单词 | commitment |
释义 | commitmentn. 1. a. (a) The action or an act of placing a person in custody or confinement, esp. as a punishment or while awaiting trial; committal to a place of incarceration, correction, etc.; imprisonment, detention. Cf. committal n. 2a(a) (now the more usual word in this sense). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [noun] > custody > consigning to commitment1579 committal1617 1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule iii. xxxi. 62 An order of commitment for meane felows and suche Roags. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1410/2 The earles commitment from his house in S. Martins to the Tower of London. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 25 His warrant to the Keeper of Newgate for the comittment of Roberte Moore. 1645 Marquis of Worcester in H. Dircks Life, Times & Sci. Labours 2nd Marquis Worcs. (1865) viii. 127 Since my commitment to the Castle of Dublin. 1688 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 241 No Order to keepe him under Commitment. 1733 I. Maddox Vindic. Govt. Church of Eng. App. 343 There are several Particulars in Mr. Johnson's Character, as well as that unreverent Behaviour which..was said to be the Cause of his Commitment. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iv. xxii. 297 In this dubious interval between the commitment and trial, a prisoner ought to be used with the utmost humanity. 1824 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 40/1 This..makes every simple commitment more terrible than a conviction. 1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) viii. 65 Warrants of commitment to the Tower. 1883 19th Cent. May 904 Juvenile commitments for crime have largely diminished. 1905 First Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Training School for Girls 4 The Penal Code was amended..so as to authorize the commitment of delinquent girls under the age of sixteen..to the New York State Training School for Girls. 1965 Univ. Chicago Law Rev. 32 269 States whose penalty provision was not limited to recaption of persons released from criminal commitment. 2014 States News Service (Nexis) 11 Aug. This assessment must occur within 48 hours of the person's commitment to jail. (b) The action of placing a person in an institution (now esp. a psychiatric hospital) for care or treatment; esp. the action of causing a person to be compulsorily detained in such an institution. Also: the state of being so detained; the period of detention. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping > putting incapable person into another's care committor1692 committal1794 commitment1826 1826 Papers & Corr. 26 68 The governor has..authority..to give orders and directions for preparing grants for the custody or commitment of lunatics. 1850 Jrnl. Psychol. Med. & Mental Pathol. 3 463 The judge issues his warrant for the commitment of the insane persons to the lunatic asylum. 1893 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 538 The act of the Assembly..allowing the State Hospital at Morganton to receive inebriates under commitment..has been in operation two years. 1914 Summary of State Laws Relating to Dependent Classes 1913 xiv. 90 No person of bad repute or character, apart from the habit for which commitment is made, shall be sent to the state hospital for inebriates. 1962 K. Kesey One flew over Cuckoo's Nest (1973) 143 Nobody's asked him for a thing since they found out that he was trying to behave to keep his commitment from being extended. 2007 Ancestry Jan. 29/3 Because Washington territory did not have an insane asylum until 1871, most people for whom the court ordered commitment were put on a ship to Oregon or California. b. concrete. A warrant or order for the imprisonment or detention of a person. Cf. committal n. 2b. Now rare (chiefly North American in later use). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs ordering imprisonment commandment1590 commitment1646 committal1760 detainer1836 1646 A. Leighton Epitome or Briefe Discov. iii. 16 He was carried to Newgate without examination; and there shut up close prisoner in a strait smoakey room..being denyed all the time the coppie of his Commitment. ?1682 H. Care Eng. Liberties 130 Any person on the prisoners behalf, carrying such true Copy of the Commitment to the Lord Chancellor..he shall Grant an Habeas Corpus, or forfeit 500l. to the prisoner. a1753 P. Drake Memoirs (1755) I. xv. 142 We..chose Newgate, and a Commitment was ordered to be drawn accordingly. 1794 T. Walker Rev. Polit. Events Manch. 102 Mr. Griffith then asked me if I had any bail. I answered, I thought I should have in the morning, but it was very late. He said ‘Oh! well then,’ and immediately signed my commitment. 1817 Ld. Folkestone in Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 36 941 The name or names of the persons who signed the commitment. 1836 F. Marryat Japhet III. v. 49 My commitment to the county gaol was made out. 1891 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 5 Jan. 4/4 The authority of the gaol governor is the ‘commitment’ made out by the Clerk of the Peace and signed by the judge. 1912 Minnesota Rep. 117 177 The judge signed the commitment as such, instead of the clerk. 1974 Guidelines to Volunteer Services (N.Y. State, Dept. Correctional Services) 34 Commitment, the warrant by which a court or magistrate directs an officer to take a person to prison. 2. The action of referring a matter for consideration by another person or group; spec. the action of referring or sending a legislative or parliamentary bill, motion, resolution, etc., for consideration by a committee. Cf. commit v. 5. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > [noun] > referring to committee committing1463 commitment?1601 committal1779 ?1601 H. Townshend in T. E. Hartley Proc. Parl. Elizabeth I (1995) III. 378 It was put to the question when the committment should be, and agreed tomorrowe, being Saterdaye in the afternoone in this Howse. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) III. 190 The proper question before you is the commitment of this Bill. Now how shall you commit it? 1733 E. Budgell Bee No. 82. 127 I do not stand up, Sir, to trouble you with any Arguments against the Commitment of the Bill, other Gentleman having before spoke sufficiently to that Point. a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George III (1845) II. vi. 128 Mr. Conway..advised deferring the motion till the day of the commitment. 1800 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) III. 448 They have got their judiciary bill forwarded to commitment. 1870 Earl Stanhope Hist. Eng. II. 102 Upon the commitment got a sufficient party to add such a Clause. 1909 M. J. Griffin in Cambr. Mod. Hist. XI. xiii. 467 On December 17 the commitment of the Bill was rejected by a majority of nineteen. 1986 G. Holmes Politics, Relig. & Society in Eng. i. v. 111 The next division on the same day on the commitment of the bill was carried by a majority of 102 after many Tory M.P.s had flocked into the House. 3. The action of entrusting a thing, matter, person, etc., to the care, custody, or charge of another; the action of transferring responsibility for or control over something to another. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping fastingeOE recommendation1483 commendation1583 committance1593 commitment1602 entrustment1634 entrusting1642 betrust1656 committal1802 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xvii. 229 In commitment of portions appertaining to persons Lunatike or Orphans, the Gentlemen of their blood are to be trusted, before any person of meaner qualitie, and likewise in their marriages. 1677 R. Cary Palæologia Chronica ii. ii. ii. iii. 211 To forbear the Commitment of his Fathers Government unto him. a1714 F. Brokesby Life H. Dodwell (1715) xxi. 261 The Commitment of the Courses of Ithamar to him [sc. Zadoc], which were not under him before, but were managed by Abiathar. 1787 J. Mitford Treat. Pleadings Suits Chancery (ed. 2) 28 The care and commitment of the custody of the persons and estates of idiots and lunatics are the prerogative of the crown. 1853 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 20 516 The irrevocable commitment of the public welfare..to the numerical majority. 1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 896 The Lords Justices..entrusted..with the care and commitment of the custody of idiots and lunatics. 1907 Washington Post 17 Feb. 12/1 Papers for the child's commitment to the care of the Marquis de Montferriers and his wife..were prepared to-day. 1979 N.Y. Amsterdam News 4 Aug. 48/3 Forrest Warrington and John Edward Stanton, the persons interested in the commitment of the custody and guardianship of..Theresa Goddard. 1991 N.Y. Amsterdam News 30 Mar. 45/2 (advt.) Your failure to appear shall constitute a denial of an interest in the children, which denial may result in the transfer or commitment of the children's care. 4. The action or an act of committing or perpetrating a crime, offence, error, etc. Cf. commit v. 9. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > of something bad perpetrationc1429 committing1463 commissionc1485 commitment1611 perpetrating1615 committal1616 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > wrongful deed > [noun] > performance of committing1463 commissionc1485 commitment1611 committal1616 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xx. 737/2 The commitment of that parricide. 1652 W. Durham Maran-atha 18 The outward acts and grosser commitments of sin. 1738 Common Sense (1739) II. 71 To prevent the frequent Commitment of new Crimes. 1822 Philanthropist 11 Dec. 2/2 There should be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, otherwise than as a punishment for the commitment of crimes. 1881 Students' Jrnl. & Hosp. Gaz. 7 May 102/1 With regard to the commitment of crimes by persons during lucid intervals..medical jurists have decided that no person should be convicted under these circumstances. 1904 Proc. Isthmian Canal Comm. 16 Persons charged with the commitment of crimes, felonies or misdemeanors without said zone. 1910 Science 26 Aug. 275/1 An exact copy of his table would have saved the commitment of at least one grave error. 2014 L. J. Siegel & C. Bartollas Corrections Today (ed. 2) iii. 74 A violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime can result in the revocation of probation. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > [noun] > commencement of commitment1645 committal1772 engaging1803 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 36 To be made the commitment, and close fight of enmity and hate. 6. a. The action or an act of obligating or binding oneself or another to a particular course of action, policy, etc.; the action of giving an undertaking, either explicitly or by implication. Also: an undertaking or pledge of this kind. Cf. commit v. 15a, commit v. 15b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > obligation or commitment seala1300 obligationc1325 commitment1789 committal1835 1789 G. Washington Diary 8 Oct. (1925) IV. 17 If Mr Gouv'r Morris was employed in this business, it would be a commitment for his employment as Minister. 1793 T. Jefferson Let. 7 Sept. in Papers (1997) XXVII. 58 Urge one [sc. an answer] as much as you can without commitment. 1839 Merchants' Mag. Aug. 192 Prudent merchants will husband their resources, be chary of their means, and extremely cautious in their commitments for some time to come. 1871 Daily News 9 Feb. An unreserved and open commitment to measures of Reform. 1946 R. P. Warren All King's Men (1953) i. 50 I didn't make any commitment except to my cousins. 1973 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 Mar. p. xvi/1 This is an opportunity to do a period of general practice without further commitment and with no previous experience necessary. 2012 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 9 Oct. While management is confident that approval will be granted, no commitment has, however, been received. b. An act or course of action to which a person is bound or obligated; an obligation, responsibility; a liability; an engagement. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [noun] > a duty or moral necessity needOE deedc1400 necessitya1500 office1534 work (also duty) of necessitya1602 incumbency?1608 remorsea1616 incumbence1684 call1704 commitment1837 calling1857 geis1965 society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [noun] > a binding undertaking commitment1837 the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > engagement tailyec1425 trystc1480 appointment1533 restipulation1595 pre-engagement1647 ingudgment1650 sponsion1677 engagement1806 commitment1837 date1885 booking1975 1837 Globe (Washington, D.C.) 25 Apr. The vast extent of pecuniary commitments into which the dealers had ventured. 1864 B. Disraeli in Daily Tel. 22 Sept. The commitments of the country are too great..we have entered into engagements which it is difficult to fulfil. 1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 July 5/2 Money is of course easy still, as there are no fresh commitments. 1949 Ann. Math. 50 401 Various other commitments prevented the author from effecting some changes, which he had intended to carry out before publishing the paper. 1955 Stanford Law Rev. 7 453 The failure to perform a contractual commitment is not necessarily such an illegal practice. 2014 Daily Tel. 21 Mar. 9/3 I've got a house, I've got kids, I've got commitments, there's only so far I can go on salary. 7. a. The state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, ideology, activity, etc.; the action of devoting oneself to something or someone; devotion, dedication. Cf. commit v. 15c. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [noun] > dedication dedicationa1616 devotedness1668 engagedness1668 commitment1897 1897 C. H. Parkhurst Talks Young Men 10 To know a truth, and then to have our heart throb in warm appreciation of it and strong commitment to it, makes power. 1912 Hartford Seminary Rec. 22 173 The man in whose ears the applause of the world has become sweet is never more the power for Jesus Christ that he has been ere that declension subtracted from the wholeness of his commitment to his task. 1945 C. S. Lewis That Hideous Strength (1965) iv. 93 The feeblest of these people here has the tragic sense of life, the ruthlessness, the total commitment, the readiness to sacrifice all merely human values, which I could not find amid all the nauseating cant of the organised religions. 1971 Science 19 Nov. 784/3 Biological parenthood..fosters and supports in parents an adequate concern for and commitment to their children. 2012 Buses Apr. 8/2 His commitment was total, and he never wavered from his passionate commitment to serving the customer. b. Originally Philosophy. In the existentialist philosophy of Sartre: the action of engaging with the world or committing oneself to a social or political cause, esp. activism undertaken in pursuit of social or political freedom. In extended use (in the context of art or aesthetics): the action of addressing or actively involving oneself with social and political questions as the focus or purpose of literary or artistic endeavour; political or social consciousness in writing, art, etc. [After French engagement (compare engagement n. 4c).] ΘΚΠ society > morality > [noun] > moral seriousness in art committedness1884 commitment1948 engagement1948 society > leisure > the arts > artist > [noun] > involvement in social or political issues committedness1884 commitment1948 engagement1948 1948 P. Mairet tr. J.-P. Sartre Existentialism & Humanism 16 [An] important Sartrean concept—engagement—is here translated as ‘commitment’. 1948 P. Mairet tr. J.-P. Sartre Existentialism & Humanism 47 At the very heart..of existentialism, is the absolute character of the free commitment, by which every man realises himself. 1955 H. Read Grass Roots of Art (ed. 2) iv. 84 This demand for the commitment, or ‘engagement’, of the artist..originated in communist ideology. 1983 SubStance 12 64 This assimilation of esthetic practice to social practice has been most systematically argued in our time by Sartre, whose notion of commitment or engagement prompted the existentialist critique of solipsistic estheticism. 2003 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 26 96 Paintings by artists such as Picasso and Léger and the writings of Eluard and Sartre are inseparable from notions of commitment. c. The state or condition of being committed to a partner in a long-term romantic relationship; the action or an act of committing to such a relationship. Cf. commit v. 15e. ΚΠ 1962 Guardian 23 Sept. 14/4 ‘The Mark’ tells the story of a man who is strongly attracted to small girls because of his fear of commitment to an adult woman. 1966 N.Y. Times 16 Oct. 30/1 [Sexual] intercourse is so significant that it cannot be separated from love and long-term commitment without the partners, and society, suffering some harm. 1977 Ebony Dec. 96/1 If you want to make a commitment, go ahead and make a commitment. But shacking is not a commitment. 1985 N.Y. New Amsterdam News 28 Sept. 15/1 In looking for commitment people are advised to first define exactly what they want. 1996 Population & Devel. Rev. 22 88 The level of commitment between men and women is the key variable missing in the current study of fertility. 2007 J. Shalvis Trouble with Paradise i. 11 Actually she was scared of dancing with old guys with wandering hands. She was not scared of commitment. 8. a. The action or an act of assigning, dedicating, or devoting resources to a particular purpose or project. Cf. commit v. 16b. ΚΠ 1904 Intercollegian Oct. 12/2 On the eve of sailing for the field, an examination of my motives for the commitment of my life to missionary service reveals in part the following. 1971 Financial Times 2 Mar. 15/1 The atmosphere of good will that normally surrounds the commitment of money to new and rapidly growing ventures. 1989 R. A. Boydston in R. Torrence Time, Energy, & Stone Tools 71/1 Production of a tool requires a commitment of time that is then unavailable for alternative activities. 2005 Innovation Policy & Econ. 5 59 Typically, politicians and civic leaders focus on some emerging, high-growth industry with great fanfare, high-profile events, and the commitment of substantial public resources. b. spec. The action or an act of sending or deploying troops to a particular location, or to carry out a particular operation or task. Cf. commit v. 16a. ΚΠ 1920 Canad. Almanac 408/2 There was in March, 1919, a large commitment of the Air Force for the armies of the Rhine. 1945 Gen. Marshall’s Rep.: Winning War in Europe & Pacific 78/1 The enemy was forced into a piecemeal commitment of his troops. 1976 F. A. Youngs Proclam. Tudor Queens iv. 81 Elizabeth's commitment of troops to the Low Countries in 1585 signaled the beginning of outright hostilities with Spain. 2014 Australian (Nexis) 13 June 8 You would need a major commitment of military forces to make a difference. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 1, later esp. sense 1a(b)), as commitment hearing, commitment papers, commitment proceedings, commitment warrant, etc. ΚΠ 1710 J. Lilly Contin. Pract. Register II. 10 If any Person shall be committed or detained for any Crime but Treason or Felony, plainly express'd in the Commitment Warrant, in Vacation Time, [etc.]. 1857 Morning Chron. 6 June 8/1 It was..[the sergeant in charge of a police van's] business..immediately on his arrival at the various police courts, to present his commitment papers. 1867 Wrexham & Denbighshire Advertiser 19 Jan. 8/5 There were five adjourned commitment hearings. 1887 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 16 Jan. 6/2 The court found several informalities..in the commitment proceedings and ordered the prisoner's release. 1919 Med. World Dec. 432/1 These errors in commitment papers are rarely corrected in the hospital. 1951 San Antonio (Texas) Express 17 June 4 b/4 If a prostitute doesn't show up as scheduled for her treatments.., a commitment warrant for her arrest can be issued by the health officer. 2013 J. A. Holstein in J. F. Gubrium & M. Järvinen Turning Troubles into Probl. iv. xii. 193 Typically, commitment proceedings begin with a 72-hour hold period for evaluation and treatment in a psychiatric facility. C2. commitment ceremony n. (a) U.S. a ceremony marking the committal of a body to the grave; (b) a ceremony at which a couple in a romantic relationship declare their long-term commitment to one another without becoming legally married (now the usual sense). ΚΠ 1920 Amer. Jrnl. Nursing 21 96 On the day of the commitment ceremony.., groups of nurses and other visitors began collecting about the Nurses' Plot. 1976 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 12 Jan. 20/7 There will be a simple commitment ceremony for the family at 3 p.m...in Tucson Memorial Park East Lawn Cemetery. 1985 Irish Times 5 Oct. (Weekend section) 4/2 Christine and Sheila..had a Commitment Ceremony where a priest..read passages from the Book of Ruth and the theme was ‘where thou goest I will go.’ 1995 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 22 June 6 e A few large daily newspapers..carry commitment ceremony announcements. 2002 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 25 Oct. 34 Commitment ceremonies for straight and gay couples can now be held at the county's register offices. 2010 B. Denizet-Lewis Amer. Voyeur 259 Legal or not, I was going to have a commitment ceremony in front of the people who matter to me. commitment fee n. (a) a fee paid upon the committal of a person into custody, esp. (in early use) by a new prisoner to the warden of the prison in return for private accommodation and other privileges (now rare); (b) Finance a fee charged by a bank to keep open a line of credit or to continue to make existing loan facilities available to a potential borrower. ΚΠ a1640 T. Coventry Perfect Direct. Fees of Courts (1641) 61 An Archibishop, A Duke, A Dutchesse, Are to pay for their Commmitment Fee to the said Warden and his Officers, having the first weekes dyet with wine, 21. [l.] 10. [s.]. 1792 Diary; or, Woodfall's Reg. 19 July The payment of a Commitment fee of 1l. 6s. 8d.., give him the right of having a room. 1815 Monthly Mag. 1 Nov. 337/2 On a prisoner's arrival at the gate, he is called upon to pay his commitment fees. 1913 District Rep. Judicial Districts Pennsylvania 22 758 Indictment for vagrancy and sentence of prisoner..commitment fee, 50 cents. 1933 Variety 16 May 25/2 Checks were drawn for 1½% commitment fees to banks. 2005 K. H. Marks et al. Handbk. Financing Growth i. vi. 169 The size of a commitment fee normally varies by the risk associated with the type of loan being made. commitment letter n. Finance a contractual letter in which a lender formally offers to make a loan to a potential borrower. ΚΠ 1937 New Albany (Indiana) Ledger 3 Dec. 1/1 Reed H. Kelso.., Saturday awaited official notification from the Federal Housing Authority's approval for a $30,000 loan... Mr Kelso stated that plans..would get under way as soon as the FHA commitment letter is received. 1967 Financial Times 8 Feb. 16/3 (advt.) Material contracts... Commitment letters..relating to the provision of short-term finance for the Albion group. 2011 A. L. Bailey Finding Uncommon Deal i. ii. 42 Until a commitment letter has been issued, signed by you, and returned to the lender, the bank can withdraw any promise to fund the loan at any time. commitment order n. (a) a warrant (typically issued by a court or judge) to hold or detain a person in custody; = mittimus n. 1b; (b) U.S. a court order requiring the admission of a person to a psychiatric hospital for treatment. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writ to receive prisoner into custody mittimus1591 commitment order1850 1850 Episcopal Recorder 19 Jan. 179/4 When you marry, get a clergyman... The registry of your vows, instead of being written among..assault and battery cases, and commitment orders.., will be kept fresh and interesting..by Him who ‘answereth prayer’. 1853 Essex Standard 7 Oct. Action upon a former judgment, and defendant not appearing, a commitment order for 30 days was made out. 1883 St. Louis Globe-Democrat 27 Apr. 4/2 The bill..proposes to authorize every Justice of the Peace to issue commitment orders; to authorize transfers without notice and without record from one asylum to another; [etc.]. 1932 Scotsman 11 Aug. 6/4 Winterbottom..was arrested on a commitment order made by Windsor Magistrates. [He] was fined £30..recently, and the commitment order was the result of his failure to pay the fine. 1982 Kokomo (Indiana) Tribune 9 Aug. 8/1 District Judge Barrington D. Parker, finding Hinckley to be mentally ill and dangerous, read his commitment order from the bench. 2004 J. Katzenbach Madman’s Tale (2005) iv. 81 The hospital could renew the court orders as long as..you continued to be a threat to yourself or others. So a thirty-day commitment order could easily become a twenty-year stay. commitment ring n. [after engagement ring at engagement n. 2d] a ring worn by either or both of the members of a (typically unmarried) couple as a symbol of their long-term commitment to one another. ΚΠ 1977 Washingtonian Nov. 15/3 [Ben] Bradlee gives [Sally] Quinn what he calls a ‘commitment ring’ every year on the anniversary of their living together. 1978 Irish Times 17 July 6/6 Couples who were clearly totally committed to each other but did not want to formalise the partnership with marriage, were..asking for rings to wear on the wedding-ring finger... ‘Commitment Rings’ are now a fair proportion of our business. 1994 Advocate 28 June 15 (advt.) The nation's leading jewelry manufacturer of commitment rings. 2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 9 Dec. 22 With hundreds of civil partnership ceremonies set to take place on 20 December.., Asda has launched a range of ‘Mr & Mr’ and ‘Mrs & Mrs’ cards, as well as gold commitment rings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1579 |
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