† closern.¹

Forms: Also Middle English closere, 1500s closyer, 1500s–1600s closier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman closere = Old French closiere ‘enclosed place’ < late Latin clausāria (see Du Cange), < clausus closed, shut.

Obsolete.

1. An enclosed space or place; a closet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place

lockOE

close1297

cloisterc1300

purseynta1325

clausurea1398

closinga1398

closera1400

blokc1400

procinct1422

parclosea1470

enterclose1480

enclose1483

closure1496

sept1548

enclosure1552

shut1605

cincture1627

precinct1774

encincture1849

zariba1885

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > private or inner room

bowerc1000

chamber?c1225

privy chambera1382

closeta1387

closera1400

conclavea1400

wardrobea1400

cell?1440

garderobe?c1450

retreatc1500

parlour1561

cabinet1565

cabin1594

in-room?1615

recamera1622

sanctum sanctorum1707

adytum1800

snuggery1812

sulking-room1816

sanctum1819

anderoon1840

inner sanctum1843

thalamus1850

growlery1853

a1400–50 Alexander 5250 Candace..changid hire wedis; And cam doun of hire closere.

c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) vi Joseph..made hem a closer and a crachche for here beestes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/1 Closyer, clos.

2. That which encloses, an enclosing wall or barrier; the cover of a book. [Apparently confused with closure n., Old French closure in this sense.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > that which encloses

closurec1386

shrinea1400

closerc1440

clausurea1464

sepiment1660

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 83 Closere [Pynson, closure] of bokys, or oþer lyke, clausura, coopertorium.

1445 W. Clebe Petit. Henry VI in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 79 With closer of brike toured aboute your gardein.

1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1844) 123 The byll..is in the closer of this boke.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxix. f. 242 With a..closer [L. clathro], latis wyse.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. iv. 173 Hercules..Bet doun the closeris.

1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) facing f. 1 For want of partition, closier and such.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 192 The making of diuers closiers of glasses.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

closern.²

/ˈkləʊzə/

Forms: Also 1700s closier.

Etymology: < close v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Old French closier (Godefroy).

1. One who or that which closes (in various senses of the verb).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun]

closing1382

shutter up1542

shutter1611

closer1817

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Affermisseur, a strengthener; compactor, closer.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 421 Malacissation is wrought, by Consubstantials; By Imprinters; and by Closers up.

1817 J. Keats Poems 7 Closer of lovely eyes to lovely dreams.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/2 Sunday closers [advocates of Sunday closing] will be surprised to learn..that on Sunday ‘the inns are empty’.

2. Boot-making. The workman that ‘closes’ or joins together the uppers of boots or shoes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > processes involved in > one who joins

closer1724

pastefitter1876

slugger1911

1724 London Gaz. No. 6249/8 Elizabeth Pocock..Closer of Shooes.

1866 London Rev. 27 Oct. 459/2 Clickers, blockers, runners, closers.

1889 D. F. Schloss in Charity Organis. Rev. Jan. 7 (note) Closers make the uppers of boots.

3. Building. A stone or brick of smaller size than the rest, used to close or end a wall, or course of brickwork. king closer, queen closer: see quot. 1842. (Sometimes closure, formerly closier.)

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick

hirne-stonec1000

parpen1252

coin1350

coin-stone1350

angler1365

parpal1369

corner-stonea1382

cunye1387

tuss1412

quoin1532

table stone1554

quoining1562

copestone1567

ground-stone1567

lock bandc1582

quinyie1588

perpender1611

whelmer1618

parpen stone1633

capstone1665

headera1684

through1683

quoin-stone1688

stretcher1693

closer1700

bed-stone1723

coping-brick1725

girder1726

footstone1728

heading brick1731

bossage1736

lewis-hole1740

shoulder1744

headstone1745

pawl1753

tail-bond1776

coping-stone1778

slocking-stone1778

throughband1794

through-stone1797

stretching-bond1805

core1823

keystone1823

tail-binder1828

stretching-stone1833

header brick1841

coign1843

pawl-stone1844

bay-stone1845

bonder1845

pillar-stone1854

bond-piece1862

stretcher-brick1867

toothing-stone1875

bond-stone1879

pierpoint1891

jumper1904

tush1905

padstone1944

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 23 'Tis usual to lay a Closier next the Header on both sides of the Wall, and..to make the Wall much stronger, lay a Closure on one side, and none on the other.

1734 Builder's Dict. At an upright Quoin in a Brick and half Wall..it is usual to lay a Closer next the Header, on both Sides of the Walls.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 952 s.v. Closers in brickwork, or pieces of bricks (or bats), less or greater than half a brick, that are used to close in the end of a course of brickwork..a quarter brick (or bat)..interposed to preserve the continuity of the bond..is called a queen-closer..a three-quarter bat at the angle in the stretching course..is called a king-closer.

Draft additions March 2006

Originally U.S. A person adept at bringing business transactions to a satisfactory conclusion.

ΚΠ

1906 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Nov. 16/3 (advt.) A leading real estate firm wants a first-class experienced man for inside work; must be a good closer and familiar with Oakland real estate values.

1968 F. Exley Fan's Notes vi. 256 In the aluminum siding racket Mr. Blue was a ‘closer’. He traveled about with two or three..Ivy League types..whose job it was to get Mr. Blue into a house so that he could get the buyer's signature on a contract, thus ‘closing’ the sale.

1992 Economist 3 Oct. 11/2 (advt.) The candidate understands how to access public and private financial markets, is flexible, a self-starter, a closer, an excellent communicator and a team player.

2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 36/1 She was, says one colleague, the best ‘closer’ he'd ever seen—someone who knew how to cut deals and get the job done.

Draft additions March 2006

A closing or final item; the last of a series. Cf. opener n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > the placing of one thing after another > the last one

latest1447

lagc1530

postreme1553

closer1961

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end > that which or one who

enderc1405

finisher1526

concluder1601

coup de grâce1699

settler1744

closer1961

1961 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Apr. b16/4 As a closer, Lombardi expressed appreciation: ‘Thank you for helping us set the all-time attendance record.’

1989 Q Dec. 117/1 The best track is the closer, Find A Way To My Heart, which employs just about all the tricks that have gone before.

1998 Isis 89 525/2 The opener is provided by the sociologist Trevor Pinch, the closer by Donald MacKenzie.

2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 108/3 ‘I Will Survive’ was his signature closer.

Draft additions March 2006

Baseball. A reliable relief pitcher who enters a game in the final innings, typically to preserve a slim lead.

ΚΠ

1980 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. v. 4/2 Last year..he was often used as a long reliever rather than the ‘closer’ he had always been.

1990 Sports Illustr. 8 Oct. 28/2 Jeff Gray had pitched the eighth for Boston, and Morgan let him pitch the ninth, despite the fact that Boston's closer, Jeff Reardon, was ready.

2004 D. Dravecky & M. Yorkey Called Up xxxiv. 151 Trevor—like 95 percent of today's closers—usually comes into the game with a clean slate: ninth inning, no one on base.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	closer
释义	† closern.¹ Forms: Also Middle English closere, 1500s closyer, 1500s–1600s closier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman closere = Old French closiere ‘enclosed place’ < late Latin clausāria (see Du Cange), < clausus closed, shut. Obsolete. 1. An enclosed space or place; a closet. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place lockOE close1297 cloisterc1300 purseynta1325 clausurea1398 closinga1398 closera1400 blokc1400 procinct1422 parclosea1470 enterclose1480 enclose1483 closure1496 sept1548 enclosure1552 shut1605 cincture1627 precinct1774 encincture1849 zariba1885 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > private or inner room bowerc1000 chamber?c1225 privy chambera1382 closeta1387 closera1400 conclavea1400 wardrobea1400 cell?1440 garderobe?c1450 retreatc1500 parlour1561 cabinet1565 cabin1594 in-room?1615 recamera1622 sanctum sanctorum1707 adytum1800 snuggery1812 sulking-room1816 sanctum1819 anderoon1840 inner sanctum1843 thalamus1850 growlery1853 a1400–50 Alexander 5250 Candace..changid hire wedis; And cam doun of hire closere. c1410 N. Love tr. Bonaventura Mirror Life Christ (Gibbs MS.) vi Joseph..made hem a closer and a crachche for here beestes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 206/1 Closyer, clos. 2. That which encloses, an enclosing wall or barrier; the cover of a book. [Apparently confused with closure n., Old French closure in this sense.] ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > that which encloses closurec1386 shrinea1400 closerc1440 clausurea1464 sepiment1660 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 83 Closere [Pynson, closure] of bokys, or oþer lyke, clausura, coopertorium. 1445 W. Clebe Petit. Henry VI in J. H. Parker Some Acct. Domest. Archit. (1859) III. 79 With closer of brike toured aboute your gardein. 1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (1844) 123 The byll..is in the closer of this boke. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxix. f. 242 With a..closer [L. clathro], latis wyse. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) viii. iv. 173 Hercules..Bet doun the closeris. 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) facing f. 1 For want of partition, closier and such. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 192 The making of diuers closiers of glasses. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). closern.² /ˈkləʊzə/ Forms: Also 1700s closier. Etymology: < close v. + -er suffix¹. Compare Old French closier (Godefroy). 1. One who or that which closes (in various senses of the verb). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] closing1382 shutter up1542 shutter1611 closer1817 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Affermisseur, a strengthener; compactor, closer. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 421 Malacissation is wrought, by Consubstantials; By Imprinters; and by Closers up. 1817 J. Keats Poems 7 Closer of lovely eyes to lovely dreams. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/2 Sunday closers [advocates of Sunday closing] will be surprised to learn..that on Sunday ‘the inns are empty’. 2. Boot-making. The workman that ‘closes’ or joins together the uppers of boots or shoes. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > [noun] > processes involved in > one who joins closer1724 pastefitter1876 slugger1911 1724 London Gaz. No. 6249/8 Elizabeth Pocock..Closer of Shooes. 1866 London Rev. 27 Oct. 459/2 Clickers, blockers, runners, closers. 1889 D. F. Schloss in Charity Organis. Rev. Jan. 7 (note) Closers make the uppers of boots. 3. Building. A stone or brick of smaller size than the rest, used to close or end a wall, or course of brickwork. king closer, queen closer: see quot. 1842. (Sometimes closure, formerly closier.) ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > specific stone or brick hirne-stonec1000 parpen1252 coin1350 coin-stone1350 angler1365 parpal1369 corner-stonea1382 cunye1387 tuss1412 quoin1532 table stone1554 quoining1562 copestone1567 ground-stone1567 lock bandc1582 quinyie1588 perpender1611 whelmer1618 parpen stone1633 capstone1665 headera1684 through1683 quoin-stone1688 stretcher1693 closer1700 bed-stone1723 coping-brick1725 girder1726 footstone1728 heading brick1731 bossage1736 lewis-hole1740 shoulder1744 headstone1745 pawl1753 tail-bond1776 coping-stone1778 slocking-stone1778 throughband1794 through-stone1797 stretching-bond1805 core1823 keystone1823 tail-binder1828 stretching-stone1833 header brick1841 coign1843 pawl-stone1844 bay-stone1845 bonder1845 pillar-stone1854 bond-piece1862 stretcher-brick1867 toothing-stone1875 bond-stone1879 pierpoint1891 jumper1904 tush1905 padstone1944 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 23 'Tis usual to lay a Closier next the Header on both sides of the Wall, and..to make the Wall much stronger, lay a Closure on one side, and none on the other. 1734 Builder's Dict. At an upright Quoin in a Brick and half Wall..it is usual to lay a Closer next the Header, on both Sides of the Walls. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 952 s.v. Closers in brickwork, or pieces of bricks (or bats), less or greater than half a brick, that are used to close in the end of a course of brickwork..a quarter brick (or bat)..interposed to preserve the continuity of the bond..is called a queen-closer..a three-quarter bat at the angle in the stretching course..is called a king-closer. Draft additions March 2006 Originally U.S. A person adept at bringing business transactions to a satisfactory conclusion. ΚΠ 1906 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 10 Nov. 16/3 (advt.) A leading real estate firm wants a first-class experienced man for inside work; must be a good closer and familiar with Oakland real estate values. 1968 F. Exley Fan's Notes vi. 256 In the aluminum siding racket Mr. Blue was a ‘closer’. He traveled about with two or three..Ivy League types..whose job it was to get Mr. Blue into a house so that he could get the buyer's signature on a contract, thus ‘closing’ the sale. 1992 Economist 3 Oct. 11/2 (advt.) The candidate understands how to access public and private financial markets, is flexible, a self-starter, a closer, an excellent communicator and a team player. 2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 2 Aug. 36/1 She was, says one colleague, the best ‘closer’ he'd ever seen—someone who knew how to cut deals and get the job done. Draft additions March 2006 A closing or final item; the last of a series. Cf. opener n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > [noun] > the placing of one thing after another > the last one latest1447 lagc1530 postreme1553 closer1961 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end > that which or one who enderc1405 finisher1526 concluder1601 coup de grâce1699 settler1744 closer1961 1961 Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 20 Apr. b16/4 As a closer, Lombardi expressed appreciation: ‘Thank you for helping us set the all-time attendance record.’ 1989 Q Dec. 117/1 The best track is the closer, Find A Way To My Heart, which employs just about all the tricks that have gone before. 1998 Isis 89 525/2 The opener is provided by the sociologist Trevor Pinch, the closer by Donald MacKenzie. 2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) June 108/3 ‘I Will Survive’ was his signature closer. Draft additions March 2006 Baseball. A reliable relief pitcher who enters a game in the final innings, typically to preserve a slim lead. ΚΠ 1980 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. v. 4/2 Last year..he was often used as a long reliever rather than the ‘closer’ he had always been. 1990 Sports Illustr. 8 Oct. 28/2 Jeff Gray had pitched the eighth for Boston, and Morgan let him pitch the ninth, despite the fact that Boston's closer, Jeff Reardon, was ready. 2004 D. Dravecky & M. Yorkey Called Up xxxiv. 151 Trevor—like 95 percent of today's closers—usually comes into the game with a clean slate: ninth inning, no one on base. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1400n.²1611
随便看	commentative commentator commentatorial commentators commentatorship commentatory commented commenter commenters commenting commentiter commentitial commentitious commentitiously commentitiousness commentless commentlike commentor commentors comments commerce commerce-crushing commerce-destroyer commerce-destroying commerce-raider

† closern.1

closern.2

Draft additions March 2006

Draft additions March 2006

Draft additions March 2006

† closern.¹

closern.²