civilizev.

Brit.

/ˈsɪvl̩ʌɪz/,

/ˈsɪvᵻlʌɪz/, U.S.

/ˈsɪvəˌlaɪz/

Forms: 1500s–1600s ciuillize, 1600s ciuilise, 1600s ciuilize, 1600s civillize, 1600s– civilise, 1600s– civilize, 1800s– civerlize (U.S. regional).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French civiliser, civilizer.

Etymology: < Middle French, French civiliser, †civilizer to make civil or sociable, to bring (a person, etc.) to a stage of social, moral, or intellectual development considered to be more advanced (1568 as past participial adjective), to turn (a criminal case or process) into a civil one, to bring before a civil tribunal (end of the 16th cent.) < civil civil adj. + -iser -ize suffix. Compare slightly earlier civil v.

a. transitive. To bring (a person, place, group of people, etc.) to a stage of social development considered to be more advanced, esp. by bringing to conformity with the social norms of a developed society; to enlighten, refine, and educate; to make more cultured and sophisticated. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > make civilized [verb (transitive)]

civil1584

civilize1595

reclaim1603

unbeast1611

dissavage1631

unbarbarize1648

unbrute1670

disbarbarize1803

unbrutify1812

debarbarize1823

snivelize1849

unbrutalize1852

1595 A. Copley tr. R. de Cota Loves Owle sig. B, in Wits Fittes & Fancies The plough-lob I can ciuillize, The franticke man with grace aguize.

1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 161 The ringleaders of such people..began to inuade places inhabited & ciuilized [L. habitata loca], and by force of armes..to ordaine sundrie princes.

1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxviii. sig. P6^v Wee [gave] accomplement, and ciuilizd, or ciuited..kisse the hand.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Civilizer, to ciuilize, bring to ciuilitie, make ciuill, to tame, quiet, reclaime.

1658 R. Flecknoe Enigmaticall Characters 67 Would tame fierce Lions, and civilize barbarousest Savages.

1713 J. Addison Cato i. iv To civilize the rude unpolish'd world.

1764 Wood's New-England's Prospect (ed. 3) 94 Every attempt to civilize them [sc. the Indians]..hath proved abortive.

1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus ii. 75 [The Incas] never began an offensive war with their savage neighbours; and, whenever their country was invaded, they made war, not to extirpate, but to civilize.

1805 J. Turnbull Voy. round World I. 73 It is one thing to catch, and another to civilize, a native of New South Wales.

1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iv. 219 Christianity itself has never, I think, suddenly civilized a race.

1855 Q. Rev. Sept. 414 The statesman tries to raise their social condition, the missionary sighs to enlighten their spiritual darkness. The means which all must employ are the same. If they would christianise, they must civilize.

1904 Collier's 7 May 7/3 Justifying it by the hypocritical pretence of..having a commission to civilize the earth according to the American standard.

1946 W. S. Maugham Then & Now xxxv. 254 He had done his best to form him, to show him how to behave, to civilize him in short.

1992 J. L. Esposito Islamic Threat iii. 48 The British spoke of the ‘white man's burden’ and the French of their ‘mission to civilize’.

2000 Guardian 11 Mar. (Saturday section) 10/5 This inability to recognise the Fuegians' dignity and intelligence foreordained the failure of Fitzroy's attempt to civilise them.

b. transitive. In extended use: to tame or domesticate (an animal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > tame or train

temec1000

tamec1315

faite1362

daunt1377

afaitea1393

reclaima1393

chastisec1400

makea1425

meekc1429

break1474

enter1490

train?1532

law1534

dressc1540

meeken1591

correct1594

subjugate1595

cicure1599

unwild1605

cicurate1606

mancipate1623

familiarize1634

domesticate1641

gentle1651

domesticize1656

civilize1721

educate1760

domiciliate1782

1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 64 For the Pike..as it is a Fish of Prey, it has been thought impossible to civilize it, or make it any way familiar with Mankind.

1815 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry IV. ii. xiii. 53 Congregating cattle and wild beasts, in order as you say, to civilize them, and make them members of society.

1891 E. L. Brynner Chase of Meteor iii. 58 We were going to civilize that crow and give him the advantage of an education.

1936 Times 27 Mar. 15/5 Mussolini's ancestors, it is true, used weasels to civilize their mice.

2002 Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. (Suppl.) 16 You cannot entirely civilise a cat.

c. intransitive. To become (more) civilized. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > become civilized [verb (intransitive)]

civilize1749

disbarbarize1805

1749 H. Walpole Let. 18 May in Corr. with G. Montagu (1941) I. 84 He never..asked them to sit. Rigby..and Bathurst..pulled themselves chairs, on which he civilized.

1868 W. R. Greg Lit. & Social Judgm. 410 If they [sc. negroes] are to civilize..they must work either at a trade..or on their own grounds.

1879 B. Frere Let. 29 Jan. in J. Martineau Life & Corr. (1895) II. xix. 278 If not bred up as wolves, they are an easily managed people, and will rapidly improve and civilize if treated as our Cape Fingoes have been.

1905 W. E. Geil Yankee in Pigmy Land 285 But I believe that although they have no sharp frosty air to quicken their sluggish blood, they will civilize and Christianize rapidly.

a. transitive. To make (a thing) less crude, coarse, or rough; to make more sophisticated; to refine or polish (manners, traits, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine

slick1340

filec1400

polishc1400

burnish1526

polite1535

extirpate1548

purify1548

soften1579

purgea1582

refine1592

mellow1593

civilize1596

rarefy1600

incivilize1603

sublimate1624

alembicate1627

chastise1627

sublime1631

calcine1635

gentilize1635

ennoble1636

subtilize1638

deconcoct1655

sublimizea1729

smooth1762

absterge1817

decrassify1855

sandpaper1890

1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 39 The others conscientiall-content Doth feast his Fates, and ciuillize their rage.

1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East i. ii. sig. C2^v I..ciuilize Their barbarous natures.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 124 If I can civilize his rudenesse by my sword.

1653 T. Urquhart Logopandecteision iv. 62 It is a bad acquital we give the ancients of great Literature, for their pains taking to civilize our manners, and instruct our minds in all the choicest, and most researched mysteries of Learning..to twit them with the name of Devils, fiends, and infernal spirits.

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. ii. 34 Thomas Cromwell was Son of a Black-Smith..a Private School civiliz'd his Parts.

1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 21 June (1932) (modernized text) III. 1171 Your exercises of riding, fencing, and dancing, will civilize and fashion your body and your limbs.

1844 Monthly Rev. Mar. 415 He instructed them in ethics, in order to civilize their manners.

1889 J. R. Lowell Let. 11 Sept. (1893) II. 381 American weather, except for the haze which softens and civilizes..all it touches.

1967 Yale Law Jrnl. 77 159 The rule of law, however imperfect, does tend to civilize behavior and force it into more rational patterns in a schizophrenic and cruel world.

1992 S. Heyvaert tr. A. Berman Experience of Foreign Introd. 17 The Romans, who also ‘civilized’ their language by an immense effort of translation.

2002 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Press (Nexis) 18 July 18 The boy has no mother to assuage his nightmares, to civilize his manners, to comfort him.

b. transitive. To do away with (an abstract thing, esp. a character trait) by a process of civilization.

ΚΠ

1752 R. Parrott Refl. Arts & Commerce 72 Vices themselves are civilized and refined away by Politeness.

1818 R. Bright Trav. from Vienna through Lower Hungary iv. 134 We may civilize and refine away our feelings till the simple dictates of nature are completely yielded up.

1856 Eclectic Mag. Dec. 520/2 Much of the formality, and at the same time much of the coarseness, of an older stage of Scottish life, had been civilized away.

1909 H. Caine White Prophet i. xv. 78 I liked my first sight of Ishmael Ameer, and..I saw in him some of the barbarous virtues we have civilised away.

1925 A. Nairne in E. H. Carter New Past iv. 71 Death at any rate can never be civilized away.

2006 U. Beck in J.-P. Voss et al. Reflexive Governance for Sustainable Devel. ii. 51 We should never..think that the contradictions, crises and indirect consequences of our second modernity could ever possibly be entirely, and on a global scale, 'civilized away'.

†a. intransitive. To conduct oneself in a manner appropriate to the norms of civilized society; to behave decently. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > behave well [verb (intransitive)] > behave with propriety

civilize1606

to walk a chalk-line1855

to keep the party clean1955

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 92 I Civilize, least that I seeme Obscœne.

1861 A. Hayward Autobiogr., Lett. & Lit. Remains Mrs. Piozzi Introd. 48 He always ‘civilized’ to Dr. Burney.

b. intransitive. U.S. regional. To smarten up one's appearance. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1908 W. J. Lampton Jedge Waxem's Pocket-bk. Politics 29 Uncle Sam may ware one gallus and a hickory shirt at home, but when he goes into furrin parts he has got to civilize up a bit.

1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 442 We would civilize up a bit when we went to a dance, that is, we would take off our spurs and tie a clean red handkerchief around our neck.

†4. transitive. To subject to civil order; to subdue, pacify. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subject to > civil authority

civilize1624

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 147 It is more easie to ciuilize them by conquest then faire meanes.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 77 The King of Spain did not allow Troops sufficient to civilize and reduce them.

†5. transitive. Theology. To make civil (civil adj. 16); to make moral or good by following a secular moral code. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [verb (transitive)] > make virtuous but unregenerate

civilizea1640

a1640 W. Fenner 3 Serm. (1648) 57 He doth not say civilize your members; many there be that civilize their earthlie members.

†6. transitive. To make lawful or proper in a civil community. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > legalize

leala1375

legitimate1596

civilize1643

legitimize1646

justify1651

legalize1652

legitimatize1693

decriminalize1972

1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 31 With an ignominious note of civilizing adultery.

†7. transitive. Law. To turn (a criminal case or process) into a civil one. Cf. civil adj. 12, civilization n. 2. Obsolete. rare.Only recorded in 19th cent. dictionaries, in which the term is marked obsolete.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) I. Civilize, to make subject to a civil instead of a criminal process.

1882 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. II. i. 246/3 Civilize, to render a criminal process civil, by turning an information into an inquest, or the contrary.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	civilize
释义	civilizev. Brit. /ˈsɪvl̩ʌɪz/, /ˈsɪvᵻlʌɪz/, U.S. /ˈsɪvəˌlaɪz/ Forms: 1500s–1600s ciuillize, 1600s ciuilise, 1600s ciuilize, 1600s civillize, 1600s– civilise, 1600s– civilize, 1800s– civerlize (U.S. regional). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French civiliser, civilizer. Etymology: < Middle French, French civiliser, †civilizer to make civil or sociable, to bring (a person, etc.) to a stage of social, moral, or intellectual development considered to be more advanced (1568 as past participial adjective), to turn (a criminal case or process) into a civil one, to bring before a civil tribunal (end of the 16th cent.) < civil civil adj. + -iser -ize suffix. Compare slightly earlier civil v. 1. a. transitive. To bring (a person, place, group of people, etc.) to a stage of social development considered to be more advanced, esp. by bringing to conformity with the social norms of a developed society; to enlighten, refine, and educate; to make more cultured and sophisticated. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > make civilized [verb (transitive)] civil1584 civilize1595 reclaim1603 unbeast1611 dissavage1631 unbarbarize1648 unbrute1670 disbarbarize1803 unbrutify1812 debarbarize1823 snivelize1849 unbrutalize1852 1595 A. Copley tr. R. de Cota Loves Owle sig. B, in Wits Fittes & Fancies The plough-lob I can ciuillize, The franticke man with grace aguize. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 161 The ringleaders of such people..began to inuade places inhabited & ciuilized [L. habitata loca], and by force of armes..to ordaine sundrie princes. 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xxviii. sig. P6^v Wee [gave] accomplement, and ciuilizd, or ciuited..kisse the hand. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Civilizer, to ciuilize, bring to ciuilitie, make ciuill, to tame, quiet, reclaime. 1658 R. Flecknoe Enigmaticall Characters 67 Would tame fierce Lions, and civilize barbarousest Savages. 1713 J. Addison Cato i. iv To civilize the rude unpolish'd world. 1764 Wood's New-England's Prospect (ed. 3) 94 Every attempt to civilize them [sc. the Indians]..hath proved abortive. 1787 J. Barlow Vision of Columbus ii. 75 [The Incas] never began an offensive war with their savage neighbours; and, whenever their country was invaded, they made war, not to extirpate, but to civilize. 1805 J. Turnbull Voy. round World I. 73 It is one thing to catch, and another to civilize, a native of New South Wales. 1854 J. H. Newman Lect. Hist. Turks iv. 219 Christianity itself has never, I think, suddenly civilized a race. 1855 Q. Rev. Sept. 414 The statesman tries to raise their social condition, the missionary sighs to enlighten their spiritual darkness. The means which all must employ are the same. If they would christianise, they must civilize. 1904 Collier's 7 May 7/3 Justifying it by the hypocritical pretence of..having a commission to civilize the earth according to the American standard. 1946 W. S. Maugham Then & Now xxxv. 254 He had done his best to form him, to show him how to behave, to civilize him in short. 1992 J. L. Esposito Islamic Threat iii. 48 The British spoke of the ‘white man's burden’ and the French of their ‘mission to civilize’. 2000 Guardian 11 Mar. (Saturday section) 10/5 This inability to recognise the Fuegians' dignity and intelligence foreordained the failure of Fitzroy's attempt to civilise them. b. transitive. In extended use: to tame or domesticate (an animal). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > tame or train temec1000 tamec1315 faite1362 daunt1377 afaitea1393 reclaima1393 chastisec1400 makea1425 meekc1429 break1474 enter1490 train?1532 law1534 dressc1540 meeken1591 correct1594 subjugate1595 cicure1599 unwild1605 cicurate1606 mancipate1623 familiarize1634 domesticate1641 gentle1651 domesticize1656 civilize1721 educate1760 domiciliate1782 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 64 For the Pike..as it is a Fish of Prey, it has been thought impossible to civilize it, or make it any way familiar with Mankind. 1815 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry IV. ii. xiii. 53 Congregating cattle and wild beasts, in order as you say, to civilize them, and make them members of society. 1891 E. L. Brynner Chase of Meteor iii. 58 We were going to civilize that crow and give him the advantage of an education. 1936 Times 27 Mar. 15/5 Mussolini's ancestors, it is true, used weasels to civilize their mice. 2002 Times (Nexis) 24 Dec. (Suppl.) 16 You cannot entirely civilise a cat. c. intransitive. To become (more) civilized. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > become civilized [verb (intransitive)] civilize1749 disbarbarize1805 1749 H. Walpole Let. 18 May in Corr. with G. Montagu (1941) I. 84 He never..asked them to sit. Rigby..and Bathurst..pulled themselves chairs, on which he civilized. 1868 W. R. Greg Lit. & Social Judgm. 410 If they [sc. negroes] are to civilize..they must work either at a trade..or on their own grounds. 1879 B. Frere Let. 29 Jan. in J. Martineau Life & Corr. (1895) II. xix. 278 If not bred up as wolves, they are an easily managed people, and will rapidly improve and civilize if treated as our Cape Fingoes have been. 1905 W. E. Geil Yankee in Pigmy Land 285 But I believe that although they have no sharp frosty air to quicken their sluggish blood, they will civilize and Christianize rapidly. 2. a. transitive. To make (a thing) less crude, coarse, or rough; to make more sophisticated; to refine or polish (manners, traits, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [verb (transitive)] > purify or refine slick1340 filec1400 polishc1400 burnish1526 polite1535 extirpate1548 purify1548 soften1579 purgea1582 refine1592 mellow1593 civilize1596 rarefy1600 incivilize1603 sublimate1624 alembicate1627 chastise1627 sublime1631 calcine1635 gentilize1635 ennoble1636 subtilize1638 deconcoct1655 sublimizea1729 smooth1762 absterge1817 decrassify1855 sandpaper1890 1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 39 The others conscientiall-content Doth feast his Fates, and ciuillize their rage. 1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East i. ii. sig. C2^v I..ciuilize Their barbarous natures. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xix. 124 If I can civilize his rudenesse by my sword. 1653 T. Urquhart Logopandecteision iv. 62 It is a bad acquital we give the ancients of great Literature, for their pains taking to civilize our manners, and instruct our minds in all the choicest, and most researched mysteries of Learning..to twit them with the name of Devils, fiends, and infernal spirits. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. ii. 34 Thomas Cromwell was Son of a Black-Smith..a Private School civiliz'd his Parts. 1748 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 21 June (1932) (modernized text) III. 1171 Your exercises of riding, fencing, and dancing, will civilize and fashion your body and your limbs. 1844 Monthly Rev. Mar. 415 He instructed them in ethics, in order to civilize their manners. 1889 J. R. Lowell Let. 11 Sept. (1893) II. 381 American weather, except for the haze which softens and civilizes..all it touches. 1967 Yale Law Jrnl. 77 159 The rule of law, however imperfect, does tend to civilize behavior and force it into more rational patterns in a schizophrenic and cruel world. 1992 S. Heyvaert tr. A. Berman Experience of Foreign Introd. 17 The Romans, who also ‘civilized’ their language by an immense effort of translation. 2002 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Press (Nexis) 18 July 18 The boy has no mother to assuage his nightmares, to civilize his manners, to comfort him. b. transitive. To do away with (an abstract thing, esp. a character trait) by a process of civilization. ΚΠ 1752 R. Parrott Refl. Arts & Commerce 72 Vices themselves are civilized and refined away by Politeness. 1818 R. Bright Trav. from Vienna through Lower Hungary iv. 134 We may civilize and refine away our feelings till the simple dictates of nature are completely yielded up. 1856 Eclectic Mag. Dec. 520/2 Much of the formality, and at the same time much of the coarseness, of an older stage of Scottish life, had been civilized away. 1909 H. Caine White Prophet i. xv. 78 I liked my first sight of Ishmael Ameer, and..I saw in him some of the barbarous virtues we have civilised away. 1925 A. Nairne in E. H. Carter New Past iv. 71 Death at any rate can never be civilized away. 2006 U. Beck in J.-P. Voss et al. Reflexive Governance for Sustainable Devel. ii. 51 We should never..think that the contradictions, crises and indirect consequences of our second modernity could ever possibly be entirely, and on a global scale, 'civilized away'. 3. †a. intransitive. To conduct oneself in a manner appropriate to the norms of civilized society; to behave decently. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > behave well [verb (intransitive)] > behave with propriety civilize1606 to walk a chalk-line1855 to keep the party clean1955 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 92 I Civilize, least that I seeme Obscœne. 1861 A. Hayward Autobiogr., Lett. & Lit. Remains Mrs. Piozzi Introd. 48 He always ‘civilized’ to Dr. Burney. b. intransitive. U.S. regional. To smarten up one's appearance. Now rare. ΚΠ 1908 W. J. Lampton Jedge Waxem's Pocket-bk. Politics 29 Uncle Sam may ware one gallus and a hickory shirt at home, but when he goes into furrin parts he has got to civilize up a bit. 1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 442 We would civilize up a bit when we went to a dance, that is, we would take off our spurs and tie a clean red handkerchief around our neck. †4. transitive. To subject to civil order; to subdue, pacify. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] > make subject to > civil authority civilize1624 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 147 It is more easie to ciuilize them by conquest then faire meanes. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 77 The King of Spain did not allow Troops sufficient to civilize and reduce them. †5. transitive. Theology. To make civil (civil adj. 16); to make moral or good by following a secular moral code. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [verb (transitive)] > make virtuous but unregenerate civilizea1640 a1640 W. Fenner 3 Serm. (1648) 57 He doth not say civilize your members; many there be that civilize their earthlie members. †6. transitive. To make lawful or proper in a civil community. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [verb (transitive)] > legalize leala1375 legitimate1596 civilize1643 legitimize1646 justify1651 legalize1652 legitimatize1693 decriminalize1972 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 31 With an ignominious note of civilizing adultery. †7. transitive. Law. To turn (a criminal case or process) into a civil one. Cf. civil adj. 12, civilization n. 2. Obsolete. rare.Only recorded in 19th cent. dictionaries, in which the term is marked obsolete.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) I. Civilize, to make subject to a civil instead of a criminal process. 1882 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. II. i. 246/3 Civilize, to render a criminal process civil, by turning an information into an inquest, or the contrary. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1595
随便看	counter-migration counter-mission counter-motion counter-motive converters convertibilities convertibility convertible convertible husbandry convertible land convertible mark convertible marka convertibleness convertiblenesses convertibles convertibly convertile convertine converting convertingness convertiplane convertiplanes convertise convertism convertist