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单词 clunch
释义

clunchn.

/klʌnʃ/
Forms: Also 1600s clunche, clounch.
Etymology: Probably noun use of clunch adj.; in several senses it corresponds to Low German klunt, and possibly to a lost English noun of that form. But the analogy of bump, bunch, hump, hunch, suggests a similar relation of clump, clunch.
1. A lump, a heavy and unshapely mass.(Known only in modern dialect, but probably of considerable age.) [So East Frisian klunt.]
ΚΠ
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Clunch, a lump. ‘He's got a clunch of snow on his boot.’
2. A lumpish fellow, a clown, boor, lout. Cf. clod n., clot n. Obsolete exc. dialect. [So East Frisian klunt.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > lout or boor > [noun]
carter1509
clumpertonc1534
club1542
pig1546
lout1548
clinchpoop1555
clout-shoe1563
loose-breech1575
hoyden1593
clunch1602
clod1607
camel1609
clusterfist1611
loon1619
Grobian1621
clota1637
hoyde1636
Hottentot1710
yahoo1726
polisson1866
mucker1884
bohunk1908
hairy ape1931
cafone1949
trog1956
oafo1959
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > unrefined manners or behaviour > person
bearc1395
carter1509
kensy?a1513
clumpertonc1534
club1542
lout1548
clinchpoop1555
clout-shoe1563
loose-breech1575
clown1583
hoyden1593
boor1598
kill-courtesy1600
rustic1600
clunch1602
loblolly1604
camel1609
clusterfist1611
loon1619
Grobian1621
rough diamonda1625
hoyde1636
clodhopper1699
roughhead1726
indelicate1741
vulgarian1809
snob1838
vulgarist1847
yahoo1861
cave-dweller1865
polisson1866
mucker1884
caveman1907
wampus1912
yobbo1922
yenta1923
yob1927
rude1946
cafone1949
no-neck1961
ocker1971
1602 in J. Manningham Diary 30 Jan. (1976) 171 Howe like a clowne, a clunche, an asse, he aunsweres.
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xv. 71 A very clounch, and bacon-slicer of Brene.
a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 414 These rascals, scorned and sleighted by every tatter'd Clunch.
1875 Lanc. Gloss. Clunch, a clod~hopper or boor.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Clunch, a heavy stupid person or animal.
3. A (clumsy) hand, ‘fist’. Obsolete. [? Influenced by clutch n.1, or by clench n. (see clunch v.); but cf. East Frisian klunt a clumsy, clodhopping foot.] ]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > extremities > hand > [noun] > types of
pawa1450
talons1594
mutton-fist1664
clunch1709
baby hand1763
needle-hand1827
1709 W. King Art of Love (new ed.) v Others try her greasy Clunches With stoning Currants in whole Bunches.
4. A name given locally to various stiff clays; esp. an indurated clay of the coal-measures.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > in coal measures
clunch1686
soap-scale1704
sill1774
poundstone1799
clunch-clay1815
blond-metal1831
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 131 Upon the surface they meet first with earth and stone, 2. blew clunch.
1712 F. Bellers in Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 541 A Blewish hard Clay; the Miners call it Clunch. This is one of the certain Signs of Coal.
1816 W. Smith Strata Identified 21 Hard clay rising in lumps, called Clunch.
5. A soft white limestone forming the lower and harder beds of the chalk, occasionally used for building purposes, esp. internal carved work.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > clunch
clunch-lime1793
clunch1823
1823 J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth III. 76 (note) Carved in clunch or soft stone.
1844 D. T. Ansted Geol. II. 455 Like other kinds of clunch (as the lower chalk is sometimes called), this bed forms an easily cut and a very useful material for certain kinds of internal decorative work.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 188 The western portal..owing to the friable clunch of which it is constructed, has lost the greater part of its decorations.

Compounds

clunch-clay n. = 4; also the Oxford clay.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > in coal measures
clunch1686
soap-scale1704
sill1774
poundstone1799
clunch-clay1815
blond-metal1831
1815 W. Smith Mem. to Map Strata Eng. & Wales 19 In the vale of Blackmore..the clunch clay..from the base of the Chalk hills to the edge of the Cornbrash limestone.
1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. i. 93 A bed of clay, called clunch clay and Oxford clay, separates the lower oolites from the middle oolites.
clunch-lime n. = 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > clunch
clunch-lime1793
clunch1823
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §210 What is called near Lewis in Sussex, the Clunch Lime..a species of chalk.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

clunchadj.

Etymology: Clunch adjective and noun are immediately connected: earlier quotations have actually been found for the noun, but its various senses appear to arise more naturally from that of the adjective. The Low German klunt , Dutch klont ‘lump, clod, heavy and awkward mass, clown’, etc., which is explained etymologically as a nasalized derivative of the root which gave cleat , clot , clout (Old Germanic *klunt- , < klut -), must apparently have formerly been used in the same sense in English (where it still lingers dialectally in restricted use: see below), as is evidenced by numerous derivatives, clunter n., etc. An adjective *cluntisc, cluntish ‘of the nature of a lump, lumpy, lumpish, loutish’ (compare Cheshire Gloss. 1866, cluntish rough-spoken, uncivil), may possibly have been contracted to clunch (compare Frencisc, French, Scottish, Scotch). The close phonetic relation of clunch and clumse, together with overlapping of meanings seems to have resulted in the frequent treatment of the two as synonymous.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
1. Lumpy, lumpish; heavy and stiff, or close, as clay or pudding; thickset, ‘chunky,’ in figure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [adjective] > stiff or thick
standingc1400
chargeantc1425
woolly1687
clunch1776
stodgya1852
the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [adjective] > and broad
short shoulderedc1405
bunting1584
squaddy1593
chubby1611
truncheon1611
squat1630
squabbish1666
truss1674
squab1675
squad1675
stocky1676
punch1679
trunch1683
squat1688
stub1711
fodgel1724
thick-set1724
puddy1747
chunky1749
dumpy1750
squabby1754
knurly1758
clunch1776
trunchy1778
fubsy1780
punchy1780
humpty-dumpty1785
trunched1787
pudgy1788
fubby1790
runty1807
squattish1809
roly-poly1818
stumpy1822
hoddy-doddy1824
spuddya1825
hodmandod1825
stubby1831
podgy1832
fubsical1834
dumpty1847
fatling1847
stuggy1847
nuggety1856
cloddy1876
blocky1879
chumpy188.
cobby1883
squidgy1891
stockish1913
pyknic1925
humpisha1935
1776 C. Anstey Election Ball 23 In Pudding there's zomething zo clumsy and clunch.
1777 F. Burney Jrnls. in Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 275 She is..fat, clumsy, clunch, and heavy.
1787 F. Burney Diary 13 July (1842) III. 397 I found him [sc. Dr. Beattie] pleasant..with a round, thick, clunch figure, that promises nothing either of his works or his discourse.
2. dialect. (See quot.) Cf. clumse adj., clumsed adj. 4.
ΚΠ
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Clunch: 1. Close, hot, cloudy (of the weather): 2. sullen, morose.
1889 Nottingham dial. Clunch, morose, sulky.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

clunchv.

Etymology: By-form of clench v.1 (or mixture of clench and clutch).
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. = clench v.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (intransitive)] > clench
clunch1628
clinch1652
clench1843
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xxi. sig. E2 His fist is cluncht with the habite of disputing.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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n.1602adj.1776v.1628
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更新时间:2025/1/11 1:04:53