aghastadj.

Brit.

/əˈɡɑːst/,

/əˈɡast/, U.S.

/əˈɡæst/

Forms:

α. Middle English agaist, Middle English–1500s agaste, Middle English ogast, Middle English–1700s agast; also Scottish pre-1700 agaist, pre-1700 agast, pre-1700 agaste.

β. late Middle English aghaste, 1500s– aghast.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English agast , agast v.

Etymology: < agast, past participle of agast v. Compare later aghasted adj.The change of meaning in sense 1a is due to folk-etymological reanalysis, as if the word were formed with a- prefix³. The β. forms are first attested in Caxton's translations of the Legenda aurea and the Vitas patrum, and subsequently in the late 16th cent. (e.g. in Spenser's Faerie Queene), but are rare before the 18th cent. They may result from association with ghost n. (see discussion of the forms with medial -h- at that entry); compare also the β. forms at ghastful adj.

a. Originally: frightened, terrified. Subsequently: spec. seized with the visible or physical signs of terror or horror; struck with dismay or shock.

(a) Without complement. Also with †for (the emotion) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]

affrightOE

ofgrisea1200

adreadc1225

ofgasta1300

aghastc1300

dreadc1300

dreadfula1325

dreadya1325

forfrighteda1325

frightfula1325

gasta1382

dareda1400

aghasteda1425

mazed1493

awfula1522

agazed1557

flaited1565

terrifiedc1586

gastereda1644

scarified1895

c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 556 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 17 (MED) Þat blod sprong out with gret strem; þo weren þe schrewes a-gaste.

?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 89 Wel mow we drede and be agast.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiv. 37 Thei troublid and agast [a1425 Magdalene Coll., Cambr. agastid].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4971 (MED) First he wald þam mak agast And siþen reu on þam atte last.

1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxxxxvij Sone after there came one stertyng out al brennyng in fyre and stared ful ghastlye on them with grete staryng eyen, of whome the monkes were aghaste.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 2544 The Scottis men..Ware grettly in thare hart agast.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. 68 Damned sprights sent forth to make ill men aghast.

1615 T. Adams Englands Sicknes ii. 82 The wrastling of Gods wrath with his spirite..drew from Christ that complaint, able to make heauen and earth stand agast.

1658 P. Goodwin Mystery of Dreames v. ii. 204 Thou didst comfort, ravish me and refresh me oft, yet now thou makst me all agast.

1728 J. Ralph Night iii. 45 The nations start From thoughtless slumbers, and aghast survey The rising horrors of the flaming hill.

1799 H. Neuman tr. A. von Kotzebue Self Immolation iii. iv. 46 Who cannot look upon the horrors of her own heart, without starting back, aghast?

1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude ix. 236 The stings of viperous remorse..enforced him to start up, Aghast and prayerless.

1920 H. A. Franck Vagabonding through Changing Germany vii. 139 A cartoonist showed a lean and hollow-eyed individual standing aghast before a friend whose waistcoat still bulged like a bay-window.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ix. 204 The move left judges, lawyers and the former Lord Chancellors, Lords Mackay and Irvine, aghast.

(b) With of (the object occasioning the emotion).

ΚΠ

c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 1287 (MED) Nas neuer noþer of oþer agast.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 250 (MED) Of her fairehede he was agast.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 115 (MED) Dunleue, the kynge, was schortlych agaste of so suddeyn comynge, lefte the toun, and flow.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 916/2 Be not agast of your enimies.

1645 J. Milton Psalm cxiv in Poems 13 Shake earth, and at the presence be agast Of him that ever was.

1884 Radical Rev. 19 Apr. 2/1 In Mormonism Christianity contemplates itself, and stands aghast of its reflected shadow.

1912 S. Young Star in Trees in Addio, Madretta & Other Plays 59 We were aghast of life, and from the ills That loomed before, we turned our steps away And sought the land of faery.

2010 M. Levi Synthetic Soul xi. 71 Miles was aghast of the idea that lurking beneath the scorching sands of Egypt was an unknown world.

(c) With subordinate clause with lest or that, expressing a future prospect or action. †Also with indirect question (obsolete).

ΚΠ

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 311 I am agast what ye wole seye.

?a1450 Metrical Life Christ (1977) 37 (MED) Heroude..was þen ful sore agast Lest he preued..Aboue hym kyng to be And lord of Iewes in Iudee.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6016 (MED) All þe dryuers ware agaste, Þat þe sledd suld ga our faste.

1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) ccxxxij. sig. q7 He was agast lest it shold be any preiudice ayens the Pope.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 33 I am agast That we get som fray Betwixt vs both.

1842 E. A. Poe Pit & Pendulum in Gift 1843 136 It was not that I feared to look upon things horrible, but that I grew aghast lest there should be nothing to see.

1919 Canada Law Jrnl. 55 260 And all the world did fairly stand aghast Lest evil over virtue should prevail.

2006 D. Starkey Monarchy i. v. 133 The army was aghast that its godly revolution might amount to no more than the replacement of the House of Stuart by the House of Cromwell.

†(d) With infinitive expressing a course of action. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1534 He was agast To loue.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 15 (MED) Domysday þat pagent xal hyth; who se þat pagent, may be agast to grevyn his lord god.

a1500 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 376 (MED) Moche more schuldeste þou be agaste to synne byfore þi god.

c1550 R. Wever Lusty Juventus sig. E.i To confesse his wretchednes he was not agast.

1637 T. Jackson Diverse Serm. 47 Amongst the wofull spectacles..men..more agast to embrace their dearest friends or nearest kinsfolks, then to graspe an adder, or a snake.

†(e) With of (the object of anxiety). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 2870 (MED) Þey weron payned þere alle þat day, þat of hurre lyff þey weron sore agast.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xii. l. 404 For Of here lyves they weren Agaste.

(f) With at (an occurrence). Also with infinitive of a verb of perception.

ΚΠ

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 240 (MED) Þes fendes madyn a ȝellyng and a cryyng, þat any myght be agast forto here hit.

1575 P. Beverley Hist. Ariodanto & Ieneura (new ed.) sig. H.v^v The traueler, agast to heare, these straunge and careful newes, Doth feele his vitall senses fayleand falles in mortall mewse.

1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 194 Leaena,..conspiring..against the Tyrant Hippeas, stood not agast at the death of her Friends.

1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 276 A-gast, affrighted, as it were at the sight of a Ghost.

a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) i. 12 The garrison stood aghast at this unforeseen disaster.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. ii. 198 The bishop fell on his knees, aghast at the terrible decree.

1939 P. Lindsay Mirror for Ruffians iii. 72 Hildebrand, later Gregory VII..was aghast to see the decay of his church.

2007 Guardian 27 Jan. (Guide Suppl.) 52/1 Aghast at the sheer swivel-eyed horror of the new episodes, several US commentators have condemned the show.

b. Of a person's features or expression: expressing fear, consternation, or shock. Also with with (the emotion).

ΚΠ

a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Bethulians Rescue in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 984 Let's think (alas!) how now all Iuda's Eyes, Agast, are cast upon our Constancies.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 616 With shuddring horror pale, and eyes agast .

1728 J. Ralph Night iv. 68 Forsaken on the desert strand, Some hapless seaman views with eyes aghast..all the less'ning sails.

a1774 R. Fergusson Poems Var. Subj. (1779) 102 Cowardice alone condemns the light, That shews her countenance aghast and pale.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. x. 368 Their countenances aghast with terror.

1905 Chambers's Jrnl. 8 699/1 His face aghast with inexpressible horror.

1915 E. Miller Daybreak i. 13 Instantly the three..whirled upon each other with faces aghast, halted one petrified second, and then fled as if the wind had blown them away.

2010 Herald (Glasgow) 10 Aug. (Features) 13 I remember the suitably aghast expression of one friend when she discovered I wouldn't be getting a fake tan for my wedding day.

†2. = ghastly adj. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective]

blatec1000

whiteOE

greena1275

blakec1275

bleykea1300

wana1300

palec1330

bleach1340

pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374

colourlessc1380

deadlyc1385

deadc1386

bloodlessc1450

earthlyc1460

ruddylessc1460

wan visaged?a1513

wanny1555

as pale or white as a clout1557

bleak1566

mealy1566

pale-faced1570

ghastly1574

white-faced1577

bleakish1581

pallid1590

whiggish1590

tallow-faced1592

maid-pale1597

lily1600

whey-colour1602

lew1611

roseless1611

Hippocratical1615

cadaverousa1661

Hippocratic1681

smock-faced1684

white-looked1690

livid1728

as white (or pale) as a sheet1752

squalid1753

deathly1791

etiolated1791

light-skinned1802

suety1803

shilpit1813

blanched1828

tallowy1830

suet-faced1834

pasty1836

tallowish1838

whey-faced1847

pasty-faced1848

aghast1850

waxen1853

complexionless1863

light-skin1877

lily-cheeked1877

lardy1879

wan-faced1881

exsanguinous1889

wheatish1950

1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 161 Dead things that look aghast By the daylight.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	aghast
释义	aghastadj. Brit. /əˈɡɑːst/, /əˈɡast/, U.S. /əˈɡæst/ Forms: α. Middle English agaist, Middle English–1500s agaste, Middle English ogast, Middle English–1700s agast; also Scottish pre-1700 agaist, pre-1700 agast, pre-1700 agaste. β. late Middle English aghaste, 1500s– aghast. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English agast , agast v. Etymology: < agast, past participle of agast v. Compare later aghasted adj.The change of meaning in sense 1a is due to folk-etymological reanalysis, as if the word were formed with a- prefix³. The β. forms are first attested in Caxton's translations of the Legenda aurea and the Vitas patrum, and subsequently in the late 16th cent. (e.g. in Spenser's Faerie Queene), but are rare before the 18th cent. They may result from association with ghost n. (see discussion of the forms with medial -h- at that entry); compare also the β. forms at ghastful adj. 1. a. Originally: frightened, terrified. Subsequently: spec. seized with the visible or physical signs of terror or horror; struck with dismay or shock. (a) Without complement. Also with †for (the emotion) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 c1300 Holy Cross (Laud) l. 556 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 17 (MED) Þat blod sprong out with gret strem; þo weren þe schrewes a-gaste. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 89 Wel mow we drede and be agast. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiv. 37 Thei troublid and agast [a1425 Magdalene Coll., Cambr. agastid]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4971 (MED) First he wald þam mak agast And siþen reu on þam atte last. 1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxxxxvij Sone after there came one stertyng out al brennyng in fyre and stared ful ghastlye on them with grete staryng eyen, of whome the monkes were aghaste. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 2544 The Scottis men..Ware grettly in thare hart agast. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. v. 68 Damned sprights sent forth to make ill men aghast. 1615 T. Adams Englands Sicknes ii. 82 The wrastling of Gods wrath with his spirite..drew from Christ that complaint, able to make heauen and earth stand agast. 1658 P. Goodwin Mystery of Dreames v. ii. 204 Thou didst comfort, ravish me and refresh me oft, yet now thou makst me all agast. 1728 J. Ralph Night iii. 45 The nations start From thoughtless slumbers, and aghast survey The rising horrors of the flaming hill. 1799 H. Neuman tr. A. von Kotzebue Self Immolation iii. iv. 46 Who cannot look upon the horrors of her own heart, without starting back, aghast? 1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude ix. 236 The stings of viperous remorse..enforced him to start up, Aghast and prayerless. 1920 H. A. Franck Vagabonding through Changing Germany vii. 139 A cartoonist showed a lean and hollow-eyed individual standing aghast before a friend whose waistcoat still bulged like a bay-window. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ix. 204 The move left judges, lawyers and the former Lord Chancellors, Lords Mackay and Irvine, aghast. (b) With of (the object occasioning the emotion). ΚΠ c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 1287 (MED) Nas neuer noþer of oþer agast. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 250 (MED) Of her fairehede he was agast. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 115 (MED) Dunleue, the kynge, was schortlych agaste of so suddeyn comynge, lefte the toun, and flow. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 916/2 Be not agast of your enimies. 1645 J. Milton Psalm cxiv in Poems 13 Shake earth, and at the presence be agast Of him that ever was. 1884 Radical Rev. 19 Apr. 2/1 In Mormonism Christianity contemplates itself, and stands aghast of its reflected shadow. 1912 S. Young Star in Trees in Addio, Madretta & Other Plays 59 We were aghast of life, and from the ills That loomed before, we turned our steps away And sought the land of faery. 2010 M. Levi Synthetic Soul xi. 71 Miles was aghast of the idea that lurking beneath the scorching sands of Egypt was an unknown world. (c) With subordinate clause with lest or that, expressing a future prospect or action. †Also with indirect question (obsolete). ΚΠ a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 311 I am agast what ye wole seye. ?a1450 Metrical Life Christ (1977) 37 (MED) Heroude..was þen ful sore agast Lest he preued..Aboue hym kyng to be And lord of Iewes in Iudee. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6016 (MED) All þe dryuers ware agaste, Þat þe sledd suld ga our faste. 1480 Cronicles Eng. (Caxton) ccxxxij. sig. q7 He was agast lest it shold be any preiudice ayens the Pope. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 33 I am agast That we get som fray Betwixt vs both. 1842 E. A. Poe Pit & Pendulum in Gift 1843 136 It was not that I feared to look upon things horrible, but that I grew aghast lest there should be nothing to see. 1919 Canada Law Jrnl. 55 260 And all the world did fairly stand aghast Lest evil over virtue should prevail. 2006 D. Starkey Monarchy i. v. 133 The army was aghast that its godly revolution might amount to no more than the replacement of the House of Stuart by the House of Cromwell. †(d) With infinitive expressing a course of action. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1534 He was agast To loue. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 15 (MED) Domysday þat pagent xal hyth; who se þat pagent, may be agast to grevyn his lord god. a1500 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 376 (MED) Moche more schuldeste þou be agaste to synne byfore þi god. c1550 R. Wever Lusty Juventus sig. E.i To confesse his wretchednes he was not agast. 1637 T. Jackson Diverse Serm. 47 Amongst the wofull spectacles..men..more agast to embrace their dearest friends or nearest kinsfolks, then to graspe an adder, or a snake. †(e) With of (the object of anxiety). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 2870 (MED) Þey weron payned þere alle þat day, þat of hurre lyff þey weron sore agast. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xii. l. 404 For Of here lyves they weren Agaste. (f) With at (an occurrence). Also with infinitive of a verb of perception. ΚΠ a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 240 (MED) Þes fendes madyn a ȝellyng and a cryyng, þat any myght be agast forto here hit. 1575 P. Beverley Hist. Ariodanto & Ieneura (new ed.) sig. H.v^v The traueler, agast to heare, these straunge and careful newes, Doth feele his vitall senses fayleand falles in mortall mewse. 1640 R. Brathwait Ar't Asleepe Husband? 194 Leaena,..conspiring..against the Tyrant Hippeas, stood not agast at the death of her Friends. 1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 276 A-gast, affrighted, as it were at the sight of a Ghost. a1781 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip III (1783) i. 12 The garrison stood aghast at this unforeseen disaster. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. ii. 198 The bishop fell on his knees, aghast at the terrible decree. 1939 P. Lindsay Mirror for Ruffians iii. 72 Hildebrand, later Gregory VII..was aghast to see the decay of his church. 2007 Guardian 27 Jan. (Guide Suppl.) 52/1 Aghast at the sheer swivel-eyed horror of the new episodes, several US commentators have condemned the show. b. Of a person's features or expression: expressing fear, consternation, or shock. Also with with (the emotion). ΚΠ a1618 J. Sylvester tr. Bethulians Rescue in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 984 Let's think (alas!) how now all Iuda's Eyes, Agast, are cast upon our Constancies. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 616 With shuddring horror pale, and eyes agast . View more context for this quotation 1728 J. Ralph Night iv. 68 Forsaken on the desert strand, Some hapless seaman views with eyes aghast..all the less'ning sails. a1774 R. Fergusson Poems Var. Subj. (1779) 102 Cowardice alone condemns the light, That shews her countenance aghast and pale. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. x. 368 Their countenances aghast with terror. 1905 Chambers's Jrnl. 8 699/1 His face aghast with inexpressible horror. 1915 E. Miller Daybreak i. 13 Instantly the three..whirled upon each other with faces aghast, halted one petrified second, and then fled as if the wind had blown them away. 2010 Herald (Glasgow) 10 Aug. (Features) 13 I remember the suitably aghast expression of one friend when she discovered I wouldn't be getting a fake tan for my wedding day. †2. = ghastly adj. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective] blatec1000 whiteOE greena1275 blakec1275 bleykea1300 wana1300 palec1330 bleach1340 pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374 colourlessc1380 deadlyc1385 deadc1386 bloodlessc1450 earthlyc1460 ruddylessc1460 wan visaged?a1513 wanny1555 as pale or white as a clout1557 bleak1566 mealy1566 pale-faced1570 ghastly1574 white-faced1577 bleakish1581 pallid1590 whiggish1590 tallow-faced1592 maid-pale1597 lily1600 whey-colour1602 lew1611 roseless1611 Hippocratical1615 cadaverousa1661 Hippocratic1681 smock-faced1684 white-looked1690 livid1728 as white (or pale) as a sheet1752 squalid1753 deathly1791 etiolated1791 light-skinned1802 suety1803 shilpit1813 blanched1828 tallowy1830 suet-faced1834 pasty1836 tallowish1838 whey-faced1847 pasty-faced1848 aghast1850 waxen1853 complexionless1863 light-skin1877 lily-cheeked1877 lardy1879 wan-faced1881 exsanguinous1889 wheatish1950 1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 161 Dead things that look aghast By the daylight. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). aghastv. Brit. /əˈɡɑːst/, /əˈɡast/, U.S. /əˈɡæst/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: aghast adj. Etymology: < aghast adj. Compare earlier agast v. (consciousness of which may have motivated the use in quot. 1876). Compare also aghasted adj., aghasting n., aghasting adj., aghastment n. rare. transitive. To frighten, dismay, or shock; to make aghast. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > dismay dismay1297 amayc1330 mayc1380 esmay1393 asmayc1420 formayc1470 esbay1480 astonish1535 appal1548 consternate1651 repall1687 aghast1876 1876 H. A. Stuart Ben Nebo (ed. 2) 111 Memory o'er thee casts A tale that sense aghasts. 1935 Helena (Montana) Independent 15 Dec. 12/6 By this time you should have your audience completely awed and can settle down to aghasting them with such nuggets and pearls as these. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1300v.1876
随便看	silvery gade silvery gibbon silvery gull silvery hair-grass silvery hair-tail silvery hairgrass silvery hairtail silvery hawk silvery honeysuckle silvery iron silvery oak silvery pout silvery salmon silvery shrew mole silvery-eyed silvery-green silvery-leaved silvery-lined silvery-sided silvery-silken silvery-tongued silvery-white silveryeyed silverygreen silveryleaved

aghastadj.

aghastv.