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单词 closer
释义

closern.1

Forms: Also Middle English closere, 1500s closyer, 1500s–1600s closier.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman closere = Old French closiere ‘enclosed place’ < late Latin clausāria (see Du Cange), < clausus closed, shut.
Obsolete.
1. An enclosed space or place; a closet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place
lockOE
close1297
cloisterc1300
purseynta1325
clausurea1398
closinga1398
closera1400
blokc1400
procinct1422
parclosea1470
enterclose1480
enclose1483
closure1496
sept1548
enclosure1552
shut1605
cincture1627
precinct1774
encincture1849
zariba1885
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > private or inner room
bowerc1000
chamber?c1225
privy chambera1382
closeta1387
closera1400
conclavea1400
wardrobea1400
cell?1440
garderobe?c1450
retreatc1500
parlour1561
cabinet1565
cabin1594
in-room?1615
recamera1622
sanctum sanctorum1707
adytum1800
snuggery1812
sulking-room1816
sanctum1819
anderoon1840
inner sanctum1843
thalamus1850
growlery1853
a1400–50 Alexander 5250 Candace..changid hire wedis; And cam doun of hire closere.
c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) vi Joseph..made hem a closer and a crachche for here beestes.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/1 Closyer, clos.
2. That which encloses, an enclosing wall or barrier; the cover of a book. [Apparently confused with closure n., Old French closure in this sense.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > that which encloses
closurec1386
shrinea1400
closerc1440
clausurea1464
sepiment1660
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 83 Closere [Pynson, closure] of bokys, or oþer lyke, clausura, coopertorium.
1445 W. Clebe Petit. Henry VI in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 79 With closer of brike toured aboute your gardein.
1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1844) 123 The byll..is in the closer of this boke.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxix. f. 242 With a..closer [L. clathro], latis wyse.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. iv. 173 Hercules..Bet doun the closeris.
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) facing f. 1 For want of partition, closier and such.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 192 The making of diuers closiers of glasses.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

closern.2

/ˈkləʊzə/
Forms: Also 1700s closier.
Etymology: < close v. + -er suffix1. Compare Old French closier (Godefroy).
1. One who or that which closes (in various senses of the verb).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun]
closing1382
shutter up1542
shutter1611
closer1817
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Affermisseur, a strengthener; compactor, closer.
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 421 Malacissation is wrought, by Consubstantials; By Imprinters; and by Closers up.
1817 J. Keats Poems 7 Closer of lovely eyes to lovely dreams.
1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/2 Sunday closers [advocates of Sunday closing] will be surprised to learn..that on Sunday ‘the inns are empty’.
2. Boot-making. The workman that ‘closes’ or joins together the uppers of boots or shoes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > processes involved in > one who joins
closer1724
pastefitter1876
slugger1911
1724 London Gaz. No. 6249/8 Elizabeth Pocock..Closer of Shooes.
1866 London Rev. 27 Oct. 459/2 Clickers, blockers, runners, closers.
1889 D. F. Schloss in Charity Organis. Rev. Jan. 7 (note) Closers make the uppers of boots.
3. Building. A stone or brick of smaller size than the rest, used to close or end a wall, or course of brickwork. king closer, queen closer: see quot. 1842. (Sometimes closure, formerly closier.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick
hirne-stonec1000
parpen1252
coin1350
coin-stone1350
angler1365
parpal1369
corner-stonea1382
cunye1387
tuss1412
quoin1532
table stone1554
quoining1562
copestone1567
ground-stone1567
lock bandc1582
quinyie1588
perpender1611
whelmer1618
parpen stone1633
capstone1665
headera1684
through1683
quoin-stone1688
stretcher1693
closer1700
bed-stone1723
coping-brick1725
girder1726
footstone1728
heading brick1731
bossage1736
lewis-hole1740
shoulder1744
headstone1745
pawl1753
tail-bond1776
coping-stone1778
slocking-stone1778
throughband1794
through-stone1797
stretching-bond1805
core1823
keystone1823
tail-binder1828
stretching-stone1833
header brick1841
coign1843
pawl-stone1844
bay-stone1845
bonder1845
pillar-stone1854
bond-piece1862
stretcher-brick1867
toothing-stone1875
bond-stone1879
pierpoint1891
jumper1904
tush1905
padstone1944
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 23 'Tis usual to lay a Closier next the Header on both sides of the Wall, and..to make the Wall much stronger, lay a Closure on one side, and none on the other.
1734 Builder's Dict. At an upright Quoin in a Brick and half Wall..it is usual to lay a Closer next the Header, on both Sides of the Walls.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 952 s.v. Closers in brickwork, or pieces of bricks (or bats), less or greater than half a brick, that are used to close in the end of a course of brickwork..a quarter brick (or bat)..interposed to preserve the continuity of the bond..is called a queen-closer..a three-quarter bat at the angle in the stretching course..is called a king-closer.

Draft additions March 2006

Originally U.S. A person adept at bringing business transactions to a satisfactory conclusion.
ΚΠ
1906 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Nov. 16/3 (advt.) A leading real estate firm wants a first-class experienced man for inside work; must be a good closer and familiar with Oakland real estate values.
1968 F. Exley Fan's Notes vi. 256 In the aluminum siding racket Mr. Blue was a ‘closer’. He traveled about with two or three..Ivy League types..whose job it was to get Mr. Blue into a house so that he could get the buyer's signature on a contract, thus ‘closing’ the sale.
1992 Economist 3 Oct. 11/2 (advt.) The candidate understands how to access public and private financial markets, is flexible, a self-starter, a closer, an excellent communicator and a team player.
2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 36/1 She was, says one colleague, the best ‘closer’ he'd ever seen—someone who knew how to cut deals and get the job done.

Draft additions March 2006

A closing or final item; the last of a series. Cf. opener n. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > the placing of one thing after another > the last one
latest1447
lagc1530
postreme1553
closer1961
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end > that which or one who
enderc1405
finisher1526
concluder1601
coup de grâce1699
settler1744
closer1961
1961 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Apr. b16/4 As a closer, Lombardi expressed appreciation: ‘Thank you for helping us set the all-time attendance record.’
1989 Q Dec. 117/1 The best track is the closer, Find A Way To My Heart, which employs just about all the tricks that have gone before.
1998 Isis 89 525/2 The opener is provided by the sociologist Trevor Pinch, the closer by Donald MacKenzie.
2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 108/3 ‘I Will Survive’ was his signature closer.

Draft additions March 2006

Baseball. A reliable relief pitcher who enters a game in the final innings, typically to preserve a slim lead.
ΚΠ
1980 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. v. 4/2 Last year..he was often used as a long reliever rather than the ‘closer’ he had always been.
1990 Sports Illustr. 8 Oct. 28/2 Jeff Gray had pitched the eighth for Boston, and Morgan let him pitch the ninth, despite the fact that Boston's closer, Jeff Reardon, was ready.
2004 D. Dravecky & M. Yorkey Called Up xxxiv. 151 Trevor—like 95 percent of today's closers—usually comes into the game with a clean slate: ninth inning, no one on base.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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更新时间:2025/3/16 7:21:45