coercionn.

/kəʊˈəːʃən/

Forms: Middle English–1500s cohercion, cohercyon, 1500s cohersion, 1500s–1600s coertion, 1500s– coercion.

Etymology: < Old French cohercion, cohertion (modern French coercion), < Latin coerctiōnem, coertiōnem, in mediæval spelling coerciōnem, a by-form (on the analogy of the simple arcēre, arctum, arctiōnem) of coercitiōn-em, < coercit- participial stem of coercēre to restrain, coerce. The current spelling is deceptive, suggesting formation < coerce + -ion. This no doubt led to the retention of the c when all other words with the mediaeval spelling -cion, were altered to the Latin type in -tion. The pronunciation also is the same as that of words in -tion, -sion.

I. The action of coercing.

a. Constraint, restraint, compulsion; the application of force to control the action of a voluntary agent.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun]

needeOE

distressc1384

force1387

stressc1390

artingc1400

coactionc1400

constrainauncec1400

compulsion1462

enforcement1477

coercion1495

forcement1524

enforcing1531

strain1532

constraint1533

coercement1592

constrainment1593

duress1596

compulse1616

obligement1641

cogency1702

coercive control1827

steamrolling1879

compression1880

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 36 Preamble Such..releasses..were made by compulcion, cohercion and emprisonement.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. viii. sig. Diij That a noble childe, by his owne naturall disposition, and nat by coertion, may be induced to receiue perfect instruction in these sciences.

1537 Inst. Christen Man (new ed.) L v b Noo man may kyll, or use suche bodily cohercion, but onely princis.

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie viii. iii. §4 To fly to the civil magistrate for coercion of those that will not otherwise be reformed.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 270 Winning men to obedience, not by Coercion, and Punishing; but by Perswasion.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xx. 185 By strong coercion of our arms subdued.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty i. 21 The moral coercion of public opinion.

1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. 283 Justice is degraded by..the coercion of juries.

1879 G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (ed. 7) ii. 17 Judicious coercion, so employed that the brute obeys the man without knowing why.

b. Forcible restraint of (action).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]

havingeOE

holdc1230

withholdingc1386

restrainingc1390

refraininga1398

repression?a1425

repressing1431

bridlingc1443

restraint1443

restrainc1449

repressurec1487

restingc1503

abstention1521

controlling1523

controlment1525

distrain1531

staying1563

control1564

refrain1568

retention1578

check1579

restrainment1579

refranation1583

cohibition1586

withholdment1640

curbing1661

coercion1827

chastenment1882

detent1907

clamp-down1940

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 748 A more uniform administration of justice in ordinary cases, a stricter coercion of outrage.

†c. The enforcement or execution of an ecclesiastical sentence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > enforcement or execution of sentence

coercion1546

1546 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 17 in Enactments Parl. conc. Univ. Oxf. & Cambr. (1869) 23 May laufully execute and exercise all manner of jurisdiccion commonly called ecclesiasticall jurisdiccion and all censures and coertions apperteyninge..unto the same.

a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) ii. 34 The Coertion or Execution of the Sentence in Ecclesiastical Courts, is only by Excommunication of the Person contumatious.

2. Government by force, as opposed to that which rests upon the will of the community governed; the employment of force to suppress political disaffection and the disorder to which it gives rise. In modern English politics, chiefly applied to the suspension of ordinary constitutional liberties, and other exceptional legislation, from time to time applied to Ireland. Coercion Act, Coercion Bill: popular name for the Act of Parliament of 1833 and various subsequent ones.As the word has had, in later times, a bad flavour, suggesting the application of force as a remedy, or its employment against the general sense of a community, it is now usually avoided by those who approve of the action in question.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > other systems > [noun] > by force

chirocracy1677

command1693

coercion1798

cannonarchy1841

buckshot-rule1881

1798 A. O'Connor in Madden United Irishmen (1843) 2nd Ser. II. xiv. 322 The recall of Lord Fitzwilliam..the renewal of the reign of terror and coercion.

1832 C. Napier Life in Pall Mall Gaz. (1887) 19 Oct. 9/1 Coercion, damnable coercion! What has been the ruin of Ireland but this accursed coercion.

1833 Viscount Palmerston Let. 21 Mar. in H. L. Bulwer Life Palmerston (1870) II. x. 148 Few absolute Governments could by their own authority establish such a system of coercion as that which the freely chosen representatives of the people are placing at the command of the Government of this country.

1880 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 23 Nov. in Life II. vi. 272 Like myself..driven with the utmost reluctance to take the side of coercion.

1888 Duke of Argyll Let. in Times 9 Nov. 9/6 The cant which brands as ‘coercion’ that which is the duty of every Government.

attributive.1834 Palmerston in Bulwer Life (1870) II. 205 The Coercion Bill will pass without much difficulty.1848 W. J. O'N. Daunt Recoll. O'Connell II. App. 306 The Coercion Act of 1833 was passed by an English Parliament in defiance of a majority of Irish members.1875 M. F. Cusack Speeches of Liberator I. Introd. 9 One of his most powerful speeches was on the subject of Coercion Laws for Ireland.1880 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 26 Dec. My draft Coercion, or, as it may be called..Protection Bill.1881 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 20 Nov. My replacement by some one not tarred by the coercion brush.

3. Physical pressure; compression.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun]

distressc1384

press?1440

presseragec1450

thresting1481

thringing1483

thrust1513

squass1528

pressionc1540

squizing1565

pressure1601

squeezing1611

squishing1647

contrusiona1691

coercion1830

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. iii. i. 233 Hay..reduced to such a state of coercion as to be easily packed on board transports.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xl. 370 We have passed, by the inevitable coercion of ice from the highest regions of Arctic exploration..to the lowest.

1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 38 This violent coercion and tight bandaging.

II. The power of coercion.

†4.

a. The faculty or power of coercing or punishing; ‘coercitive power’ or ‘jurisdiction’. (So Latin coercitio.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > faculty, power, or quality of

coercion1523

necessity1529

strong arm?1548

coerciveness1727

coactivity1738

c1189 Herbert de Boseham Vita S. Thomæ iii. xxiv, in Materials Becket (Rolls) III. 268 Sacrosancta ecclesia..duos habet reges..duas jurisdictiones et duas coertiones.]

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxii. 259 [They are] to be at the jurysdiction and cohercyon of the Churche of Rome.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iii. vi. 278 In vaine is that power which is not inabled with coertion.

1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 907 They submitted themselves to the Jurisdiction and Coertion of the Archbishop.

b. figurative. Conviction, power to compel assent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > [noun] > power to convince

faitha1393

force1551

coercion1768

1768 L. Sterne Serm. iv. 67 The single hint of the Camel and what a very narrow passage he has to go, has more coercion in it, than all the seesaws of philosophy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	coercion
释义	coercionn. /kəʊˈəːʃən/ Forms: Middle English–1500s cohercion, cohercyon, 1500s cohersion, 1500s–1600s coertion, 1500s– coercion. Etymology: < Old French cohercion, cohertion (modern French coercion), < Latin coerctiōnem, coertiōnem, in mediæval spelling coerciōnem, a by-form (on the analogy of the simple arcēre, arctum, arctiōnem) of coercitiōn-em, < coercit- participial stem of coercēre to restrain, coerce. The current spelling is deceptive, suggesting formation < coerce + -ion. This no doubt led to the retention of the c when all other words with the mediaeval spelling -cion, were altered to the Latin type in -tion. The pronunciation also is the same as that of words in -tion, -sion. I. The action of coercing. 1. a. Constraint, restraint, compulsion; the application of force to control the action of a voluntary agent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] needeOE distressc1384 force1387 stressc1390 artingc1400 coactionc1400 constrainauncec1400 compulsion1462 enforcement1477 coercion1495 forcement1524 enforcing1531 strain1532 constraint1533 coercement1592 constrainment1593 duress1596 compulse1616 obligement1641 cogency1702 coercive control1827 steamrolling1879 compression1880 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 36 Preamble Such..releasses..were made by compulcion, cohercion and emprisonement. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. viii. sig. Diij That a noble childe, by his owne naturall disposition, and nat by coertion, may be induced to receiue perfect instruction in these sciences. 1537 Inst. Christen Man (new ed.) L v b Noo man may kyll, or use suche bodily cohercion, but onely princis. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie viii. iii. §4 To fly to the civil magistrate for coercion of those that will not otherwise be reformed. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 270 Winning men to obedience, not by Coercion, and Punishing; but by Perswasion. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xx. 185 By strong coercion of our arms subdued. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty i. 21 The moral coercion of public opinion. 1876 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. 283 Justice is degraded by..the coercion of juries. 1879 G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (ed. 7) ii. 17 Judicious coercion, so employed that the brute obeys the man without knowing why. b. Forcible restraint of (action). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] havingeOE holdc1230 withholdingc1386 restrainingc1390 refraininga1398 repression?a1425 repressing1431 bridlingc1443 restraint1443 restrainc1449 repressurec1487 restingc1503 abstention1521 controlling1523 controlment1525 distrain1531 staying1563 control1564 refrain1568 retention1578 check1579 restrainment1579 refranation1583 cohibition1586 withholdment1640 curbing1661 coercion1827 chastenment1882 detent1907 clamp-down1940 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 748 A more uniform administration of justice in ordinary cases, a stricter coercion of outrage. †c. The enforcement or execution of an ecclesiastical sentence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > enforcement or execution of sentence coercion1546 1546 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 17 in Enactments Parl. conc. Univ. Oxf. & Cambr. (1869) 23 May laufully execute and exercise all manner of jurisdiccion commonly called ecclesiasticall jurisdiccion and all censures and coertions apperteyninge..unto the same. a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) ii. 34 The Coertion or Execution of the Sentence in Ecclesiastical Courts, is only by Excommunication of the Person contumatious. 2. Government by force, as opposed to that which rests upon the will of the community governed; the employment of force to suppress political disaffection and the disorder to which it gives rise. In modern English politics, chiefly applied to the suspension of ordinary constitutional liberties, and other exceptional legislation, from time to time applied to Ireland. Coercion Act, Coercion Bill: popular name for the Act of Parliament of 1833 and various subsequent ones.As the word has had, in later times, a bad flavour, suggesting the application of force as a remedy, or its employment against the general sense of a community, it is now usually avoided by those who approve of the action in question. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > other systems > [noun] > by force chirocracy1677 command1693 coercion1798 cannonarchy1841 buckshot-rule1881 1798 A. O'Connor in Madden United Irishmen (1843) 2nd Ser. II. xiv. 322 The recall of Lord Fitzwilliam..the renewal of the reign of terror and coercion. 1832 C. Napier Life in Pall Mall Gaz. (1887) 19 Oct. 9/1 Coercion, damnable coercion! What has been the ruin of Ireland but this accursed coercion. 1833 Viscount Palmerston Let. 21 Mar. in H. L. Bulwer Life Palmerston (1870) II. x. 148 Few absolute Governments could by their own authority establish such a system of coercion as that which the freely chosen representatives of the people are placing at the command of the Government of this country. 1880 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 23 Nov. in Life II. vi. 272 Like myself..driven with the utmost reluctance to take the side of coercion. 1888 Duke of Argyll Let. in Times 9 Nov. 9/6 The cant which brands as ‘coercion’ that which is the duty of every Government. attributive.1834 Palmerston in Bulwer Life (1870) II. 205 The Coercion Bill will pass without much difficulty.1848 W. J. O'N. Daunt Recoll. O'Connell II. App. 306 The Coercion Act of 1833 was passed by an English Parliament in defiance of a majority of Irish members.1875 M. F. Cusack Speeches of Liberator I. Introd. 9 One of his most powerful speeches was on the subject of Coercion Laws for Ireland.1880 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 26 Dec. My draft Coercion, or, as it may be called..Protection Bill.1881 W. E. Forster Let. Gladstone 20 Nov. My replacement by some one not tarred by the coercion brush. 3. Physical pressure; compression. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun] distressc1384 press?1440 presseragec1450 thresting1481 thringing1483 thrust1513 squass1528 pressionc1540 squizing1565 pressure1601 squeezing1611 squishing1647 contrusiona1691 coercion1830 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. iii. i. 233 Hay..reduced to such a state of coercion as to be easily packed on board transports. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xl. 370 We have passed, by the inevitable coercion of ice from the highest regions of Arctic exploration..to the lowest. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 38 This violent coercion and tight bandaging. II. The power of coercion. †4. a. The faculty or power of coercing or punishing; ‘coercitive power’ or ‘jurisdiction’. (So Latin coercitio.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [noun] > faculty, power, or quality of coercion1523 necessity1529 strong arm?1548 coerciveness1727 coactivity1738 c1189 Herbert de Boseham Vita S. Thomæ iii. xxiv, in Materials Becket (Rolls) III. 268 Sacrosancta ecclesia..duos habet reges..duas jurisdictiones et duas coertiones.] 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxii. 259 [They are] to be at the jurysdiction and cohercyon of the Churche of Rome. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iii. vi. 278 In vaine is that power which is not inabled with coertion. 1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 907 They submitted themselves to the Jurisdiction and Coertion of the Archbishop. b. figurative. Conviction, power to compel assent. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > [noun] > power to convince faitha1393 force1551 coercion1768 1768 L. Sterne Serm. iv. 67 The single hint of the Camel and what a very narrow passage he has to go, has more coercion in it, than all the seesaws of philosophy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1495
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