African Americann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌafrᵻk(ə)n əˈmɛrᵻk(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˌæfrəkən əˈmɛrəkən/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: African adj., American n.

Etymology: < African adj. + American n. Compare earlier Africo-American n., Africo-American adj., American African n.

Originally U.S.

A. n.

An American (esp. a North American) of African origin; a black American. Cf. Afro-American n., Americo-African adj. and n. at Americo- comb. form 2.Although both African and African American were widely used in the United States in the 19th cent., the adoption of African American as a preferred term among black Americans dates from the late 1960s and early 1970s (particularly after an April 1972 conference at which Ramona Edelin, president of the National Urban Coalition, proposed its use). The term gained widespread acceptance following its endorsement by the Reverend Jesse Jackson (b. 1941) during his presidential nomination campaign in 1988.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin

American1648

African1700

High Dutch1773

Low Dutch1773

German-American1775

African American1782

Anglo-American1785

Irish-American1786

Africo-American1788

American African1826

Pennsylvania German1827

Pennsylvania Dutch1831

Afro-American1833

far-downer1834

Mexicano1847

knickerbocker1848

Chinese-American1854

Italian–American1873

Polish-American1876

Polacker1883

roundhead1895

hunk1896

Polack1898

Senegambian1900

bohunk1903

honky1904

hunyak1911

Turk1914

boho1920

Anglo1923

Euro-American1925

turkey1932

narrowback1933

nisei1934

roundheader1934

pachuco1943

pocho1944

Latino1946

Chicano1947

Mexican-American1948

Asian American1952

Amerasian1957

Chicana1966

Afrikan1972

Hispanic1972

1782 ‘An African American’ Serm. on Capture Ld. Cornwallis p. iii That the ruler of the universe may crown with success the cause of freedom, and speedily relieve your bleeding country, is the hearty wish of an African American.

1835 Liberator 26 Sept. 1/5 Let Christian abolition praying societies be formed, of Americans and African Americans, every where.

1855 T. Parker Trial Theodore Parker 217 I have shown you the aim and purposes of the Slave Power—to make this vast Continent..a House of Bondage for African Americans.

1890 Amer. Missionary Dec. 386 The African-American is awakening more rapidly than ever to his needs.

1962 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 31 475 African-Americans in the making of America..[included] Crispus Attucks of Boston Massacre fame.

1979 Jrnl. Black Stud. 8 437 Belonging or acceptance in Black organizations is of particular importance to African Americans because of their exclusion from many White organizations.

1997 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Jan. f1/2 Like thousands of middle-class and middle-class-aspiring African-Americans, I was taught throughout childhood to loathe black English.

2007 New Yorker 3 Dec. 47/1 The worship pastor,..an African-American, directs this part of the service.

B. adj.

Often with hyphen. Designating or relating to African Americans. Cf. Afro-American adj., Americo-African adj. and n. at Americo- comb. form 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] > by country of origin

African1722

American1761

Low Dutch1774

Pennsylvania Dutch1792

Anglo-American1797

Irish-American1820

Africo-American1825

American African1826

Afro-American1831

Polish-American1850

Chinese-American1854

Italian–American1854

Russo-American1878

African American1885

Senegambian1911

Afrikan1929

Mexican-American1948

Asian American1950

Amerasian1965

Chicano1966

Anglo1968

Tejano1978

1842 N.Y. Herald 11 Feb. The store was purchased by a company, called the ‘African American Anti-Masonic Grocery Association’.

1885 Amer. Missionary Apr. 107 The idea that African-American sinners and Saxon-American sinners need a different application of the Gospel to save them is a delusion and a snare.

1925 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 10 764 (heading) Letter from J. M. Whitfield, Editor of The African-American Repository, (a colored man).

1969 N.Y. Times 5 Jan. 43/3 Albert Vann, president of the African-American Teachers Association..said that the editorial had evoked little response.

1973 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 58 117 The organization had voted previously in a mail ballot 2 to 1 to change its name to the African-American Historical Association.

1989 Los Angeles Times 14 Feb. vi. 2/2 ‘The Piano Lesson’..tells of an African-American family in 1936 that must decide whether to keep a family piano—in which the faces of their slave ancestors are carved.

2000 Oxf. Amer. May 9/1 Don't miss the oldest African-American holiday: Juneteenth is celebrated all over the South.

Compounds

African American English n. Linguistics any of various distinctive varieties of English used by African Americans; abbreviated AAE.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English

Negro English1808

Negro1884

Black English1968

Black English Vernacular1972

Ebonics1973

African American Vernacular English1991

1973 Elem. Eng. (National Council of Teachers of Eng., U.S.) Feb. 222/1 The examples [of case studies on Africa] include a study of African-American English.

1992 Eng. Today Oct. 53/1 Several European and Asian languages have separate entries but African American English has none, despite the leading contribution it has made..to..sociolinguistics.

2014 A. H. Charity Hudley & C. Mallinson We do Lang. ii. 17 African Americans regularly use African American English in many formal situations: during political speeches, in church, and at funerals, to name a few.

African American Vernacular English n. Linguistics any of various distinctive varieties of nonstandard English used by African Americans; abbreviated AAVE.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English

Negro English1808

Negro1884

Black English1968

Black English Vernacular1972

Ebonics1973

African American Vernacular English1991

1991 J. R. Rickford et al. (title of article) in Lang. Variation & Change 3 103 Rappin' on the copula coffin: Theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of copular variation in African-American Vernacular English.

1998 W. Wolfram & N. Schilling-Estes Amer. Eng. (2003) ix. 260 Our implicational analysis of copula absence reveals the relative degree of distance among current standard English, Southern Anglo American English, and African American Vernacular English.

2007 Jrnl. Adolescent & Adult Literacy 50 273/2 Rappers are unapologetic about their use of African American Vernacular English.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2022).

单词	african american
释义	African Americann.adj. Brit. /ˌafrᵻk(ə)n əˈmɛrᵻk(ə)n/, U.S. /ˌæfrəkən əˈmɛrəkən/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: African adj., American n. Etymology: < African adj. + American n. Compare earlier Africo-American n., Africo-American adj., American African n. Originally U.S. A. n. An American (esp. a North American) of African origin; a black American. Cf. Afro-American n., Americo-African adj. and n. at Americo- comb. form 2.Although both African and African American were widely used in the United States in the 19th cent., the adoption of African American as a preferred term among black Americans dates from the late 1960s and early 1970s (particularly after an April 1972 conference at which Ramona Edelin, president of the National Urban Coalition, proposed its use). The term gained widespread acceptance following its endorsement by the Reverend Jesse Jackson (b. 1941) during his presidential nomination campaign in 1988. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin American1648 African1700 High Dutch1773 Low Dutch1773 German-American1775 African American1782 Anglo-American1785 Irish-American1786 Africo-American1788 American African1826 Pennsylvania German1827 Pennsylvania Dutch1831 Afro-American1833 far-downer1834 Mexicano1847 knickerbocker1848 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1873 Polish-American1876 Polacker1883 roundhead1895 hunk1896 Polack1898 Senegambian1900 bohunk1903 honky1904 hunyak1911 Turk1914 boho1920 Anglo1923 Euro-American1925 turkey1932 narrowback1933 nisei1934 roundheader1934 pachuco1943 pocho1944 Latino1946 Chicano1947 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1952 Amerasian1957 Chicana1966 Afrikan1972 Hispanic1972 1782 ‘An African American’ Serm. on Capture Ld. Cornwallis p. iii That the ruler of the universe may crown with success the cause of freedom, and speedily relieve your bleeding country, is the hearty wish of an African American. 1835 Liberator 26 Sept. 1/5 Let Christian abolition praying societies be formed, of Americans and African Americans, every where. 1855 T. Parker Trial Theodore Parker 217 I have shown you the aim and purposes of the Slave Power—to make this vast Continent..a House of Bondage for African Americans. 1890 Amer. Missionary Dec. 386 The African-American is awakening more rapidly than ever to his needs. 1962 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 31 475 African-Americans in the making of America..[included] Crispus Attucks of Boston Massacre fame. 1979 Jrnl. Black Stud. 8 437 Belonging or acceptance in Black organizations is of particular importance to African Americans because of their exclusion from many White organizations. 1997 Sun (Baltimore) 5 Jan. f1/2 Like thousands of middle-class and middle-class-aspiring African-Americans, I was taught throughout childhood to loathe black English. 2007 New Yorker 3 Dec. 47/1 The worship pastor,..an African-American, directs this part of the service. B. adj. Often with hyphen. Designating or relating to African Americans. Cf. Afro-American adj., Americo-African adj. and n. at Americo- comb. form 2. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] > by country of origin African1722 American1761 Low Dutch1774 Pennsylvania Dutch1792 Anglo-American1797 Irish-American1820 Africo-American1825 American African1826 Afro-American1831 Polish-American1850 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1854 Russo-American1878 African American1885 Senegambian1911 Afrikan1929 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1950 Amerasian1965 Chicano1966 Anglo1968 Tejano1978 1842 N.Y. Herald 11 Feb. The store was purchased by a company, called the ‘African American Anti-Masonic Grocery Association’. 1885 Amer. Missionary Apr. 107 The idea that African-American sinners and Saxon-American sinners need a different application of the Gospel to save them is a delusion and a snare. 1925 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 10 764 (heading) Letter from J. M. Whitfield, Editor of The African-American Repository, (a colored man). 1969 N.Y. Times 5 Jan. 43/3 Albert Vann, president of the African-American Teachers Association..said that the editorial had evoked little response. 1973 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 58 117 The organization had voted previously in a mail ballot 2 to 1 to change its name to the African-American Historical Association. 1989 Los Angeles Times 14 Feb. vi. 2/2 ‘The Piano Lesson’..tells of an African-American family in 1936 that must decide whether to keep a family piano—in which the faces of their slave ancestors are carved. 2000 Oxf. Amer. May 9/1 Don't miss the oldest African-American holiday: Juneteenth is celebrated all over the South. Compounds African American English n. Linguistics any of various distinctive varieties of English used by African Americans; abbreviated AAE. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English Negro English1808 Negro1884 Black English1968 Black English Vernacular1972 Ebonics1973 African American Vernacular English1991 1973 Elem. Eng. (National Council of Teachers of Eng., U.S.) Feb. 222/1 The examples [of case studies on Africa] include a study of African-American English. 1992 Eng. Today Oct. 53/1 Several European and Asian languages have separate entries but African American English has none, despite the leading contribution it has made..to..sociolinguistics. 2014 A. H. Charity Hudley & C. Mallinson We do Lang. ii. 17 African Americans regularly use African American English in many formal situations: during political speeches, in church, and at funerals, to name a few. African American Vernacular English n. Linguistics any of various distinctive varieties of nonstandard English used by African Americans; abbreviated AAVE. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English > African American English Negro English1808 Negro1884 Black English1968 Black English Vernacular1972 Ebonics1973 African American Vernacular English1991 1991 J. R. Rickford et al. (title of article) in Lang. Variation & Change 3 103 Rappin' on the copula coffin: Theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of copular variation in African-American Vernacular English. 1998 W. Wolfram & N. Schilling-Estes Amer. Eng. (2003) ix. 260 Our implicational analysis of copula absence reveals the relative degree of distance among current standard English, Southern Anglo American English, and African American Vernacular English. 2007 Jrnl. Adolescent & Adult Literacy 50 273/2 Rappers are unapologetic about their use of African American Vernacular English. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2022). < n.adj.1782
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