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单词 clothe
释义

clothev.

Brit. /kləʊð/, U.S. /kloʊð/
Forms: Past tense and participle clothed /kləʊðd/, clad /klæd/. Forms: α. Old English cláðian, Middle English claþe-n, Middle English cloðe-n, ( cloþi), Middle English cloþe-n, Middle English clooþe, ( clode), Middle English–1700s cloth, (1500s clote), 1500s–1800s cloath, cloathe, Middle English– clothe. Also northernMiddle English clath(e, 1500s–1800s Scottish claith, claeth. past tense and participle Middle English– clothed, (northern clathed, etc.). β. (Old English clǽðan); past tense Middle English cladde, Middle English– clad; past participle Middle English– clad, Middle English–1500s cladd-e, Middle English–1500s clade, 1500s ycladd, 1500s–1800s yclad, (1600s clod). Forms with e, see clead n.
Etymology: There are two types of this verb, both rare in Old English: α. Old English cláðian , of which the past participle gecláded for geclaðed , -od occurs. Hence Middle English clāthe , clothe (the former retained in north dialect), inflected clathed , clothed . β. Old English clǽðan , with past tense clǽðde , *clædde , whence Middle English cladde , clad , and probably the northern type clethe , cledde , cled (formerly referred to Norse klæða ): see clead n. The former belongs to a type *klaiþôjan , the latter to *klaiþjan , both < *klaiþo m (or ? klaiþoz- ) a cloth n. Compare Middle High German and modern German kleiden, Low German, Dutch kleeden, East Frisian klêden. Old Norse had klæða, going with the Old Norse form of the noun klæði. Both forms of the past tense and participle have come down to modern use. Clod, occasionally found in 16–17th cent. was either a late shortening of cloth'd, cloath'd, or a mixture of these with clad. The form yclad, very rare in Middle English, was revived by the Elizabethan archaists, after whom it has become a ‘Spenserian’ form in later poets.
1.
a. transitive. To cover with a garment or with clothing; to provide with clothing; to dress.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]
wrya901
clothec950
shride971
aturnc1220
begoa1225
array1297
graith1297
agraithc1300
geara1325
cleadc1325
adightc1330
apparel1362
back1362
shape1362
attirea1375
parela1375
tirea1375
rayc1390
addressa1393
coverc1394
aguisea1400
scredea1400
shrouda1400
bedightc1400
buskc1400
harnessc1400
hatterc1400
revesta1449
able1449
dressa1450
reparel?c1450
adub?1473
endue?a1475
afaite1484
revestera1500
beclothe1509
trimc1516
riga1535
invest1540
vesture1555
suit1577
clad1579
investure1582
vest1582
deck1587
habit1594
to make ready1596
caparison1597
skin1601
shadow1608
garment1614
riga1625
raiment1656
garb1673
equip1695
to fit out1722
encase1725
tog1793
trick1821
to fig out1825
enclothe1832
toilet1842
to get up1858
habilitate1885
tailor1885
kit1919
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark v. 15 Sittende gecladed & hales ðohtes.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 36. Nacod and gie clæðdon vel wrigon meh.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2710 To fedenn hemm. & claþenn.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2630 Teremuth toc it on sunes stede, And fedde it wel and cloðen dede.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2120 Ioseph was..shauen & clad & to him brogt.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20312 Wel fed & cladd.
c1450 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (BL Add. 36983) p. 1639 Naked & hungry sche cloþed & fedde.
1508 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. 259 Commaunded also his seruauntes to cloth hym newe.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 774 Þai cladde hom clenly.
1632 F. Quarles Divine Fancies (1660) iv. ciii. 173 Zelustus wears his cloaths, as he were clod To frighten Crowns, and not to serve his God.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 219 And thought not much to cloath his Enemies. View more context for this quotation
1777 W. Dalrymple Trav. Spain & Portugal xxvi To cloathe all the troops.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 87 The hand that..often toil'd to clothe your little ones.
b. Constr. with, in.
ΚΠ
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 341 Thoo spake this lady clothed al in grene.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 3675 She..clad him wiþ þo cloþes mete.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 488/1 I clothe me in sylke.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxiii. 21 Drousinesse shall cloath a man with ragges. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 216 He clad Thir nakedness with Skins of Beasts. View more context for this quotation
1857 C. M. Yonge Cameos xliii, in Monthly Packet Oct. 353 His keepers clad him in mean..garments.
c. reflexive.
ΚΠ
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 53 Heo..claþeð heom mid geoluwe claþe.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1354 Sone it was day, sone he him cladde.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B3v Vp he rose, and clad him hastily.
a1626 F. Bacon New Atlantis (1658) 14 To cloath themselves with the skins of Tigers, Bears.
1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 111 He clad himself with the slave's clothes.
d. To invest with a religious habit: cf. clothing n. 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments
clothe1628
society > faith > worship > sacrament > order > monastic profession > [verb (transitive)] > admit to
monkOE
orderc1330
profess?1430
cowl1536
clothe1628
monasticize1825
monachize1876
1628 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1905) 1 98 She was cloathed in the new monastery at Gand the 25 of November 1626.
a1700 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1905) 8 11 Mis Elizabeth Poulton was cloathed with her for a lay sister.
2. intransitive (for reflexive). To clothe oneself or be clothed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [verb (intransitive)]
wear?c1225
to stand in ——a1382
clothe1393
remember your courtesy1598
dress1673
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (intransitive)]
clothe1393
trick?1532
riga1535
dress1673
busk1722
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 14 The tresor..Wherof the pouer shulden clothe And ete and drinke and house bothe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 267 Care no more to cloath and eate. View more context for this quotation
1853 W. S. Landor Wks. I. 446 They lie among coral, and clothe in feathers, or are in buff.
1853 W. S. Landor Wks. II. 141 He ordered men to take no thought of what they put on, and, indeed, not to clothe at all.
3. transitive. To put on as clothing, to don. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on > put on as clothing
clothea1300
invest1596
superindue1678
to on with1843
a1300 E.E. Psalter cviii. 18 And malloc [cursing] he cled als wede.
1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cviii. 18 He cladde cursing as clothing.
1388 J. Wyclif Psalms cviii. 18 He clothide cursing as a cloth.
c1400 J. Arderne in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 191 He did of al his knyghtly clothings, and cladde mournyng clothes.
4. By extension: To cover or fit out with armour, ornaments, or other things worn on the body.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > stud with ornaments > clothe with an ornament
clothe1382
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > with specific garments > other
wimple?c1225
pricka1275
clothe1382
addressa1393
haspc1400
to-cloutc1430
shirtc1450
gownc1485
tuft1535
passement1539
kerchief1600
muff1607
inshirt1611
insmock1611
mode1656
costume1802
slop1803
shawl1812
cravat1818
sur-invest1827
frock1828
pinafore1843
smock1847
panoply1851
underclothe1857
upholster1873
fancy dress1878
sleeve1887
to suit up1912
crinoline1915
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > of armour: protect [verb (transitive)] > clothe with or encase in
armc1275
graith1297
enarmc1320
tirec1330
harnessc1380
haspc1400
endossa1500
armour1578
case1582
clothe1590
dight1590
emboss1590
array1809
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxxiii. 4 And noon was clothid with his ournyng bi custom.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B4v In mighty armes he was yclad anon: And siluer shield.
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xxxviii. 4 All thine armie, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed with all sorts of armour. View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 188 Their naked armes are only clothed with Bracelets of siluer and juory.
5.
a. To cover (anything) with a cloth or cloths.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > with cloth or textile
clothec1369
pallc1440
clout1579
drapery1824
cloth1844
drape1847
bedrape1865
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 252 A fether bed..right wel cled In fyne blacke Sattyn doutremere.
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 106 Þe marchall..euell coude his Craft, whan he cloþed þe stede.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 885 Sone watȝ telded vp a tabil on tresteȝ ful fayre, Clad wyth a clene cloþe þat cler quyt schewed.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry (1668) i. v. 39 To cloath a horse right.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 41 Embroider'd Purple cloaths the Golden Beds.
b. Nautical. To rig (a ship, mast, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > rig
rig1500
reek1562
clothe1714
1714 London Gaz. No. 5235/4 British Sail Cloth..the Royal Navy hath been wholly Clothed with the same, for many Years.
c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 18 What is meant by clothing the yards? Fitting them with rigging at the yard arms, and slings, etc.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 46 How is a bowsprit clothed?
6.
a. transferred. To cover as with clothing, or as clothing does.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > as with garment
clothea1382
overclothea1425
garmenta1547
invest1548
palliate1548
overclad1591
vestite1598
clad1601
supervest1610
garb1648
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job x. 11 With fel and flesh thou hast clad me.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Isa. I. 3 I shal clothin heuenes with dercnesses.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 30 For ȝif God clothith thus the heye of the feeld.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1639 Toures..þat were of heght so hoge..þat the clowdes hom clede in vnclene ayre.
1647 A. Cowley Mistresse 17 Thou wilt seeme much whiter so, Than Winter when 'tis clad with snow.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva Cover them [the plants] with glasses, having cloath'd them first with sweet and dry Moss.
1719 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher II. xviii. xviii. 457 Take a lighted Pipe of Tobacco,..cloathing it with Paper if it be too hot.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. v. 73 That portion of the city which clothes the southern bank of the river.
b. Said of vegetation or the like as it covers and furnishes the face of the earth.
ΚΠ
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 129 Now hath thatempre sonne..clad yt new again.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) viii. xvi. 323 The sonne clotheth and renewyth thouer parte of therth wyth herbes twygges and floures.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms lxv. 13 The pastures are cloathed with flockes. View more context for this quotation
1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent iii. i Who clothes the senseless Earth, With Woods, with Fruits, with Flow'rs and verdant Grass.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 156 The land..is well clothed with timber.
1832 H. Martineau Demerara i. 2 Coffee plantations clothe the sides of the hills.
c. Leaves and blossoms are said to clothe trees and plants.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 13 The Trees are cloath'd with Leaves.
1808 W. Scott Marmion i. Introd. 5 Will spring return,..And blossoms clothe the hawthorn spray?
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 70 Delaying as the tender ash delays To clothe herself, when all the woods are green?
7. figurative.
a. With immediate reference to the literal sense.
ΚΠ
c1340 R. Rolle Prose Treat. 15 A saule þat..es clede in vertus.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lix. 17 He is clad with riȝtwisnesse as with an habirioun.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 802 Quen þai sagh ham self al bare, þat welth and blis had cleþed ar [Gött. In welth and bliss was clad are].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms cviii. [cix.] 18 He clothed him self with cursynge like as with a rayment.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. xi. 25/2 Thus is he [sc. Man] said also to be clothed with a Body.
b. To invest or endue with attributes, qualities, or a character.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > endow with qualities or attributes
girdc1000
enfortunec1374
due1395
endowa1420
endue1447
garnishc1450
invest1590
clothe1611
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > impart a character or nature to [verb (transitive)]
naturea1393
naturize1607
clothe1611
character1621
characterize1786
temperament1855
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxxix. 19 Hast thou clothed his necke with thunder?
1623 W. Sclater Quæstion of Tythes 88 Cloathed with cœremoniousnesse by the High Priest of our Profession.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War To Rdr. sig. A2 With such gravity cloath ev'ry Page.
1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) i. 10 As long as men are clothed with human infirmities.
1866 W. C. Bryant Death Slavery ii A glory clothes the land from sea to sea.
1880 T. A. Spalding Elizabethan Demonol. 39 Spenser has clothed with horror this conception.
c. To endow with power, privilege, or liability; also in Scots Law, with a husband.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > endow with qualities or attributes > with honour, privilege, or power
dowc1420
invest1534
crown1535
endue1565
endow1601
clothe1754
1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. ii. 13 The judicial ratifications of women cloathed with husbands.
1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xiii. §1 Cases in which the individual is clothed with great powers.
1788 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 493 The clauses..clothing consuls with privileges of the law of nations.
1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 161 That another estate should be cloathed with the same trusts.
1847 R. Chambers Sel. Writings VII. 221 He was clothed wi' a wife and a wean forbye.
8.
a. figurative. With reference to putting on or assuming a form or appearance: in early use sometimes ‘to cloak’ under or with an assumed form; in later to represent or embody in a particular form.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have (specific) appearance [verb (transitive)] > assume appearance
clothe1393
physiognomize1653
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)]
showc1175
feignc1340
clothe1393
colourc1400
gloze1430
pretence1548
whiten1583
maska1593
vizard1628
tissuea1639
to whiten up1746
act1790
veneer1875
histrionize1876
window dress1913
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 62 He [an ypocrite] clotheth richesse as men saine Vnder the simplest of pouerte.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iii. 334 And thus I clothe my naked villany, With old odde ends stolne out of holy writ. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iv. 118 So shall I cloth me in a forc'd content. View more context for this quotation
1646 J. Saltmarsh Reasons for Vnitie in Some Drops 128 Though you have cloathed your selfe in their Apologeticall Narration, yet I must deale with you as your self.
1869 A. Trollope He knew he was Right I. xlviii. 378 [He] struggled hard, but vainly, to clothe his face in a pleasant smile.
b. To put (thoughts or ideas) into words; to express in (or with).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to
sayOE
talkc1275
soundc1386
outc1390
shedc1420
utterc1445
conveya1568
discharge1586
vent1602
dicta1605
frame1608
voice1612
pass?1614
language1628
ventilate1637
to give venta1640
vend1657
clothe1671
to take out1692
to give mouth to1825
verbalize1840
to let out1853
vocalize1872
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 65 Some troubl'd thoughts, which she in sighs thus clad . View more context for this quotation
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries Pref. Mr. Willughby's voyage which he himself would doubtless have cloathed with better language.
1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind (1801) 212 Clothe those ideas with words.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxi. 283 Cloath it in what language you will.
1781 S. Johnson Dyer in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets X. 7 Cloathing small images in great words.
1850 H. Rogers Ess. I. iii. 102 He has clothed the determinate quantities of arithmetic in the universal symbols of algebra.
9. to clothe upon (also to clothe on). In the New Testament a literalism of translation: ? to put on over other clothes; but cf. German ankleiden and late Latin superinduĕre to put on. archaic.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Cor. v. 2 Desiring to be clothed vpon [ἐπενδύσασθαι, superindui: Wyclif clothed above, Rhem. over-clothed, 16th c. vv. clothed] with our house, which is from heauen. View more context for this quotation
1842 Ld. Tennyson Godiva in Poems (new ed.) II. 114 Then she rode forth, clothed on with chastity.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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