cognateadj.n.
/ˈkɒɡneɪt/, U.S. /ˈkɑɡˌneɪt/ A. adj.
1. Descended from a common ancestor; of the same stock or family.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective]
sibeOE
ysibbeOE
belengc1175
sibc1175
kinda1325
by-sybbec1440
evenkinc1450
of kin1486
sibbeda1500
akinc1515
kindred1530
allied1577
affined1586
cousin1590
kin1600
related1650
cognate1827
our1836
affinitative1855
relatival1899
1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 78 Some of their cognate tribes.
1864 J. F. Kirk Hist. Charles the Bold (U.S. ed.) II. iv. ii. 251 The barriers between cognate states.
1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 60 Agnates are..persons who are of kin through males,—cognate, as it were, through the father.
2.
a. Of languages: Descended from the same original language; of the same linguistic family. Of words: Coming naturally from the same root, or representing the same original word, with differences due to subsequent separate phonetic development; thus, English five, Latin quinque, Greek πέντε, are cognate words, representing a primitive *pénke.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > related
cognate1827
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [adjective] > derivative > derived from the same root
paronymous1656
conjugate1862
cognate1868
paronymic1890
1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 61 A cognate language.
1837 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) II. 19 A cognate dialect of the Berber speech.
1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) ii. 58 The cognate word agrios appears to have gone through the same process as agrestis and argeios.
b. Grammar. cognate object or accusative: An object of kindred sense or derivation; spec. that which may adverbially follow an intransitive verb, as in ‘to die the death’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > object > specific
dative object1831
cognate object or accusative1874
retained object1875
direct object1879
indirect object1879
recipient1899
person-object1928
1874 H. J. Roby Gram. Latin Lang. II. iv. viii. 40 The extent of action of the verb may be expressed by a substantive of the same meaning as the verb (Cognate accusative).
1876 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §372 What is often termed the cognate accusative (or objective) (as in ‘to run a race’) should more properly be classed among the adverbial adjuncts.
3. gen. Akin in origin; allied in nature, and hence, akin in quality; kindred, related, connected, having affinity. (Const. with, rarely to.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected
fastOE
of kin1486
akin1548
alliant1551
consortinga1592
kin1600
conjugate1605
consanguineousa1616
social1620
related1623
relatea1627
connex1653
cognate1655
agnate1686
contiguous1770
connected1789
allied1794
adjoining1869
1655 J. Howell 4th Vol. Familiar Lett. l. 120 Which atomes..never rest till they meet with som pores proportionable and cognate unto their figures.
1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica iii. iii. 455 Comets and Fiery Meteors are cognate.
1785 T. Warton in J. Milton Poems (new ed.) 192 (note) Imbrute, I believe, is a word of Milton's coinage. So was the cognate compound ‘imparadised’ supposed to be.
1821 R. Southey Vision of Judgem. vi. 24 Honouring each in the other Kindred courage and virtue, and cognate knowledge and freedom.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues II. 347 Geometry and the cognate sciences.
B. n.
1.
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a. Roman Law. One related by blood to another; a kinsman; plural those descended from the same ancestor, whether through males or females. Thus distinguished from agnate, which was limited to legal relationship through the father only, though including relationship by adoption. Hence
b. Scots Law. A relative on the mother's side as opposed to an agnate.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > maternal kinsman
cognate1754
1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. vii. 79 The custody of the pupil's person..is..committed to the mother while a widow, until the pupil be seven years old; and failing the mother, to the nearest cognate.
1754 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. I. i. vii. §3 We understand by agnates all those who are related by the father..and by cognates those who are related by the mother.
a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1879) II. xxxvi. 631 [The mother] could not succeed to..[the son] as an agnat though she could succeed to him as his cognat.
1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 61 Those who are of kin through females are not agnates, but merely by natural law cognates.
c. Hindu Law and Muslim Law. A relative of a deceased person through the mother (see also quot. 1949).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > maternal kinsman > of deceased person
cognate1902
1902 in Encycl. Brit. XXIX. 281/2.
1949 A. A. A. Fyzee Outl. Muhammadan Law 344 A cognate is a person related to the deceased through one or more female links; for example, the daughter's son or the daughter's daughter, the mother's father or the father's mother's father.
1963 J. D. M. Derrett Introd. Mod. Hindu Law 379 If no agnate can be found (and one may search back through any number of degrees), then the mother's brother's son or other cognates will take the inheritance in order of priority.
2. A cognate word, term, or thing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > derivation > state of being derived from same word > word which
conjugatea1586
paronym1846
cognate1865
1865 Sat. Rev. 11 Feb. 181 Reckoning the words which we have put in italics as Latin derivatives, merely because they happen to have Latin cognates!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1655