civil libertyn.

Brit.

/ˌsɪvl ˈlɪbəti/, U.S.

/ˌsɪvᵻl ˈlɪbərdi/

Forms: see civil adj., n., and adv. and liberty n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: civil adj., liberty n.¹

Etymology: < civil adj. + liberty n.¹ Compare civil right n.

†1. Liberty in civil (as opposed to spiritual or ecclesiastical) life. Cf. civil adj. 13. Obsolete.Perhaps not always as a fixed collocation.

ΚΠ

1596 W. Perkins Disc. Conscience iii. 97 I say, it is spirituall, first to put a difference betweene it [sc. Christian liberty] and civill libertie, which standes in outward and bodily freedomes and priuiledges.

1596 Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot sig. ¶vi ^v You shall reade of a most holy, a iust, and an honorable warre: of armes lawfully vndertaken, for the defence both of the Christian, and of the ciuill libertie.

1610 J. Robinson Justif. Separation from Church of Eng. 30 Our civil liberty we may loose without syn, & without syn vndergo bodily domages..but we are bidden ‘stand for the liberty wherwith Christ hath freed vs,’ & that is the whol liberty of the Church.

1639 W. Balcanquhall Large Declar. Tumults Scotl. 284 The former of these [papers]..in which is that seditious Article..(intimating their feare of the losse of their Civill libertie as well as Christian) he acknowledged he had seene; but denied that he had seene the other.

a. Freedom of the individual within society; spec. the liberty to which all members of a community or society are entitled within the bounds of laws considered necessary for the good of the community as a whole.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] > civil liberty

freedomeOE

libertyc1405

civil liberty1614

1614 T. Jackson Third Bk. Comm. Apostles Creede iii. vi. 151 The glory of a common weale, or praise of gouernement, consists in the ingenuitie or ciuill libertie, not in the slauery, or seruile condition of the gouerned: or in their voluntary obsequiousnesse to wholesome lawes, proportioned to common good; not in their absolute subiection to the omnipotent will of an vnruly Tyrant.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 1 When complaints are freely heard, deeply consider'd, and speedily reform'd, then is the utmost bound of civill liberty attain'd, that wise men looke for.

1647 S. Marshall Expedient to preserve Peace 13 Civill liberty is a freedome which we exercise under the constitutions of some Politicall society. The Naturall liberty of every particular man, would bee the greatest servitude of all.

1761 D. Hume Let. 15 May (1932) I. 344 The spirit of faction, which prevails in this country, and which is a natural attendant on civil liberty, carries every thing to extremes on the one side, as well as on the other.

1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxix. 281 The power which the community leaves him possessed of with respect to his own conduct, may be called his civil liberty.

1793 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 12) 149 That system of laws..calculated to maintain civil liberty.

1801 E. Pendleton Let. 5 Oct. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 696 The chief good derivable from government, is civil liberty.

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 62 Slaves have no civil liberty; but are entirely under the authority of their owners.

1876 Times 27 Dec. 4/2 It could not have been witnessed even here, where civil liberty has for years been but a mockery.

1952 R. McKeon Freedom & Hist. iii. 50 By the social contract man loses his natural liberty, which is limited only by the power of the individual, and gains civil liberty, which is limited by the general will.

1978 S. R. Davis Federal Princ. 212 Some ‘federal’ systems fail, some do not;..some promote a great measure of civil liberty, some do not.

b. Chiefly in plural. Each of those social and political freedoms which are considered to be the entitlement of all members of a community. Cf. civil right n.

ΚΠ

1640 Remonstr. Present Troubles Estates Scotl. 18 As this plot hath been set on foot for the benefit of strangers, so it will be continued to the weakning of both the Kingdomes the overthrow of our Religion, and civill liberties, to the uttermost of their power.

1695 Enq. Anc. Const. Eng. Pref. 7 Sacrificing (under the will-worship of a pretended loyalty) the religion, civil Liberties and properties of their country to Cæsar's will.

1721 R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1830) II. 139/2 In the first room, our religious and reformation-rights, and next our lives and civil liberties, are laid at the King's feet.

1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 53 We must sacrifice some civil liberties, for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 113 Any attack on the civil liberties of his people.

1887 Newcastle Weekly Courant 13 May 3/7 The municipal institutions of the country all lay at the root of every civil liberty and they were well calculated to promote the general good.

a1948 M. Shahnawaz in M. Shamsie Dragonfly in Sun (1997) 38 She arrived to find a sea of people, a seething angry mass that was shouting for justice and civil liberties.

1972 N.Y. Times 6 Feb. i. 47/2 The new Libertarian party..would cut Government intervention sharply both at home and abroad and encourage civil liberties and unrestricted capitalism.

2005 New Internationalist Mar. 15/1 Bush's ‘national security’ involves the restriction of our most basic civil liberties.

Derivatives

ˌcivil liberˈtarian adj. and n. (a) adj. that advocates civil liberty; (b) n. an advocate of civil liberty; a civil rights activist.

ΚΠ

1935 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 4 316/1 Assertedly militant civil-libertarian organizations like the N.A.A.C.P.

1943 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 16 Apr. 4/1 While that might mollify the Civil Libertarians, it would not in fact restore the evacuees to the immunity which they formerly enjoyed.

1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 12 Oct. 5/5 To the extent that neo-liberalism embodies a similarly civil libertarian perspective.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) 12 The challenge for civil libertarians is that authoritarians always have the best rhetoric.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	civil liberty
释义	civil libertyn. Brit. /ˌsɪvl ˈlɪbəti/, U.S. /ˌsɪvᵻl ˈlɪbərdi/ Forms: see civil adj., n., and adv. and liberty n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: civil adj., liberty n.¹ Etymology: < civil adj. + liberty n.¹ Compare civil right n. †1. Liberty in civil (as opposed to spiritual or ecclesiastical) life. Cf. civil adj. 13. Obsolete.Perhaps not always as a fixed collocation. ΚΠ 1596 W. Perkins Disc. Conscience iii. 97 I say, it is spirituall, first to put a difference betweene it [sc. Christian liberty] and civill libertie, which standes in outward and bodily freedomes and priuiledges. 1596 Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot sig. ¶vi ^v You shall reade of a most holy, a iust, and an honorable warre: of armes lawfully vndertaken, for the defence both of the Christian, and of the ciuill libertie. 1610 J. Robinson Justif. Separation from Church of Eng. 30 Our civil liberty we may loose without syn, & without syn vndergo bodily domages..but we are bidden ‘stand for the liberty wherwith Christ hath freed vs,’ & that is the whol liberty of the Church. 1639 W. Balcanquhall Large Declar. Tumults Scotl. 284 The former of these [papers]..in which is that seditious Article..(intimating their feare of the losse of their Civill libertie as well as Christian) he acknowledged he had seene; but denied that he had seene the other. 2. a. Freedom of the individual within society; spec. the liberty to which all members of a community or society are entitled within the bounds of laws considered necessary for the good of the community as a whole. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] > civil liberty freedomeOE libertyc1405 civil liberty1614 1614 T. Jackson Third Bk. Comm. Apostles Creede iii. vi. 151 The glory of a common weale, or praise of gouernement, consists in the ingenuitie or ciuill libertie, not in the slauery, or seruile condition of the gouerned: or in their voluntary obsequiousnesse to wholesome lawes, proportioned to common good; not in their absolute subiection to the omnipotent will of an vnruly Tyrant. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 1 When complaints are freely heard, deeply consider'd, and speedily reform'd, then is the utmost bound of civill liberty attain'd, that wise men looke for. 1647 S. Marshall Expedient to preserve Peace 13 Civill liberty is a freedome which we exercise under the constitutions of some Politicall society. The Naturall liberty of every particular man, would bee the greatest servitude of all. 1761 D. Hume Let. 15 May (1932) I. 344 The spirit of faction, which prevails in this country, and which is a natural attendant on civil liberty, carries every thing to extremes on the one side, as well as on the other. 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. xxxix. 281 The power which the community leaves him possessed of with respect to his own conduct, may be called his civil liberty. 1793 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 12) 149 That system of laws..calculated to maintain civil liberty. 1801 E. Pendleton Let. 5 Oct. in Lett. & Papers (1967) II. 696 The chief good derivable from government, is civil liberty. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 62 Slaves have no civil liberty; but are entirely under the authority of their owners. 1876 Times 27 Dec. 4/2 It could not have been witnessed even here, where civil liberty has for years been but a mockery. 1952 R. McKeon Freedom & Hist. iii. 50 By the social contract man loses his natural liberty, which is limited only by the power of the individual, and gains civil liberty, which is limited by the general will. 1978 S. R. Davis Federal Princ. 212 Some ‘federal’ systems fail, some do not;..some promote a great measure of civil liberty, some do not. b. Chiefly in plural. Each of those social and political freedoms which are considered to be the entitlement of all members of a community. Cf. civil right n. ΚΠ 1640 Remonstr. Present Troubles Estates Scotl. 18 As this plot hath been set on foot for the benefit of strangers, so it will be continued to the weakning of both the Kingdomes the overthrow of our Religion, and civill liberties, to the uttermost of their power. 1695 Enq. Anc. Const. Eng. Pref. 7 Sacrificing (under the will-worship of a pretended loyalty) the religion, civil Liberties and properties of their country to Cæsar's will. 1721 R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1830) II. 139/2 In the first room, our religious and reformation-rights, and next our lives and civil liberties, are laid at the King's feet. 1775 E. Burke Speech Resol. for Concil. Colonies 53 We must sacrifice some civil liberties, for the advantages to be derived from the communion and fellowship of a great empire. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 113 Any attack on the civil liberties of his people. 1887 Newcastle Weekly Courant 13 May 3/7 The municipal institutions of the country all lay at the root of every civil liberty and they were well calculated to promote the general good. a1948 M. Shahnawaz in M. Shamsie Dragonfly in Sun (1997) 38 She arrived to find a sea of people, a seething angry mass that was shouting for justice and civil liberties. 1972 N.Y. Times 6 Feb. i. 47/2 The new Libertarian party..would cut Government intervention sharply both at home and abroad and encourage civil liberties and unrestricted capitalism. 2005 New Internationalist Mar. 15/1 Bush's ‘national security’ involves the restriction of our most basic civil liberties. Derivatives ˌcivil liberˈtarian adj. and n. (a) adj. that advocates civil liberty; (b) n. an advocate of civil liberty; a civil rights activist. ΚΠ 1935 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 4 316/1 Assertedly militant civil-libertarian organizations like the N.A.A.C.P. 1943 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 16 Apr. 4/1 While that might mollify the Civil Libertarians, it would not in fact restore the evacuees to the immunity which they formerly enjoyed. 1979 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 12 Oct. 5/5 To the extent that neo-liberalism embodies a similarly civil libertarian perspective. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) 12 The challenge for civil libertarians is that authoritarians always have the best rhetoric. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1596
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