† closhn.¹

Forms: Middle English cloishe, Middle English–1500s closshe, cloysh(e, 1500s clashe, classhe, claish(e, claisshe, clayshe, 1500s–1600s closhe, 1500s– closh.

Etymology: < Flemish and Dutch klos bowl (for playing). Kilian has klos, globus, sphæra, klos-bane sphæristerium, klos-beytel flagellum, vola, klos-poorte annulus sphæristerii, klossen ludere sphæra, ludere globo per annulum; Plantin (1573) has klos une boule, klos-bane parc à bouler, klos-poorte une porte à bouler, anneau de fer à passer la boule, klossen bouler, jouer à la boule par travers un anneau de fer. These terms still occur in Dutch Dictionaries, though the game appears to be obsolete in Holland.

Obsolete.

An obsolete game with a ball or bowl, prohibited in many successive statutes in the 15th–16th centuries. It was obsolete before the time of Cowell (1554–1611), who supposed it to be equivalent to ninepins or skittles. From the 16th cent. Dutch lexicographers and Dutch descriptions, it appears that the bowl used in the game had to be driven by a spade- or chisel-shaped implement, the klos-beytel, through a hoop or ring, as in croquet.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > games resembling croquet > [noun]

closh1477

lawn billiards1873

troco1882

roque1899

golf-croquet1920

1477 Act 17 Edw. IV c. 3 Diversez novelx ymaginez Jeuez appellez Cloishe Kaylez half kewle Hondyn & Hondoute & Quekeborde.

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 2 §5 Noon apprentice..[shall] pley..at the Tenys Closshe Dise Cardes Bowles.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxvii. sig. Ni^v In classh is emploied to litle strength; in boulyng often times to moche.

1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 80 b Tenes, Clashe, Dise, Cardes, Boules, or any other unlawful games.

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 9. §8 Any common house, alley or place of bowlinge, Coytinge, Cloyshe, Coyles, halfe bowle, Tennys, Dysing, Table, or Cardinge.

1548 Bp. J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. xi, in Early Writings (1843) 393 Here is forbidden also all games for money, as dice, cards, cloyshe, and other.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xxi. 194 Euerie Iustice of the Peace maye..enter into any common house or place, where anye playing at the Bowles, Coytes, Closh, Cayles..or at anye other game prohibited..shall be suspected to be vsed.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. P4^v/1 Closhe, is an vnlawfull game forbidden by..statute..which is casting of a bowle at nine pinnes of wood.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 62 But there [it] is no more properly cald Clash..it is now ordinarily call'd Kailes or Kiles.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. vii. 239.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 The younger amused themselves with claish, or kegelspiel.

Derivatives

† closh-bane n. [ < Middle Dutch klos-bane, modern Dutch klos-baan bowling-green, < baan way, road, alley, etc.] Obsolete a green or ground for playing closh.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > games resembling croquet > [noun] > area for playing

closh-bane1500

1500 Cartulary Hosp. St. Thomas, Southwark (Stowe 640, Brit. Mus. lf. 336 b) A lease..of the tenement some~tyme called the ffawcon, after a tenysplay & cloishbane, with all maner edifices, gardeyns, & grounds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

closhn.²

Forms: Also clowse, clush.

a. (See quot.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle

murrainc1450

gall1577

gargyse1577

sprenges1577

wisp1577

closh1587

milting1587

moltlong1587

hammer1600

mallet1600

scurvy1604

wither1648

speed1704

nostril dropping1708

bladdera1722

heartsick1725

throstling1726

striking1776

feather-cling1799

hollow-horn1805

weed1811

blood striking1815

the slows1822

toad-bit1825

coast-fever1840

horn-distemper1843

rat's tail1847

whethering1847

milk fever1860

milt-sickness1867

pearl tumour1872

actinomycosis1877

pearl disease1877

rat-tail1880

lumpy jaw1891

niatism1895

cripple1897

rumenitis1897

Rhodesian fever1903

reticulitis1905

barbone1907

contagious abortion1910

trichomoniasis1915

shipping fever1932

New Forest disease1954

bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987

BSE1987

mad cow disease1988

East Coast fever2009

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 27 The clowse is a kind of griefe which do commonly happen on the necke of labouring cattel.

1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 92 Now for the Closhe or Clowse, which causeth a beast to pill and loose the haire from his necke, and is bred by drawing in wet and rainie weather.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Clush Clush and swollen Neck, a Distemper in Cattle.

b. The following seems to be an error:

1704 Dict. Rusticum Closh or Founder, a Distemper in the Feet of Cattle.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Closh.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

closhn.³

Etymology: Origin unknown.

An upright piece of wood fixed in the deck of a whaling vessel, on which the blubber of the whale is spiked to be cut up.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > cutting up whale or seal > [noun] > other equipment

closh1820

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 308 Each of these officers, provided with a blubber-knife or a strand-knife, places himself by the side of a ‘closh’..fixed in the deck.

1836 Uncle Philip's Conversat. Whale Fishery 98 The blubber is put on the spikes of the closh, and the harpooner slices off the skin.

1886 Good Words 27 83 The harpoons of various designs, the closh, and the broken krenging hook.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

n.¹1477

n.²1587

n.³1820

单词	closh
释义	† closhn.¹ Forms: Middle English cloishe, Middle English–1500s closshe, cloysh(e, 1500s clashe, classhe, claish(e, claisshe, clayshe, 1500s–1600s closhe, 1500s– closh. Etymology: < Flemish and Dutch klos bowl (for playing). Kilian has klos, globus, sphæra, klos-bane sphæristerium, klos-beytel flagellum, vola, klos-poorte annulus sphæristerii, klossen ludere sphæra, ludere globo per annulum; Plantin (1573) has klos une boule, klos-bane parc à bouler, klos-poorte une porte à bouler, anneau de fer à passer la boule, klossen bouler, jouer à la boule par travers un anneau de fer. These terms still occur in Dutch Dictionaries, though the game appears to be obsolete in Holland. Obsolete. An obsolete game with a ball or bowl, prohibited in many successive statutes in the 15th–16th centuries. It was obsolete before the time of Cowell (1554–1611), who supposed it to be equivalent to ninepins or skittles. From the 16th cent. Dutch lexicographers and Dutch descriptions, it appears that the bowl used in the game had to be driven by a spade- or chisel-shaped implement, the klos-beytel, through a hoop or ring, as in croquet. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > games resembling croquet > [noun] closh1477 lawn billiards1873 troco1882 roque1899 golf-croquet1920 1477 Act 17 Edw. IV c. 3 Diversez novelx ymaginez Jeuez appellez Cloishe Kaylez half kewle Hondyn & Hondoute & Quekeborde. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 2 §5 Noon apprentice..[shall] pley..at the Tenys Closshe Dise Cardes Bowles. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxvii. sig. Ni^v In classh is emploied to litle strength; in boulyng often times to moche. 1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 80 b Tenes, Clashe, Dise, Cardes, Boules, or any other unlawful games. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 9. §8 Any common house, alley or place of bowlinge, Coytinge, Cloyshe, Coyles, halfe bowle, Tennys, Dysing, Table, or Cardinge. 1548 Bp. J. Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. xi, in Early Writings (1843) 393 Here is forbidden also all games for money, as dice, cards, cloyshe, and other. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xxi. 194 Euerie Iustice of the Peace maye..enter into any common house or place, where anye playing at the Bowles, Coytes, Closh, Cayles..or at anye other game prohibited..shall be suspected to be vsed. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. P4^v/1 Closhe, is an vnlawfull game forbidden by..statute..which is casting of a bowle at nine pinnes of wood. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 62 But there [it] is no more properly cald Clash..it is now ordinarily call'd Kailes or Kiles. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. vii. 239. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 The younger amused themselves with claish, or kegelspiel. Derivatives † closh-bane n. [ < Middle Dutch klos-bane, modern Dutch klos-baan bowling-green, < baan way, road, alley, etc.] Obsolete a green or ground for playing closh. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > croquet > games resembling croquet > [noun] > area for playing closh-bane1500 1500 Cartulary Hosp. St. Thomas, Southwark (Stowe 640, Brit. Mus. lf. 336 b) A lease..of the tenement some~tyme called the ffawcon, after a tenysplay & cloishbane, with all maner edifices, gardeyns, & grounds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). closhn.² Forms: Also clowse, clush. a. (See quot.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle murrainc1450 gall1577 gargyse1577 sprenges1577 wisp1577 closh1587 milting1587 moltlong1587 hammer1600 mallet1600 scurvy1604 wither1648 speed1704 nostril dropping1708 bladdera1722 heartsick1725 throstling1726 striking1776 feather-cling1799 hollow-horn1805 weed1811 blood striking1815 the slows1822 toad-bit1825 coast-fever1840 horn-distemper1843 rat's tail1847 whethering1847 milk fever1860 milt-sickness1867 pearl tumour1872 actinomycosis1877 pearl disease1877 rat-tail1880 lumpy jaw1891 niatism1895 cripple1897 rumenitis1897 Rhodesian fever1903 reticulitis1905 barbone1907 contagious abortion1910 trichomoniasis1915 shipping fever1932 New Forest disease1954 bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987 BSE1987 mad cow disease1988 East Coast fever2009 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell i. 27 The clowse is a kind of griefe which do commonly happen on the necke of labouring cattel. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) 92 Now for the Closhe or Clowse, which causeth a beast to pill and loose the haire from his necke, and is bred by drawing in wet and rainie weather. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Clush Clush and swollen Neck, a Distemper in Cattle. b. The following seems to be an error: Π 1704 Dict. Rusticum Closh or Founder, a Distemper in the Feet of Cattle. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Closh. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). closhn.³ Etymology: Origin unknown. An upright piece of wood fixed in the deck of a whaling vessel, on which the blubber of the whale is spiked to be cut up. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > cutting up whale or seal > [noun] > other equipment closh1820 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 308 Each of these officers, provided with a blubber-knife or a strand-knife, places himself by the side of a ‘closh’..fixed in the deck. 1836 Uncle Philip's Conversat. Whale Fishery 98 The blubber is put on the spikes of the closh, and the harpooner slices off the skin. 1886 Good Words 27 83 The harpoons of various designs, the closh, and the broken krenging hook. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2018). < n.¹1477n.²1587n.³1820
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† closhn.1

Derivatives

closhn.2

closhn.3

† closhn.¹

closhn.²

closhn.³