closuren.

/ˈkləʊʒ(j)ʊə/

Forms: Also Middle English closser, 1500s cloasure.

Etymology: < Old French closure that which encloses, a barrier < Latin clausūra , < stem claus- of claudĕre to shut, close: see -ure suffix¹. Sense 3 arose, partly at least, by phonetic confusion with closer n.¹, although it might have been developed independently: compare aperture, structure, etc.

†1.

a. That which encloses, shuts in, or confines; a fence, wall, barrier, case, cover, setting, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > that which encloses

closurec1386

shrinea1400

closerc1440

clausurea1464

sepiment1660

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋796 Beestes..that breketh the hegge or the closure [v.r. of the closur(e, closeure, clausure].

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xiii. 35 With dyches and palis..and wyth closures made of tymbre.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 477 [They] opened the Barres and Closure.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. G Scrowles..Wrapt in rich closures of fine burnisht gold.

1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 121 An avolation of spirituous parts through all vessels and closures.

1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 181 So as to form a closure about the case.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. i. 22 The spirit-world no closures fasten.

†b. more generally: Bound, limit, circuit. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun]

goalc1350

bounda1387

list1389

finea1400

frontier1413

enda1425

limit1439

buttal1449

headroom1462

band1470

mete?1473

buttinga1475

bounder1505

pale?a1525

butrelle1546

scantlet1547

limesa1552

divisec1575

meta1587

line1595

marginc1595

closure1597

Rubicon1613

bournea1616

boundary1626

boundure1634

verge1660

terminary1670

meta1838

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. iii. 10 Within the guilty closure of thy wals.

1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 236 [I will] catch them [birds] in the closure of this wire.

1640 G. Sandys tr. H. Grotius Christs Passion 54 That fatal Ark..whose closure held Those two-leav'd Tables.

†2. An entrenchment, fortress, fort. [So in late Latin.] Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun]

workeOE

forcementa1382

strengtha1382

strengthinga1382

warding1382

closurea1400

bulwarkc1418

propugnaclea1460

fortification1489

munition?c1500

tuition1513

fortifying1523

furniture1577

munificence1596

bloccuz1600

burg-ward1753

propugnaculum1864

a1400–50 Alexander 4890 Vp-on þe cop of þe cliffe a closure he fyndis, A palais.

1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes xii. 15 One fortresse or closure both for them and for his campe.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 214/1 in Chron. I Alvred..going foorth of his closure, repaired to the campe of the Danyshe king.

1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. C2 Hide me in Closure.

†3. An enclosed place. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place

lockOE

close1297

cloisterc1300

purseynta1325

clausurea1398

closinga1398

closera1400

blokc1400

procinct1422

parclosea1470

enterclose1480

enclose1483

closure1496

sept1548

enclosure1552

shut1605

cincture1627

precinct1774

encincture1849

zariba1885

Cf. 1386 in 1. ]

1496–7 Act 12 Hen. VII c. 11 §2 The seid Manoirs with their..Medowes, Pastures, Closures, Woodis.

?1592 J. Manwood Brefe Coll. Lawes Forest 248 Any Coppies or closure of the Purluy, estrayteng of the kings Deere from the Forest.

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xlii. 7 An utter closure according to the celles.

†4. The act of enclosing, shutting up, or confining; enclosure; the fact or condition of being enclosed or shut up. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun]

closurec1420

inclusiona1500

closing1530

circumference1602

enclosure1605

interception1665

enceinte1708

circumclusion1730

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun]

closurec1420

pinning1503

closing1580

seclusion1623

penning1626

impoundage1954

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun]

prisonOE

bonda1225

beclosing?c1225

narrowth?c1225

holdc1330

banda1400

festinance1426

duressc1430

enclosingc1440

closeness1530

durancea1535

closure1592

reclusedness1613

confinement1646

immurement1736

immuration1895

hack1899

prisonment1900

lockdown1973

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 805 Now rayle hem, and of closure is noo doute.

1538 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Dunstan's, Canterb. A lode of thornes for closure of the seid house.

1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie iii. 154 My closure I with great impatience tooke.

1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 35 In the chiltern parts of Buckinghamshire and Harfordshire, where the Land lyes in closure.

a1711 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. ii. 39 In sacred Convents every glad Recluse Thought it no Crime from Closure to break loose.

a. The act of closing or shutting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting

shutting?a1366

closing1398

clausurec1440

sparring1564

uphasping1582

closure1600

fastening1605

shut1667

close1721

1600 P. Holland in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. Transl. Pref. 2 Before Augustus's second closure thereof [i.e. of the temple of Janus].

1676 W. Temple Let. to Sir J. Williamson in Wks. (1731) II. 385 Before the Closure of this Pacquet.

1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 103 The closure and the re-opening of the theatre.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 59 The wire must be acted on at both ends, by the closure of the circuit.

1879 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (ed. 5) i. ii. 29 The closure of the fingers in grasping.

b. Closed condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun]

clausure1582

closure1845

1845 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors I. xiii. 226 These straws..distend the book from its accustomed closure.

1887 J. Payn in New York Independent XXXIX. 1064 After fourteen months of closure.

c. Phonetics. Any position of articulation in which, or the extent to which, some part of the speech mechanism is moved towards another so as partially or wholly to block the current of air.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > partial or complete closure

closure1867

occlusion1906

stricture1943

1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 60 An ‘outer’ formation, or closure of the super-glottal passage.., yields a distinct percussion.

1877 H. Sweet Handbk. Phonetics 85 In English, when a stop follows a vowel,..nothing is heard but part of the glide on to the consonant, the actual closure being formed without any breath at all.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. vi. 103 [In] Southern British English..the degrees of closure of the vowels in words like up and odd are the reverse of ours.

1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 99 Palatal plosives, in which the front of the tongue makes closure with the hard palate.

†6. An agreeing upon terms, a coming to an arrangement with; agreement, union, unity. Cf. close v. 14. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun]

accordc1275

assentc1400

agreement1427

appointment?1440

agreec1475

condition1483

covin1489

agreeance1525

concluding1530

compaction1534

indenture1540

conjurea1547

obsignation?1555

conclusion1569

engage1589

astipulation1595

adstipulation1598

agreation1598

tractation1600

closing1606

dispatch1612

combinationa1616

engagement1617

closure1647

covenantinga1649

adjustment1674

1647 J. Saltmarsh Sparkles of Glory (1847) 148 In a pure spiritual closure, or unity of Spirit.

1649 O. Cromwell Let. lxi. 14 Mar. (Carlyle) So much do I desire a closure with you.

1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 73 The Catholick King..pretended so much zeal to a Closure with England.

1668 J. Howe Blessedness of Righteous Disc. (1825) 179 This..draws the..Soul into a closure and league with him.

†7.

a. The part or means by which anything is closed or fastened; a fastening, attachment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > a closure

locker1313

closure1616

door1712

occludent1762

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening

fasteningOE

closing1382

festela1400

fastenera1425

fastingc1450

fastnessa1550

seizurea1616

closure1616

obligation1646

agraffe1772

fastenment1836

buckling1861

hitch1881

soul and body lashing1883

1616–61 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 331 Claverius thinks that the knot or closure was adorn'd with some bright gemme.

1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 134 Lute the closures with potters earth.

1676 J. Cooke Mellificium Chirurg. (ed. 3) 679 After which, put a closure [i.e. napkin or diaper] to the Woman.

1729 A. Pope Corr. 28 Nov. (1956) III. 81 Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever.

†b. Applied to the fontanels of the skull. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > parietal bones > fontanelle

moulda1398

closure1569

fontanelle1598

1569 R. Androse tr. ‘Alessio’ 4th Bk. Secretes ii. 41 Make a plaister, and put it vppon the cloasure of children.

1569 R. Androse tr. ‘Alessio’ 4th Bk. Secretes ii. 58 Lay it vpon the closure of the pacients heade.

†c. Architecture. (See quot.) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Lanterne,..also, the scutcheon or closure of a Tymber vault, where the ends of the branches thereof doe meet.

1772 J. Lloyd in Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 253 I could find no closure of the dome.

†d. A composition for closing the openings of vessels, a luting. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes an aperture > material or composition used for

closure1651

packing1779

stopping1823

chinking1837

stopper1879

1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 4 Take Loam and the white of an Egge, mix them into a Past..This..is a good closure.

e. Building. The arrangement of bricks or stones at the end or corner of a wall, etc.; also † = closer n.² 3.

ΚΠ

1881 Mechanic 546 The closure at the reveal should be a bond closure.

a. A bringing to a conclusion; end, close.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > bringing to a conclusion

endingc1000

determination1483

lapping1549

winding up1560

closure1594

perioding1659

clausure1670

close out1887

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end

termininga1425

termination1514

lapping1549

closing1580

closure1594

solution1655

perioding1659

clausure1670

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. iii. 133 Make a mutuall closure of our house.

1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron vi. ii. 269 The feast of Pentecost, which was the end and closure of their harvest.

a1698 W. Row Contin. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) xii. 511 The treaty would come to a peaceable closure against that time.

1870 E. H. Pember Trag. of Lesbos vii. 110 The point that brings the closure of thine own Marks but the outset of my suffering.

b. Cricket. The act or right of declaring an innings closed; also = closure rule (see below).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > voluntary ending of innings

closure1904

declaration1908

1904 R. S. Holmes Hist. Yorks. Co. Cr. viii. 101 It was in this match [Yorkshire v. Cambridge University, 1894] that the Light Blue captain put the closure into force.

9. spec. The closing of a debate in a legislative assembly by vote of the house or by other competent authority.On the first introduction of rules giving the House of Commons this power in 1882 the principle was often called the clôture, the name applied to it in the French Assembly.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > closure of debate

cloture1871

closure1882

1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Feb. 1/2 What is the Closure? The right of the House of Commons to say that a debate shall close when discussion has been exhausted.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 May 1/1 To get through the seven lines took nearly twelve hours and three closures.

1887 Spectator 28 May 722/1 On Monday night the Closure was applied four times.

10. In gestalt psychology, the process whereby incomplete forms, situations, etc., are completed subjectively by the viewer or seem to complete themselves; the tendency to create ordered and satisfying wholes. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > object of perception > structure perceived as a whole > [noun] > completion of wholes

closure1924

1924 R. M. Ogden tr. K. Koffka Growth of Mind iii. 103 Phenomena occur in connections determined by peculiar inherent laws of relationship which have to do with ‘closure’ and ‘non-closure’.

1925 I. A. Richards Princ. Lit. Crit. 107 The perception of an object and the recognition that it is a tree..involve a poise in the sensory system concerned, a certain completeness or ‘closure’.

1934 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 38 In the child with high intelligence, the disposition to create order is strong enough to work with less vivid material and such a child will experience a strong Prägnanz and ‘closure’.

1951 G. Humphrey Thinking 175 The tendency of an incomplete configuration to complete itself, the tendency, that is, towards closure.

1964 A. Koestler in Listener 14 May 787/2 According to Gestalt theory, we solve abstract problems by applying the ‘closure principle’; the solution closes the gap.

Compounds

closure rule n. Cricket the rule that allows captain to ‘declare’ (see declare v. 11b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > umpiring and scoring > [noun] > rule

closure rule1897

1897 W. J. Ford in K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket ix. 347 Most of the matches last for a day only, so that the ‘closure’ rule was a boon and a blessing.

Draft additions 1993

Surveying. The act of closing a traverse by surveying a line back to the position from which the traverse was started. Esp. in error of closure = misclosure n.; also transferred, any discrepancy between an initial and final estimate or measurement of a quantity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > specific methods or processes > the act of closing a traverse

closure1902

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > relationship between quantities > difference or discrepancy

odds1525

apotome1571

difference1745

absolute error1775

residual1854

error of closure1981

the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > a measure > deficient > discrepancy of initial and final measurement

error of closure1981

1902 P. M. Nugent Plane Surveying iii. 41 The ratio of the error of closure to the sum of the measured lengths of all the lines in the closed traverse is known as the ‘ratio of closure’.

1981 Sci. Amer. Nov. 37/3 The difference between the precensus estimate and the actual count is known as the error of closure. It is the magnitude of the error of closure in the 1980 census that has most surprised demographers.

Draft additions 1993

Mathematics. The property of being closed (closed adj. 2); also (const. of), the smallest closed set containing a given set. point of closure: a point which is such that any neighbourhood of it meets a given set (const. of).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > geometrical property

duality1532

magnitude1570

solidity1570

order1706

symmetry1823

unicursality1887

self-coincidence1902

closure1905

non-orientability1938

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set

set1857

interval1902

intersection1909

union1912

lattice1933

matroid1935

closure1937

Steiner triple or triplet system1939

recursive set1943

convex hull1951

power set1953

convex envelope1964

Steiner system1966

Julia set1976

Mandelbrot set1984

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun]

pointa1398

prick1532

sign1570

punctuma1592

punct1638

mathematical point1659

origin1723

fixed point1778

lattice point1857

pole1879

point of closure1956

1905 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 165 (heading) Dedekind postulate of closure.

1910 E. H. Moore in New Haven Math. Colloq. (Amer. Math. Soc.) 37 A class  having the property C_ of being closed to itself has the property C, and conversely. The notation C and the designation closure are preferable to the S-C and self-closure originally used.

1937 G. Birkhoff in Ann. Math. 38 39 The ‘closure’  of any subset S of ordinary space is composed of the limits of the convergent sequences of points of S.

1956 E. M. Patterson Topology ii. 29 The set of points of closure of X is called the closure of X.

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory viii. 109 The periodic system is thus explained by the application of a closure law.

1977 Nature 8 Dec. 500/1 A black hole is the closure of the topologically smallest future set I⁺ such that [etc.].

1986 P. C. West Introd. Supersymmetry & Supergravity vi. 25 Closure confirms the choice of one auxiliary field, D which is a pseudoscalar and requires a = +1.

Draft additions December 2006

Originally U.S. A sense of personal resolution; a feeling that an emotionally difficult experience has been conclusively settled or accepted. In early use chiefly Psychoanalysis.

ΚΠ

1970 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 127 286 A follow-up meeting several weeks after the marathon [group meeting] helped to provide closure to the experience.

1987 Social Casewk. 68 546/2 The social worker's goal should be to help bring closure to relationships in such a way as to minimize unresolved feelings and issues.

1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 9 May a7/3 The memorial was intended to provide ‘closure’ in the officers' minds.

2003 Here's Health Sept. 73/1 Now all I think about is him and I don't want anyone else. How can I get some closure so I can move on with my life?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	closure
释义	closuren. /ˈkləʊʒ(j)ʊə/ Forms: Also Middle English closser, 1500s cloasure. Etymology: < Old French closure that which encloses, a barrier < Latin clausūra , < stem claus- of claudĕre to shut, close: see -ure suffix¹. Sense 3 arose, partly at least, by phonetic confusion with closer n.¹, although it might have been developed independently: compare aperture, structure, etc. †1. a. That which encloses, shuts in, or confines; a fence, wall, barrier, case, cover, setting, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > that which encloses closurec1386 shrinea1400 closerc1440 clausurea1464 sepiment1660 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋796 Beestes..that breketh the hegge or the closure [v.r. of the closur(e, closeure, clausure]. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xiii. 35 With dyches and palis..and wyth closures made of tymbre. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 477 [They] opened the Barres and Closure. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. G Scrowles..Wrapt in rich closures of fine burnisht gold. 1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 121 An avolation of spirituous parts through all vessels and closures. 1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 181 So as to form a closure about the case. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. i. 22 The spirit-world no closures fasten. †b. more generally: Bound, limit, circuit. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] goalc1350 bounda1387 list1389 finea1400 frontier1413 enda1425 limit1439 buttal1449 headroom1462 band1470 mete?1473 buttinga1475 bounder1505 pale?a1525 butrelle1546 scantlet1547 limesa1552 divisec1575 meta1587 line1595 marginc1595 closure1597 Rubicon1613 bournea1616 boundary1626 boundure1634 verge1660 terminary1670 meta1838 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. iii. 10 Within the guilty closure of thy wals. View more context for this quotation 1613 T. Heywood Brazen Age ii. ii, in Wks. (1874) III. 236 [I will] catch them [birds] in the closure of this wire. 1640 G. Sandys tr. H. Grotius Christs Passion 54 That fatal Ark..whose closure held Those two-leav'd Tables. †2. An entrenchment, fortress, fort. [So in late Latin.] Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > [noun] workeOE forcementa1382 strengtha1382 strengthinga1382 warding1382 closurea1400 bulwarkc1418 propugnaclea1460 fortification1489 munition?c1500 tuition1513 fortifying1523 furniture1577 munificence1596 bloccuz1600 burg-ward1753 propugnaculum1864 a1400–50 Alexander 4890 Vp-on þe cop of þe cliffe a closure he fyndis, A palais. 1530 tr. Caesar Commentaryes xii. 15 One fortresse or closure both for them and for his campe. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 214/1 in Chron. I Alvred..going foorth of his closure, repaired to the campe of the Danyshe king. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. C2 Hide me in Closure. †3. An enclosed place. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] > an enclosed space or place lockOE close1297 cloisterc1300 purseynta1325 clausurea1398 closinga1398 closera1400 blokc1400 procinct1422 parclosea1470 enterclose1480 enclose1483 closure1496 sept1548 enclosure1552 shut1605 cincture1627 precinct1774 encincture1849 zariba1885 Cf. 1386 in 1. ] 1496–7 Act 12 Hen. VII c. 11 §2 The seid Manoirs with their..Medowes, Pastures, Closures, Woodis. ?1592 J. Manwood Brefe Coll. Lawes Forest 248 Any Coppies or closure of the Purluy, estrayteng of the kings Deere from the Forest. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Ezek. xlii. 7 An utter closure according to the celles. †4. The act of enclosing, shutting up, or confining; enclosure; the fact or condition of being enclosed or shut up. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > [noun] closurec1420 inclusiona1500 closing1530 circumference1602 enclosure1605 interception1665 enceinte1708 circumclusion1730 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > enclosing or enclosure > enclosing or confining > [noun] closurec1420 pinning1503 closing1580 seclusion1623 penning1626 impoundage1954 society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] prisonOE bonda1225 beclosing?c1225 narrowth?c1225 holdc1330 banda1400 festinance1426 duressc1430 enclosingc1440 closeness1530 durancea1535 closure1592 reclusedness1613 confinement1646 immurement1736 immuration1895 hack1899 prisonment1900 lockdown1973 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 805 Now rayle hem, and of closure is noo doute. 1538 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Dunstan's, Canterb. A lode of thornes for closure of the seid house. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie iii. 154 My closure I with great impatience tooke. 1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 35 In the chiltern parts of Buckinghamshire and Harfordshire, where the Land lyes in closure. a1711 T. Ken Edmund in Wks. (1721) II. ii. 39 In sacred Convents every glad Recluse Thought it no Crime from Closure to break loose. 5. a. The act of closing or shutting. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] > closing or shutting shutting?a1366 closing1398 clausurec1440 sparring1564 uphasping1582 closure1600 fastening1605 shut1667 close1721 1600 P. Holland in tr. Livy Rom. Hist. Transl. Pref. 2 Before Augustus's second closure thereof [i.e. of the temple of Janus]. 1676 W. Temple Let. to Sir J. Williamson in Wks. (1731) II. 385 Before the Closure of this Pacquet. 1756 T. Nugent Grand Tour IV. 103 The closure and the re-opening of the theatre. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 59 The wire must be acted on at both ends, by the closure of the circuit. 1879 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (ed. 5) i. ii. 29 The closure of the fingers in grasping. b. Closed condition. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [noun] clausure1582 closure1845 1845 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors I. xiii. 226 These straws..distend the book from its accustomed closure. 1887 J. Payn in New York Independent XXXIX. 1064 After fourteen months of closure. c. Phonetics. Any position of articulation in which, or the extent to which, some part of the speech mechanism is moved towards another so as partially or wholly to block the current of air. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > partial or complete closure closure1867 occlusion1906 stricture1943 1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 60 An ‘outer’ formation, or closure of the super-glottal passage.., yields a distinct percussion. 1877 H. Sweet Handbk. Phonetics 85 In English, when a stop follows a vowel,..nothing is heard but part of the glide on to the consonant, the actual closure being formed without any breath at all. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. vi. 103 [In] Southern British English..the degrees of closure of the vowels in words like up and odd are the reverse of ours. 1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 99 Palatal plosives, in which the front of the tongue makes closure with the hard palate. †6. An agreeing upon terms, a coming to an arrangement with; agreement, union, unity. Cf. close v. 14. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] accordc1275 assentc1400 agreement1427 appointment?1440 agreec1475 condition1483 covin1489 agreeance1525 concluding1530 compaction1534 indenture1540 conjurea1547 obsignation?1555 conclusion1569 engage1589 astipulation1595 adstipulation1598 agreation1598 tractation1600 closing1606 dispatch1612 combinationa1616 engagement1617 closure1647 covenantinga1649 adjustment1674 1647 J. Saltmarsh Sparkles of Glory (1847) 148 In a pure spiritual closure, or unity of Spirit. 1649 O. Cromwell Let. lxi. 14 Mar. (Carlyle) So much do I desire a closure with you. 1659 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. 73 The Catholick King..pretended so much zeal to a Closure with England. 1668 J. Howe Blessedness of Righteous Disc. (1825) 179 This..draws the..Soul into a closure and league with him. †7. a. The part or means by which anything is closed or fastened; a fastening, attachment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > a closure locker1313 closure1616 door1712 occludent1762 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > [noun] > a fastening fasteningOE closing1382 festela1400 fastenera1425 fastingc1450 fastnessa1550 seizurea1616 closure1616 obligation1646 agraffe1772 fastenment1836 buckling1861 hitch1881 soul and body lashing1883 1616–61 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 331 Claverius thinks that the knot or closure was adorn'd with some bright gemme. 1651 J. French Art Distillation v. 134 Lute the closures with potters earth. 1676 J. Cooke Mellificium Chirurg. (ed. 3) 679 After which, put a closure [i.e. napkin or diaper] to the Woman. 1729 A. Pope Corr. 28 Nov. (1956) III. 81 Without a seal, wafer, or any closure whatever. †b. Applied to the fontanels of the skull. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > parietal bones > fontanelle moulda1398 closure1569 fontanelle1598 1569 R. Androse tr. ‘Alessio’ 4th Bk. Secretes ii. 41 Make a plaister, and put it vppon the cloasure of children. 1569 R. Androse tr. ‘Alessio’ 4th Bk. Secretes ii. 58 Lay it vpon the closure of the pacients heade. †c. Architecture. (See quot.) Obsolete. ΚΠ 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Lanterne,..also, the scutcheon or closure of a Tymber vault, where the ends of the branches thereof doe meet. 1772 J. Lloyd in Philos. Trans. 1771 (Royal Soc.) 61 253 I could find no closure of the dome. †d. A composition for closing the openings of vessels, a luting. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > that which closes an aperture > material or composition used for closure1651 packing1779 stopping1823 chinking1837 stopper1879 1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 4 Take Loam and the white of an Egge, mix them into a Past..This..is a good closure. e. Building. The arrangement of bricks or stones at the end or corner of a wall, etc.; also † = closer n.² 3. ΚΠ 1881 Mechanic 546 The closure at the reveal should be a bond closure. 8. a. A bringing to a conclusion; end, close. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > bringing to a conclusion endingc1000 determination1483 lapping1549 winding up1560 closure1594 perioding1659 clausure1670 close out1887 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end > bringing to an end termininga1425 termination1514 lapping1549 closing1580 closure1594 solution1655 perioding1659 clausure1670 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. iii. 133 Make a mutuall closure of our house. View more context for this quotation 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron vi. ii. 269 The feast of Pentecost, which was the end and closure of their harvest. a1698 W. Row Contin. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) xii. 511 The treaty would come to a peaceable closure against that time. 1870 E. H. Pember Trag. of Lesbos vii. 110 The point that brings the closure of thine own Marks but the outset of my suffering. b. Cricket. The act or right of declaring an innings closed; also = closure rule (see below). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > voluntary ending of innings closure1904 declaration1908 1904 R. S. Holmes Hist. Yorks. Co. Cr. viii. 101 It was in this match [Yorkshire v. Cambridge University, 1894] that the Light Blue captain put the closure into force. 9. spec. The closing of a debate in a legislative assembly by vote of the house or by other competent authority.On the first introduction of rules giving the House of Commons this power in 1882 the principle was often called the clôture, the name applied to it in the French Assembly. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > closure of debate cloture1871 closure1882 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Feb. 1/2 What is the Closure? The right of the House of Commons to say that a debate shall close when discussion has been exhausted. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 May 1/1 To get through the seven lines took nearly twelve hours and three closures. 1887 Spectator 28 May 722/1 On Monday night the Closure was applied four times. 10. In gestalt psychology, the process whereby incomplete forms, situations, etc., are completed subjectively by the viewer or seem to complete themselves; the tendency to create ordered and satisfying wholes. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > object of perception > structure perceived as a whole > [noun] > completion of wholes closure1924 1924 R. M. Ogden tr. K. Koffka Growth of Mind iii. 103 Phenomena occur in connections determined by peculiar inherent laws of relationship which have to do with ‘closure’ and ‘non-closure’. 1925 I. A. Richards Princ. Lit. Crit. 107 The perception of an object and the recognition that it is a tree..involve a poise in the sensory system concerned, a certain completeness or ‘closure’. 1934 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 38 In the child with high intelligence, the disposition to create order is strong enough to work with less vivid material and such a child will experience a strong Prägnanz and ‘closure’. 1951 G. Humphrey Thinking 175 The tendency of an incomplete configuration to complete itself, the tendency, that is, towards closure. 1964 A. Koestler in Listener 14 May 787/2 According to Gestalt theory, we solve abstract problems by applying the ‘closure principle’; the solution closes the gap. Compounds closure rule n. Cricket the rule that allows captain to ‘declare’ (see declare v. 11b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > umpiring and scoring > [noun] > rule closure rule1897 1897 W. J. Ford in K. S. Ranjitsinhji Jubilee Bk. Cricket ix. 347 Most of the matches last for a day only, so that the ‘closure’ rule was a boon and a blessing. Draft additions 1993 Surveying. The act of closing a traverse by surveying a line back to the position from which the traverse was started. Esp. in error of closure = misclosure n.; also transferred, any discrepancy between an initial and final estimate or measurement of a quantity. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > specific methods or processes > the act of closing a traverse closure1902 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > relationship between quantities > difference or discrepancy odds1525 apotome1571 difference1745 absolute error1775 residual1854 error of closure1981 the world > relative properties > measurement > [noun] > a measure > deficient > discrepancy of initial and final measurement error of closure1981 1902 P. M. Nugent Plane Surveying iii. 41 The ratio of the error of closure to the sum of the measured lengths of all the lines in the closed traverse is known as the ‘ratio of closure’. 1981 Sci. Amer. Nov. 37/3 The difference between the precensus estimate and the actual count is known as the error of closure. It is the magnitude of the error of closure in the 1980 census that has most surprised demographers. Draft additions 1993 Mathematics. The property of being closed (closed adj. 2); also (const. of), the smallest closed set containing a given set. point of closure: a point which is such that any neighbourhood of it meets a given set (const. of). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [noun] > geometrical property duality1532 magnitude1570 solidity1570 order1706 symmetry1823 unicursality1887 self-coincidence1902 closure1905 non-orientability1938 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set set1857 interval1902 intersection1909 union1912 lattice1933 matroid1935 closure1937 Steiner triple or triplet system1939 recursive set1943 convex hull1951 power set1953 convex envelope1964 Steiner system1966 Julia set1976 Mandelbrot set1984 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] pointa1398 prick1532 sign1570 punctuma1592 punct1638 mathematical point1659 origin1723 fixed point1778 lattice point1857 pole1879 point of closure1956 1905 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 165 (heading) Dedekind postulate of closure. 1910 E. H. Moore in New Haven Math. Colloq. (Amer. Math. Soc.) 37 A class  having the property C_ of being closed to itself has the property C, and conversely. The notation C and the designation closure are preferable to the S-C and self-closure originally used. 1937 G. Birkhoff in Ann. Math. 38 39 The ‘closure’  of any subset S of ordinary space is composed of the limits of the convergent sequences of points of S. 1956 E. M. Patterson Topology ii. 29 The set of points of closure of X is called the closure of X. 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory viii. 109 The periodic system is thus explained by the application of a closure law. 1977 Nature 8 Dec. 500/1 A black hole is the closure of the topologically smallest future set I⁺ such that [etc.]. 1986 P. C. West Introd. Supersymmetry & Supergravity vi. 25 Closure confirms the choice of one auxiliary field, D which is a pseudoscalar and requires a = +1. Draft additions December 2006 Originally U.S. A sense of personal resolution; a feeling that an emotionally difficult experience has been conclusively settled or accepted. In early use chiefly Psychoanalysis. ΚΠ 1970 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 127 286 A follow-up meeting several weeks after the marathon [group meeting] helped to provide closure to the experience. 1987 Social Casewk. 68 546/2 The social worker's goal should be to help bring closure to relationships in such a way as to minimize unresolved feelings and issues. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 9 May a7/3 The memorial was intended to provide ‘closure’ in the officers' minds. 2003 Here's Health Sept. 73/1 Now all I think about is him and I don't want anyone else. How can I get some closure so I can move on with my life? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). closurev. Etymology: < closure n. 9. transitive. To apply the closure to (a debate or speaker). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (transitive)] > close debate cloture1886 closure1887 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 2 Apr. 8 Going on protesting against this bill until we have been closured upon every stage. 1887 Times 30 May 9/1 Closured in the House of Commons..the voice of truth and justice ought to have rung out to-day. 1888 A. J. Balfour in Times 20 July 8/2 He never had any desire to closure this debate to-night. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.c1386v.1887
随便看	overbreed overbreeding overbreeds overbribe overbridge overbridged overbridges overbridging overbright overbrilliancy overbrim overbrimmed overbrimming overbrims overbring overbroad overbroil overbrood overbrow overbrowed overbrowing overbrown overbrows overbrowse overbrowsed

closuren.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions December 2006

closurev.