Afrikanern.adj.

Brit.

/ˌafrᵻˈkɑːnə/, U.S.

/ˌæfrəˈkɑnər/, South African English

/ʌfrəˈkɑːnə/

Forms: 1800s– Africaaner, 1800s– Africaner, 1800s– Afrikaaner, 1800s– Afrikaner.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Etymons: Dutch Africaaner; Afrikaans Afrikaner.

Etymology: < (i) South African Dutch Africaaner, Afrikaaner, and its reflex (ii) Afrikaans Afrikaner Dutch-speaking (and in later use also Afrikaans-speaking) white inhabitant of South Africa (1707 as Africaander ), any of various South African flowers belonging to species of the genus Gladiolus (although this sense is apparently attested later than in English: 1827 or earlier; see further below), South African breed of cattle (1908), extended use of Dutch Afrikaner , †Africaner inhabitant or native of Africa (late 16th cent. or earlier) < Afrika , †Africa , the name of the continent (see African n. and adj.) + -aner -an suffix. Compare later Afrikander n. and (with the use as adjective) Afrikander adj. G. J. van Wyk Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans (2003) at afrikaner n.³ considers South African Dutch Afrikaaner ‘Gladiolus’ an extended use of Dutch regional (Flanders) afrikaander black-eyed Susan ( Tagetes), but if so, the semantic motivation is unclear, since the two flowers are quite different from each other in appearance. Dutch regional (Flanders) afrikaander is an alteration (after Hollander Hollander n.) of †affrican (1659; now afrikaan ), denoting the flower. Tagetes is so called because it was mistakenly believed to have been introduced to Europe at the time of Emperor Charles V's expedition to Tunis in 1535. Compare post-classical Latin flos africanus (1554 in Dodoens Cruydt-boeck xxv. f. ccxvii, or earlier), early modern Dutch africaensche goutbloeme (1608 in a later edition of Dodoens), and African marigold at marigold n. 1b; also Dutch afrikaanbloem (1721), afrikaane (1778).

A. n.

1. Any of several South African plants of the genus Gladiolus (family Iridaceae). Cf. Afrikander n. 3.Chiefly with distinguishing word denoting the colour of the flowers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > gladioli or freesia

gladiolec1420

corn-flag1578

corn-sedge1597

lily-grass1597

sword-grass1598

petty gladdon1601

sword-lily1786

Afrikaner1801

freesia1879

kalkoentjie1906

painted lady1906

Afrikander1913

glad1923

1801 J. Barrow Acc. Trav. Interior S. Afr. i. 25 The Gladiolus, which is here called Africaner, is uncommonly beautiful with its tall waving spike of striped flowers, and has also a fragrant smell.

1950 R. S. Adamson & T. M. Salter Flora Cape Penin. 263 H[omoglossum] Watsonium..Red Afrikaner.

1959 Cape Times 7 Sept. 2/6 Of the gladioli, the brown Afrikaners attracted most attention.

2006 S. Wolfart Southern Tip Afr. 62 The Large Brown Afrikaner Gladiolus liliaceus..is usually found on heavy clay soils of the renosterveld.

2. A Dutch-speaking or (later) Afrikaans-speaking white inhabitant of South Africa, usually of Dutch, German, or Huguenot descent; also occasionally applied to any white citizen of South Africa. Cf. Afrikander n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner

Hollander1699

Afrikaner1820

Afrikander1822

Cape Dutch1826

trek Boer1835

Low Dutch1900

trek-farmer1912

Boer1956

boertjie1956

1820 T. Philipps Let. 7 June in A. Keppel-Jones & T. Gutsche Philipps, 1820 Settler (1960) 57 I could not help reflecting on the characters of the Africaners (as they call themselves, distinguishing those who come from even any part of Europe as Vaderlandvolk or Fatherland People).

1824 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. II. Index 619/2 Africaánders, or Afrikaáners.

1842 J. Tindall Jrnl. 14 May (1959) 32 The Afrikaners reside 9 days northward of Nosasanabis.

1899 F. P. Noble Redempt. Afr. II. xix. 648 He tamed the redoubtable Afrikaner.

1905 R. Fenton Peculiar People p. vi As General Piet Joubert said to me one day: ‘We are Afrikaaners, not Dutchmen.’

1926 S. G. Millin S. Africans vi. ii. 157 The South African of Dutch descent whom one loosely and inappropriately speaks of as a Dutchman, but who prefers to define himself as an Afrikaner.

1937 W. K. Hancock Surv. Brit. Commonw. Affairs i. 269 By struggle the French Canadians and the Afrikaners won from the British respect for their individual ways of life.

1952 L. Marquard Peoples & Policies S. Afr. iii. 65 In this book Afrikaner is used to mean a South African of European extraction whose mother-tongue is Afrikaans.

1999 SAPA Newswire (Nexis) 28 July Mbeki still seemed to hope that the Afrikaners' urge to maintain an own identity would be voluntarily sacrificed in favour of assimilation.

3. = Afrikander n. 2. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > of Africa

Sanga1814

Afrikander1837

Afrikaner1918

Boran1935

N'Dama1938

1918 Official Year Bk. S. Afr. 386 There was created a distinct type [of cattle] which came to be known as the Afrikaner.

1939 Nature 11 Nov. 819/1 Zootechnical studies on Afrikaner, imported, and grade cattle.

1986 E. A. Voigt in Goodwin Series (S. Afr. Archaeol. Soc.) 5 16/2 It has been suggested that the two breeds, Sanga and Afrikaner, may have cultural connotations.

2005 P. J. H. Petter-Bowyer Winds Destr. i. 22/1 Apart from running big herds of Afrikaner and Red Poll cattle, large quantities of tobacco were grown and cured.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or characteristic of Afrikaans-speaking people.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [adjective] > Afrikaner

Dutch1731

Afrikander1822

Afrikaans1914

Afrikaner1930

1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 June 525/2 The Afrikaaner attitude towards the British Empire.

1958 Observer 20 Apr. 4/5 In the South African general election the Nationalists..have set the Afrikaner nation upon a dominating rock.

1960 H. Carter First Person Rural (1963) xvii. 161 Yards of homemade boerwors, the spiced beef and pork sausage without which no Afrikaner breakfast is complete.

1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) i. 94 At the airport, my Afrikaner father said, ‘You have given nothing to this country. You have just taken, and now you are running away.’

2005 S. Frankental & O. B. Sichone S. Afr.'s Diverse Peoples vii. 212 As..apartheid withered away..the AWB swore that they would fight to preserve the Afrikaner nation.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	afrikaner
释义	Afrikanern.adj. Brit. /ˌafrᵻˈkɑːnə/, U.S. /ˌæfrəˈkɑnər/, South African English /ʌfrəˈkɑːnə/ Forms: 1800s– Africaaner, 1800s– Africaner, 1800s– Afrikaaner, 1800s– Afrikaner. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Dutch. Partly a borrowing from Afrikaans. Etymons: Dutch Africaaner; Afrikaans Afrikaner. Etymology: < (i) South African Dutch Africaaner, Afrikaaner, and its reflex (ii) Afrikaans Afrikaner Dutch-speaking (and in later use also Afrikaans-speaking) white inhabitant of South Africa (1707 as Africaander ), any of various South African flowers belonging to species of the genus Gladiolus (although this sense is apparently attested later than in English: 1827 or earlier; see further below), South African breed of cattle (1908), extended use of Dutch Afrikaner , †Africaner inhabitant or native of Africa (late 16th cent. or earlier) < Afrika , †Africa , the name of the continent (see African n. and adj.) + -aner -an suffix. Compare later Afrikander n. and (with the use as adjective) Afrikander adj. G. J. van Wyk Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans (2003) at afrikaner n.³ considers South African Dutch Afrikaaner ‘Gladiolus’ an extended use of Dutch regional (Flanders) afrikaander black-eyed Susan ( Tagetes), but if so, the semantic motivation is unclear, since the two flowers are quite different from each other in appearance. Dutch regional (Flanders) afrikaander is an alteration (after Hollander Hollander n.) of †affrican (1659; now afrikaan ), denoting the flower. Tagetes is so called because it was mistakenly believed to have been introduced to Europe at the time of Emperor Charles V's expedition to Tunis in 1535. Compare post-classical Latin flos africanus (1554 in Dodoens Cruydt-boeck xxv. f. ccxvii, or earlier), early modern Dutch africaensche goutbloeme (1608 in a later edition of Dodoens), and African marigold at marigold n. 1b; also Dutch afrikaanbloem (1721), afrikaane (1778). A. n. 1. Any of several South African plants of the genus Gladiolus (family Iridaceae). Cf. Afrikander n. 3.Chiefly with distinguishing word denoting the colour of the flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > gladioli or freesia gladiolec1420 corn-flag1578 corn-sedge1597 lily-grass1597 sword-grass1598 petty gladdon1601 sword-lily1786 Afrikaner1801 freesia1879 kalkoentjie1906 painted lady1906 Afrikander1913 glad1923 1801 J. Barrow Acc. Trav. Interior S. Afr. i. 25 The Gladiolus, which is here called Africaner, is uncommonly beautiful with its tall waving spike of striped flowers, and has also a fragrant smell. 1950 R. S. Adamson & T. M. Salter Flora Cape Penin. 263 H[omoglossum] Watsonium..Red Afrikaner. 1959 Cape Times 7 Sept. 2/6 Of the gladioli, the brown Afrikaners attracted most attention. 2006 S. Wolfart Southern Tip Afr. 62 The Large Brown Afrikaner Gladiolus liliaceus..is usually found on heavy clay soils of the renosterveld. 2. A Dutch-speaking or (later) Afrikaans-speaking white inhabitant of South Africa, usually of Dutch, German, or Huguenot descent; also occasionally applied to any white citizen of South Africa. Cf. Afrikander n. and adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner Hollander1699 Afrikaner1820 Afrikander1822 Cape Dutch1826 trek Boer1835 Low Dutch1900 trek-farmer1912 Boer1956 boertjie1956 1820 T. Philipps Let. 7 June in A. Keppel-Jones & T. Gutsche Philipps, 1820 Settler (1960) 57 I could not help reflecting on the characters of the Africaners (as they call themselves, distinguishing those who come from even any part of Europe as Vaderlandvolk or Fatherland People). 1824 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. II. Index 619/2 Africaánders, or Afrikaáners. 1842 J. Tindall Jrnl. 14 May (1959) 32 The Afrikaners reside 9 days northward of Nosasanabis. 1899 F. P. Noble Redempt. Afr. II. xix. 648 He tamed the redoubtable Afrikaner. 1905 R. Fenton Peculiar People p. vi As General Piet Joubert said to me one day: ‘We are Afrikaaners, not Dutchmen.’ 1926 S. G. Millin S. Africans vi. ii. 157 The South African of Dutch descent whom one loosely and inappropriately speaks of as a Dutchman, but who prefers to define himself as an Afrikaner. 1937 W. K. Hancock Surv. Brit. Commonw. Affairs i. 269 By struggle the French Canadians and the Afrikaners won from the British respect for their individual ways of life. 1952 L. Marquard Peoples & Policies S. Afr. iii. 65 In this book Afrikaner is used to mean a South African of European extraction whose mother-tongue is Afrikaans. 1999 SAPA Newswire (Nexis) 28 July Mbeki still seemed to hope that the Afrikaners' urge to maintain an own identity would be voluntarily sacrificed in favour of assimilation. 3. = Afrikander n. 2. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > of Africa Sanga1814 Afrikander1837 Afrikaner1918 Boran1935 N'Dama1938 1918 Official Year Bk. S. Afr. 386 There was created a distinct type [of cattle] which came to be known as the Afrikaner. 1939 Nature 11 Nov. 819/1 Zootechnical studies on Afrikaner, imported, and grade cattle. 1986 E. A. Voigt in Goodwin Series (S. Afr. Archaeol. Soc.) 5 16/2 It has been suggested that the two breeds, Sanga and Afrikaner, may have cultural connotations. 2005 P. J. H. Petter-Bowyer Winds Destr. i. 22/1 Apart from running big herds of Afrikaner and Red Poll cattle, large quantities of tobacco were grown and cured. B. adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Afrikaans-speaking people. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [adjective] > Afrikaner Dutch1731 Afrikander1822 Afrikaans1914 Afrikaner1930 1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 June 525/2 The Afrikaaner attitude towards the British Empire. 1958 Observer 20 Apr. 4/5 In the South African general election the Nationalists..have set the Afrikaner nation upon a dominating rock. 1960 H. Carter First Person Rural (1963) xvii. 161 Yards of homemade boerwors, the spiced beef and pork sausage without which no Afrikaner breakfast is complete. 1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) i. 94 At the airport, my Afrikaner father said, ‘You have given nothing to this country. You have just taken, and now you are running away.’ 2005 S. Frankental & O. B. Sichone S. Afr.'s Diverse Peoples vii. 212 As..apartheid withered away..the AWB swore that they would fight to preserve the Afrikaner nation. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1801
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