, Middle English–1600s synder, 1500s sindar, cindre, zynder, 1500s–1600s sinder, 1700s cynder, 1500s– cinder. Etymology: A variant spelling of sinder, Old English sinder (synder) scoria, slag of metal: corresponding to Old High German sintar, sinter, etc., Middle High German and modern German sinter, Old Norse sindr (Swedish sinder, Danish sinner) all pointing to an Old Germanic sindro(m. The word has no etymological connection with French cendre, Latin cinerem* ashes, although the notion that it has, has both given rise to the current spelling cinder, and influenced the later sense; comparea1400 Black Bk. Admiralty II. 180 Barils de cendres: (15th c. Eng. transl. barell[is] of syndres.) 1. a. The refuse or dross thrown off from iron or other metals in the furnace; scoria, slag. (Usually in singular) Now technical. forge-cinder, iron slag from a forge or bloomery. mill-cinder, the slag from the puddling furnaces of a rolling-mill. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > slag or scoria cindera800 drossc1050 scoriaa1398 scum1526 scory1607 recrement1611 slag1612 scorium1681 slackstone1683 finery cinder1786 browsec1794 smithy slack1813 matte1825 sullage1843 forge-cinder1881 basic slag1888 a800 Corpus Gloss. 1808 Scoria, sinder. a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 200/24 Caries, putredo lignorum, uel ferri, sindor. a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 336/24 Scorium, synder. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. xlv. (Tollem. MS.) Synder is calde Scoria, and is þe filþe of yren þat is clensid þer fro in fyre. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 78 Cyndyr of þe smythys fyre, casuma. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. iii. 69 In Smiths cinders . View more context for this quotation 1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 170 The Cinders in the Forest of Dean..(of which our best Iron is made) is..the Rough and Offal thrown by in the Romans' time. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 305 The experiment with finery cinder and charcoal. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 118 Cinder, slag. figurative.1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxiii. 69 Tho that ben founden fyne gold..and tho that ben founden asshes and synder.1860 R. W. Emerson Considerations in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 242 ‘Oh,’ he said..‘if there's cinder in the iron, 'tis because there was cinder in the pay.’ b. (See quot. 1874.) ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Cinder, a scale of oxide removed in forging. 2. The residue of a combustible substance, esp. coal, after it has ceased to flame, and so also, after it has ceased to burn. a. An ember or piece of glowing coal, or similar substance, which has ceased to flame. (Now merged in b.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ember gleedc950 emberc1000 cinder1535 grieshoch1802 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xlvii. C Strawe..yf it be kindled with fyre..yet it geueth no zynders to warme a man by. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xviii. 693/1 The Synders of dissensions..presently brake forth into a more raging flame. a1732 J. Swift Lady's Dressing Room 9 If..The Fat upon a Cinder drops, To stinking Smoak it turns the Flame. 1889 N.E.D. at Cinder Mod. A red-hot cinder fell out and burned the carpet. b. esp. A small piece of coal from which the gaseous or volatile constituents have been burnt, but which retains much of the carbon, so that it is capable of further combustion without flame. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > cinder coaleOE cinder1530 ghost1807 ghost-coal1824 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 205 Cynders of coles, breze. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ii. 94 Supplying the furnace..with the Sinder of the Coale (which is the smaller sort of it fallen into the Ashes and gotten from them with a Seive). 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 69. ⁋8 Employed in sifting Cinders. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1773 I. 401 Johnson: So many bellows have blown the fire, that one wonders he is not by this time become a cinder. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. vii. v. 210 Painful sifting through mountains of dust and ashes for a poor cinder of a fact here and there. 1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 2 Coal cinders have been found amid the ruins of several of the Roman stations. †c. plural. Coke. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > coke coke1669 cinder1703 pit charcoal1771 gleed1853 breeze1875 1703 London Gaz. No. 3892/1 An Act for continuing the Duties upon Coles, Culm, and Cynders. d. plural. Vaguely used for: Residue of combustion; ashes. Still so used dialectally, though in ordinary language ‘cinders’ are quite distinct from ‘ashes’ or the powdery incombustible residue. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > ashes or cinders easlea1000 ashc1000 coalOE fire-izelsa1325 cinderc1400 sawdusta1873 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. ix. 101 And there besyden growen trees, that beren fulle faire apples..but whoso breketh hem or cutteth hem in two, he schall fynde with in hem coles and cyndres. 1587 R. Greene Euphues sig. E Loue that amidst the coldest Cinders of hate had smothered vp litle sparkes of forepassed affection. 1588 A. Munday Banqvet Daintie Conceits sig. B2^v All thy pompe in cinders laide full lowe. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iv. 37 Sorrow..Doth burne the hart to cinders . View more context for this quotation 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 73 ^v And from black sinders, and rude heapes of stones, Shall gather vp the Martirs scattered bones. 1878 J. Morley Byron Crit. Misc., Ser. i. 224 The fire, which yet smoulders with abundant life underneath the grey cinders. †3. plural. The ‘ashes’ of a dead body after cremation or (transferred) decomposition; (see ash n.² 4). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [noun] > remains of the dead moulda1400 cindersa1547 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] > ashes ashc1275 moulda1400 cindersa1547 cremains1950 a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Diii Is there no fayth, Reserued to the sinders of Sycheus? 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. x. sig. P.vi^v/2 Hee would not haue so much as y^e verie cynders to remaine of so wicked men. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §771 In the Coffin..there was nothing to be seen but a little light Cinders about the sides. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 42 What virtue yet sleeps in this terra damnata and aged cinders. 4. Volcanic scoria. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > volcanic rocks > lava > scoria slag1673 cinder1774 scoria1792 dross1811 clinker1850 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 101 The volcano ejected cinders. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 66 A stratum of cinders or of pumice stone. 1836 R. W. Emerson Lang. in Nature iv. 41 We are like travellers using the cinders of a volcano to roast their eggs. †5. Applied to gritty concretions in some soils. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > a stone > [noun] > concretionary or nodular cinder1562 yolk1665 sinapite1681 race1728 rance1728 pluma1817 pot-lid1822 Suffolk coprolite1867 kernel1892 1562 Act 5 Eliz. c. 13 §3 Grounds..wherein Gravel, Sand or Cinders is likely to be found. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. xiii. f. 38/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I The haye of our lowe medowes is..full of sandy cinder, which breedeth sundry diseases in our cattell. 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xviii. 105 Which..Lands were so Gravelly of nature..yea so exceeding herein, that in many places turned to Sinder (like that the Smith casts forth of his fire as the corruption of his Iron, Fire and Coales congealed). 6. slang. Brandy, whiskey, etc., taken in tea, soda water, or other drink. ΚΠ 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 119 Cinder, any liquor used in connexion with soda-water, as to ‘take a soda with a cinder in it’. The cinder may be sherry, brandy, or any other liquor. Compounds C1. Generalattributive. a. cinder-burner n. ΚΠ ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 92 Wrought Iron Manufacture:..Cinder Burner. 1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 165 Lyle the cinder-burner has been advised to shift from the Howe Colliery to Warlock Hill. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §278 Cinder burner,..slag burner; roasts tap cinder from puddling or blast furnace to make bulldog. cinder-fire n. ΚΠ 1868 F. H. Joynson Metals in Constr. 111 Cast-iron, which may require to be annealed in too large a quantity to render the expense of charcoal very agreeable, may be heated in a cinder fire. cinder-heap n. ΚΠ 1855 T. Carlyle Crit. & Misc. Ess. (1857) IV. 361 Riddled from the big, Historical cinder-heaps. cinder-mount n. ΚΠ 1869 Echo 9 Oct. For the purpose of conveying the cinder from the furnaces there is a fixed engine which draws it up an incline to the ‘cinder mount’. cinder-shard n. ΚΠ a1918 W. Owen Coll. Poems (1963) 91 And I saw white bones in the cinder-shard. b. cinder-dropping adj. cinder-like adj. ΚΠ 1575 G. Gascoigne Hundred Flowers in Wks. 83 Thus all in flames I sinderlike consume. C2. Categories » cinder-bed n. a bed or stratum of cinders; spec. a quarryman's name for a geological stratum of loose structure in the Middle Purbeck series, consisting chiefly of oyster-shells. cinder-cone n. a cone formed round the mouth of a volcano by debris cast up during eruption. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [noun] > cone or peak pike1555 puy1827 cone1830 hornito1830 monticule1830 cinder-cone1849 parasitic cone1863 mud cone1868 piton1886 driblet cone1888 sommac1910 shield1937 1849 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Geol. 354 Cinder cones in the parts of the Pacific under examination are of various heights, to two thousand feet. 1885 A. Geikie Geol. (ed. 2) 227 Tuff-Cones, Cinder-Cones. Successive eruptions of fine dust and stones. 1905 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. I. 580 The larger portion of the lava blown into the air by the expanding gas-bubbles falls back in the immediate vicinity of the vent and builds up a cinder-cone. 1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xi. 314 An ash or cinder cone is built up when a sufficient supply of tephra is erupted. cinder-fall n. ‘the inclined plane on which the melted slag from a blast-furnace descends’. ΚΠ 1856 Mining Mag. Sept. 133 The angular space between the cinder fall and tuyeres is beyond the direct action of the blast. cinder-frame n. a wire frame in front of the tubes of a locomotive engine, to prevent the escape of ignited cinders. ΚΠ 1850 Princ. & Pract. Locomotive Engines Gloss. 64 Cinder frame, a wire-work frame, placed in front of the tubes to arrest the ascent of large pieces of ignited coke. cinder-gray adj. ? ashen-gray. ΚΠ 1883 T. Hardy Three Strangers in Longman's Mag. Mar. 580 The stranger in cinder-grey. cinder-notch n. ‘the hole through which cinder’ or slag ‘is tapped from a furnace’ (Raymond Mining Gloss.). ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 118 Cinder-tap, Cinder-notch, the hole through which cinder is tapped from a furnace. cinder-path n. a footpath, or running-track, laid with cinders. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > with specific surface cinder-path1838 cinder track1887 dirt track1902 duck-walk1915 duckboard1917 1838 C. Dickens Let. 1 Nov. (1965) I. 447 Miles of cinder-paths and blazing furnaces and roaring steam engines. 1883 Harper's Mag. Nov. 907/2 St. Paul's School..has..a quarter-mile cinder path. 1885 Punch 3 Jan. 4/1 Life..isn't all Cinder-path, Charlie. 1887 Times 31 Oct. 9 H. has achieved many excellent performances on the cinder-path. cinder-pig n. pig-iron made from ores with admixture of ‘cinder’ or slag. cinder-plate n. the iron plate forming the front of a bloomery. cinder-sabled adj. blackened with cinders. ΚΠ 1812 H. Smith & J. Smith Rejected Addr. 89 She..opes the door with cinder-sabled hands. cinder-sifter n. (a) one who sifts cinders (also figurative); (b) a contrivance for sifting dust or ashes from cinders. ΚΠ 1820 J. Keats Let. Aug. (1931) II. 561 Nothing is so bad as want of health—it makes one envy Scavengers and Cinder-sifters. 1861 I. M. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. iii. 31 1 Cinder sifter..1s. 3d. 1876 C. H. Spurgeon Commenting 8 Gill was a cinder-sifter among the Targums, the Talmuds, etc. 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 71/2 Acting as a ‘Tidy Betty’ with Cinder-sifter. cinder-tap n. = cinder-notch n. ΚΠ 1881Cinder tap [see cinder-notch n.]. cinder-tea n. a folk-medicine, made by pouring boiling water on cinders, administered to young children. cinder track n. = cinder-path n.; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > with specific surface cinder-path1838 cinder track1887 dirt track1902 duck-walk1915 duckboard1917 1887 M. Shearman Athletics & Football (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 182 Nearly all the regular paths are ‘cinder tracks’. 1893 Outing 21 135/2 There is a sharp line dividing cinder-track athletes from cross-country runners. 1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan xi. 143 It had..a cinder track one-eighth mile in circumference. 1953 X. Fielding Stronghold iv. ii. 263 There was no-one in sight on this natural cinder-track. cinder-wench n. a female whose occupation it is to rake cinders from among ashes. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > woman who rakes cinders cinder-woman1689 cinder-wench1712 1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull in his Senses iv. 18 She..went abroad like a Cynder-Wench. 1786 London Mag. Oct. 546 She..envies every cinder-wench she meets. cinder-woman n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > woman who rakes cinders cinder-woman1689 cinder-wench1712 1689 Ess. Satyr in Fourth Coll. Poems 32 To find it out's the Cinder-woman's trade. Draft additions December 2005 cinderblock n. North American †(a) a brass or cast iron slab forming part of a blast furnace and containing holes through which slag is discharged during iron smelting (obsolete); (b) a large building block made of slag (usually from iron smelting or coal burning) and cement; a breeze-block. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [noun] framec1425 staddlec1563 sided1602 brick house1608 dobe1838 brick1844 adobe1852 shell1852 cinderblock1868 tin chapel1884 brick veneer1885 red brick1892 gambrel1917 weatherboard1925 Terrapin1949 Portakabin1963 society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > hearth or floor of furnace > parts of ash-hole1651 workstone1667 ash-pit1797 sow1843 cinderblock1868 1868 Sci. Amer. 9 Dec. 382/2 A blast furnace with a closed breast where the slag is discharged through an opening or openings cooled by water... The slag discharge piece or cinder block. 1869 H. S. Osborn Metall. Iron & Steel ii. xii. 626 Probably the use of the Lurmann cinder-block, which has been adopted at some of the works, will be found especially advantageous in raising the product of the very large furnaces. 1922 Oneonta (N.Y.) Daily Star 20 Jan. 7/5 Cinder blocks, the invention of Frank Cordery of New York, are being used in the construction of a $100,000 residence in New Rochelle, New York. 1995 Home & School Apr. 42/1 Lunch hour is nearly over at Wellington Junior High School, a blue-and-white cinderblock building on Edmonton's north side. Draft additions March 2014 cinder toffee n. British. = honeycomb n. 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > other sweets scrochat1448 gobbet riala1500 Portugal1560 sugar-pellet1591 muscadine1599 moscardino1616 rock candy1653 covering-seeds1687 lollipop1784 turn-over1798 lavender-sugar1810 humbug1825 kiss1825 elecampane1826 Gibraltar1831 yellow man1831 rose cake1834 cockle1835 maple candy1840 butterscotch1847 sponge candy1850 squib1851 honeycomb1857 marshmallow1857 motto kiss1858 fondant1861 coffee cream1868 candy-braid1870 candy bar1885 suckabob1888 nut bar1896 crackerjack1902 teiglach1903 red-hot1910 violet cream1912 mouldy1916 patty1916 lace1919 Tootsie Roll1925 sugar mouse1931 Parma1971 cinder toffee1979 1979 Guardian 28 Sept. 2/7 The ‘spice shop’ where their children could buy kali and cinder toffee, tiger nuts and locust beans. 1995 K. Atkinson Behind Scenes at Museum (1996) ii. 52 Eventually, inside Tom's old knapsack they placed..a slab of parkin, a bag of cinder toffee, three apples and three bottles of ginger beer. 2012 Sun (Nexis) 4 Nov. 40 Make sure you watch the cooking times and temperatures closely to be sure you end up with light, bubbly cinder toffee..that holds its shape as it cools. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cinderv. Brit. /ˈsɪndə/, U.S. /ˈsɪndər/ Forms: Also Middle English scin-. Etymology: < cinder n. transitive. To burn to a cinder, reduce to cinders. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > burn to ashes to burn to, into (formerly also in) ashesc1175 to burn to powderc1175 adust?a1425 incinerate1555 adure1583 cinder1628 calcine1633 cinefy1654 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xxxvi. sig. O8^v Vntold griefes choake, cynder the Heart. Derivatives cindered adj. ΚΠ 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. xii This citie Shulde into scindred asshes tourned be. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 86^v His graued ghost and cindred moulde. 1846 C. G. Prowett tr. Æschylus Prometheus Bound 18 His brawny force All thunder-scathed and cindered. 1869 ‘E. Garrett’ Crust & Cake (1871) xxxvi. 447 Burnt up..like a cindered bannock. cindering adj. ΚΠ 1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xvi, in Posies sig. Hii^v Where sworde and cindring flame Consume. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a800v.1430
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cindern.

Compounds

Draft additions December 2005

Draft additions March 2014

cinderv.

Derivatives