commandern.

Brit.

/kəˈmɑːndə/,

/kəˈmandə/, U.S.

/kəˈmændər/

Forms: Middle English comander, comandour, comandur, Middle English comaundour, Middle English–1500s commaundour, 1500s–1600s commaunder, (Middle English com(m)awndour), 1500s– commander.

Etymology: < Old French comandere (= Provençal comandaire ) < Latin type commanˈdātor , oblique case comandeor (= Provençal comandador ), Anglo-Norman -dour , modern French -deur < Latin type commandātor-em (commend- ), agent-noun < commandāre : see command v. and -er suffix². Commendātor was in some military and religious orders of the Middle Ages, e.g. that of the Knights of St. John, the title of the officer in charge of a commenda : see commandery n. In this sense Littré has Old French comandeor in 13th cent.

1. One who commands.

a. One who commands or orders anything.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > one who commands

bidder1340

commanderc1386

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 397 Soothly the Comandour of that was he [God].

1395 J. Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 49 If that that the emperour comaundith is good, fille thou the wil of the comaundour.

?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student ix. f. xxiii If a man commaunde another to do a trespasse..the commaundour is a trespasser.

a1617 S. Hieron Bargaine of Salt in Wks. (1620) II. 484 Hee doth it..more for the Commanders sake..then out of any other respect whatsoeuer.

b. One who has the control or disposal of anything.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun]

mastereOE

shepper1377

commandera1400

convoyer1488

comptroller?1536

controllera1540

controller-general1562

bridler1570

comptroller-general1587

disposerc1595

overruler1695

skull1880

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12109 Ihesus þe maister gaf ansuare, ‘þou þat es comandur o lai’.

c1592 Faire Em sig. C3^v Shee That is maistres and commaunder of his thoughts.

1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater iii. i. sig. D3^v Were we not made our selues, free, vnconfin'd Commaunders of our owne affections.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. viii. 159 in Church-hist. Brit. A great commander of the Latine Tongue.

c. One who exercises authority, a ruler or leader. Commander of the Faithful (cf. admiral n.): a title of the caliphs, first assumed (c640) by Omar I.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > [noun] > one who has or exercises command

commanderc1384

field marshal1809

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > caliph

caliph1393

khalifa1728

Commander of the Faithful1840

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke v. 5 Comaundour, we trauelinge by al the nyȝt token no thing.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 453 He [sc. Lucifer] wald..be him self þair comandur [v.r.Fairf. comaundour].

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 88 Commawndour, preceptor, mandator.

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. G2 Be wreakt on him (inuisible commander [sc. Death]).

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 247 King and Commander of our common weale.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 269 The Apostles.. are our Schoolemasters, and not our Commanders.

1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 434/2 Omar..was also the first who assumed the title of Amír-al-múmenín (commander of the faithful) instead of that of Khalifah-rasuli-llahi (vicar of the messenger of God) which his predecessor Abú Bekr had used.

2. spec.

a. The officer in command of a military force.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun]

heretogac900

marshal1258

chevetaine1297

chieftainc1330

arrayerc1370

governora1382

master of (the) chivalrya1382

leadera1387

war-headlinga1400

emperorc1400

captain1450

conductor1483

grand captain1531

commendador1580

lodesman1581

conducta1592

commander1598

induperator1599

war-captain1610

war-chief1610

war-leader1610

most mastera1616

commandant1687

commandant-general1827

baron1919

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 31 Braue Commaunders vnder whom I have serued.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 95 Williams. Vnder what Captaine serue you? King. Vnder Sir Iohn Erpingham. Williams. A good old Commander .

1643 Ld. Capel (title) Address to all Commanders, Officers, and Soldiers.

1757 S. Johnson Rambler No. 146. ⁋5 Not only the writer of books, but the commander of armies..will easily outlive all noisy and popular reputation.

1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians x Two thousand veteran British troops with their commander.

1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. i. 19 The term Commander of Column indicates the Senior Officer in that Column.

b. One who has command of a ship; in the British and U.S. navies, the title of an officer who ranks below a captain and above a first lieutenant.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun]

commanderc1450

navarch1808

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master

skipper1390

master shipmana1393

master mariner?a1400

shipmanc1405

shipmasterc1440

commanderc1450

patron1490

shipper1496

ship-governor1526

reis1585

nakhoda?1606

sea-captain1612

malem1615

manjee1683

captain1705

patroon1719

old man1821

owner1903

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > commander

master and commander1757

first officer1758

commander1804

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 579/45 Egeator, a comander of a shyp.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. 202 Any ingenious Sea-Artist, that..hath been Commander or Mate many years.

1708 Royal Proclam. 26 June in London Gaz. No. 4452 The Commanders of the Men of War appointed Convoys for Newfoundland.

1804 G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 194 Captain Prescott, a commander in the navy.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 203 Commander, an officer in the royal navy, commanding a ship of war under twenty guns, a sloop of war, armed ship, or bomb-vessel. He was entitled master and commander, and ranked with a major of the army: now simply termed commander, and ranking with lieutenant-colonel, but junior of that rank.

c. An overseer on a plantation. U.S.

ΚΠ

1842 McDonogh Papers 65 I was in the habit of never retiring to rest at night until seeing my commander.

3. In a medieval religious order, esp. a military order, as the Knights Hospitallers: The administrator of a commandery n. a commendatory adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > member of order of knights, etc. > [noun] > administrator of

commendatory1555

commander1611

commendator1669

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > commander > [noun]

commendatory1555

commander1611

commendator1669

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Commanderie A Commaunder (of one of the Orders).

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 65 at Commaundrie He which had the government of any such Mannor or house, was called the Commander, which had nothing to doe to dispose of it, but to the use of the Priorie, and to have onely his sustenance of it according to his degree.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Commandry The simple Commanders of Malta, who are rather Farmers of the Order than Beneficiaries.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 112 The principal Knights of Saint John were termed Commanders.

1858 W. Porter Hist. Knights Malta I. ii. (L.), at Commandery The council reserved to themselves the power of at any time recalling a commander from his post.

1867 Murray's Handbk. Worcester, etc. 98 The Commander's house, and great hall, are the only existing portions [of the Commandry].

4. Hence, a member of a higher class in certain modern Orders of Knighthood, in the French Legion of Honour, etc.; also, an officer in certain secret ‘orders’, as in the American order of ‘Knights Templars’.In British Orders (e.g. of the Bath since 1815, of St. Michael and St. George, and of the Star of India) the Knight Commanders form the second of the three grades. A Grand Commander is a member of one of the divisions of the highest grade. In the Legion of Honour, Commandeurs form the third of the five classes.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > specifically of highest grade of British orders > specifically of a higher class in modern orders

commander1846

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > order > second of three grades in British orders

Knight Commanders1846

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > specifically of highest grade of British orders

Grand Commander1886

1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 193/2 Legion of Honour, instituted by Napoleon during the year 1802..consists of five divisions: chevaliers, officers, commanders, grand officers, and grand crosses.

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xviii. 237 At the termination of the War, [1815]..,it was decided to divide the Order of the Bath into three Grades, entitled, Knights Grand Cross (G.C.B.), Knights Commanders (K.C.B.), and Knights Companions (C.B.).

1886 Whitaker's Almanack 88 [Order of the Bath] Second Class, K.C.B. Military Knights Commanders..Civil Knights Commanders.

1886 Whitaker's Almanack 93 The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India..Principal Knight Grand Commander, Viceroy and Gov. Gen. of India.

5. A large wooden mallet or beetle; a rammer (see command v. 6c).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > beetle

beetlec897

mell1333

maula1400

commander1574

1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 877 An instrument to driue piles of woodde into the grounde, called..a commaunder, also to beat stones in pauing, a rammer.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 128 The Commander..with an Handle about three foot long.

1726 R. Neve City & Country Purchaser (ed. 2) at Foundation These piles must be drove or forced down by a Commander.

1863 C. Reade Hard Cash I. 198 His gang of fifteen..stood in line with huge wooden beetles called commanders.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 203 Commander, a large wooden mallet used specially in the sail and rigging lofts, as anything of metal would injure the ropes or canvas.

†6. Fortification. A work raised so as to command the adjacent works and country round; a cavalier n. and adj. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower

towerc897

bastillec1400

bastillion1525

cavalier1562

commander1572

torrion1572

mount1590

sentinel1600

sentry1611

cat1628

torne1637

rondel1686

rounder1774

Martello tower1803

1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 9^v Whole Buts of water..were throwen downe from an high Commaunder.

1599 W. Malim tr. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 122 Two commanders, or caualiers.

†7. Surgery. A machine for reducing dislocations; = ambe n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > instruments for correcting displacements

ambe1598

commander1676

cowl-staff1676

repositor1868

positor1890

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. vii. v. 488 The Glossocomium, commonly called the Commander.

1711 London Gaz. No. 4878/4 This [sc. reducing of a shoulder out of joint] is not effected by the Ambe or Commander.

1783 P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. (new ed.) II. 300 That sort of Ambi which Mr. Freke called his Commander.

a. Hat-making. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 599/1.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 857 This flat crown is now placed upon a block, and, by pressing a string called a commander, down the sides of the block, he forces the parts adjacent to the crown to assume a cylindrical figure.

b. Basketry. A straight iron shank joining two rings, used for straightening thick sticks.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > basket-making equipment

mould1728

commander1912

1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making iii. 12 The full kit..consists of..a commander [etc.].

1941 Archit. Rev. 89 54 (caption) Commander.

9. Ornithology. The Red-winged Oriole ( Oriolus phœniceus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Oriolidae > genus Oriolus (oriole) > other types of

commander1812

mango-bird1839

mulberry-bird1891

1812 W. Smellie & W. Wood tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular XIII. 219 It is called Commander on account of a fine red mark on..its wings, which..resembles the badge of the order of knighthood.

10. Commander-in-chief n.

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a. The chief or supreme commander of all the military land forces of a State; also

b. of a detached portion permanently quartered in a colony, or

c. on expeditionary service in a hostile foreign country.In nearly all the British Colonies, the Governor was Commander-in-Chief, even though a civilian.

ΚΠ

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 188 Lord Conway then Commander in chief.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 20 Such Commanders in Chief do not fall without Common Souldiers about them.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 218 Want of success in the last campaign had raised a great clamour against the commander-in-chief.

1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada (1850) 343 The commander-in-chief of the artillery.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. ii. 127 The new Commander-in-chief at Madras, Sir John Cradock.

1887 London Gaz. 29 Nov. The Queen has been pleased, by Letters Patent..to appoint Field-Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., to be Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's Forces.

1887 Army List Nov. 27 Bermuda, Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Gallwey, Lt.-Genl. T.L., R. Eng.

d. In U.S. vested in the President.But the title is often unofficially applied to the acting general officer of highest rank (i.e. the senior major-general).

ΚΠ

1778 (title) Proceedings of a Court Martial held..by order of His Excellency General Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United States of America, for the Trial of Major General Lee.

1789 Constit. U.S. Art. ii. §2 The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 16/2.

e. In the Navy: ‘The senior officer in any port or station appointed to hold command over all other vessels within the limits assigned to him. Thus the commodore on the coast of Africa is de facto commander-in-chief’ (Adm. Smyth).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > senior port officer

Commander-in-chief1890

1890 Times 12 Sept. 4/6 The Northampton..flagship of the Commander-in-Chief at the Nore.

f. figurative.

ΚΠ

1650 T. Hubbert Pilula 12 A form of godliness is the Commander in Chief of all other sins.

Derivatives

Commander-in-ˈchiefship n. Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1878 W. M. Taylor Daniel the Beloved ix. 166 To himself he reserved the Commander-in-chiefship of the army.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	commander
释义	commandern. Brit. /kəˈmɑːndə/, /kəˈmandə/, U.S. /kəˈmændər/ Forms: Middle English comander, comandour, comandur, Middle English comaundour, Middle English–1500s commaundour, 1500s–1600s commaunder, (Middle English com(m)awndour), 1500s– commander. Etymology: < Old French comandere (= Provençal comandaire ) < Latin type commanˈdātor , oblique case comandeor (= Provençal comandador ), Anglo-Norman -dour , modern French -deur < Latin type commandātor-em (commend- ), agent-noun < commandāre : see command v. and -er suffix². Commendātor was in some military and religious orders of the Middle Ages, e.g. that of the Knights of St. John, the title of the officer in charge of a commenda : see commandery n. In this sense Littré has Old French comandeor in 13th cent. 1. One who commands. a. One who commands or orders anything. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > one who commands bidder1340 commanderc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 397 Soothly the Comandour of that was he [God]. 1395 J. Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 49 If that that the emperour comaundith is good, fille thou the wil of the comaundour. ?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student ix. f. xxiii If a man commaunde another to do a trespasse..the commaundour is a trespasser. a1617 S. Hieron Bargaine of Salt in Wks. (1620) II. 484 Hee doth it..more for the Commanders sake..then out of any other respect whatsoeuer. b. One who has the control or disposal of anything. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] mastereOE shepper1377 commandera1400 convoyer1488 comptroller?1536 controllera1540 controller-general1562 bridler1570 comptroller-general1587 disposerc1595 overruler1695 skull1880 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12109 Ihesus þe maister gaf ansuare, ‘þou þat es comandur o lai’. c1592 Faire Em sig. C3^v Shee That is maistres and commaunder of his thoughts. 1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater iii. i. sig. D3^v Were we not made our selues, free, vnconfin'd Commaunders of our owne affections. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. viii. 159 in Church-hist. Brit. A great commander of the Latine Tongue. c. One who exercises authority, a ruler or leader. Commander of the Faithful (cf. admiral n.): a title of the caliphs, first assumed (c640) by Omar I. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > [noun] > one who has or exercises command commanderc1384 field marshal1809 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > other independent rulers > [noun] > caliph caliph1393 khalifa1728 Commander of the Faithful1840 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke v. 5 Comaundour, we trauelinge by al the nyȝt token no thing. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 453 He [sc. Lucifer] wald..be him self þair comandur [v.r.Fairf. comaundour]. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 88 Commawndour, preceptor, mandator. 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. G2 Be wreakt on him (inuisible commander [sc. Death]). 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 247 King and Commander of our common weale. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 269 The Apostles.. are our Schoolemasters, and not our Commanders. 1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 434/2 Omar..was also the first who assumed the title of Amír-al-múmenín (commander of the faithful) instead of that of Khalifah-rasuli-llahi (vicar of the messenger of God) which his predecessor Abú Bekr had used. 2. spec. a. The officer in command of a military force. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] heretogac900 marshal1258 chevetaine1297 chieftainc1330 arrayerc1370 governora1382 master of (the) chivalrya1382 leadera1387 war-headlinga1400 emperorc1400 captain1450 conductor1483 grand captain1531 commendador1580 lodesman1581 conducta1592 commander1598 induperator1599 war-captain1610 war-chief1610 war-leader1610 most mastera1616 commandant1687 commandant-general1827 baron1919 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres iii. 31 Braue Commaunders vnder whom I have serued. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 95 Williams. Vnder what Captaine serue you? King. Vnder Sir Iohn Erpingham. Williams. A good old Commander . View more context for this quotation 1643 Ld. Capel (title) Address to all Commanders, Officers, and Soldiers. 1757 S. Johnson Rambler No. 146. ⁋5 Not only the writer of books, but the commander of armies..will easily outlive all noisy and popular reputation. 1859 W. M. Thackeray Virginians x Two thousand veteran British troops with their commander. 1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. i. 19 The term Commander of Column indicates the Senior Officer in that Column. b. One who has command of a ship; in the British and U.S. navies, the title of an officer who ranks below a captain and above a first lieutenant. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] commanderc1450 navarch1808 society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master skipper1390 master shipmana1393 master mariner?a1400 shipmanc1405 shipmasterc1440 commanderc1450 patron1490 shipper1496 ship-governor1526 reis1585 nakhoda?1606 sea-captain1612 malem1615 manjee1683 captain1705 patroon1719 old man1821 owner1903 society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > commander master and commander1757 first officer1758 commander1804 c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 579/45 Egeator, a comander of a shyp. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. iv. 202 Any ingenious Sea-Artist, that..hath been Commander or Mate many years. 1708 Royal Proclam. 26 June in London Gaz. No. 4452 The Commanders of the Men of War appointed Convoys for Newfoundland. 1804 G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 194 Captain Prescott, a commander in the navy. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 203 Commander, an officer in the royal navy, commanding a ship of war under twenty guns, a sloop of war, armed ship, or bomb-vessel. He was entitled master and commander, and ranked with a major of the army: now simply termed commander, and ranking with lieutenant-colonel, but junior of that rank. c. An overseer on a plantation. U.S. ΚΠ 1842 McDonogh Papers 65 I was in the habit of never retiring to rest at night until seeing my commander. 3. In a medieval religious order, esp. a military order, as the Knights Hospitallers: The administrator of a commandery n. a commendatory adj. and n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > member of order of knights, etc. > [noun] > administrator of commendatory1555 commander1611 commendator1669 society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > commander > [noun] commendatory1555 commander1611 commendator1669 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Commanderie A Commaunder (of one of the Orders). 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 65 at Commaundrie He which had the government of any such Mannor or house, was called the Commander, which had nothing to doe to dispose of it, but to the use of the Priorie, and to have onely his sustenance of it according to his degree. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Commandry The simple Commanders of Malta, who are rather Farmers of the Order than Beneficiaries. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. v. 112 The principal Knights of Saint John were termed Commanders. 1858 W. Porter Hist. Knights Malta I. ii. (L.), at Commandery The council reserved to themselves the power of at any time recalling a commander from his post. 1867 Murray's Handbk. Worcester, etc. 98 The Commander's house, and great hall, are the only existing portions [of the Commandry]. 4. Hence, a member of a higher class in certain modern Orders of Knighthood, in the French Legion of Honour, etc.; also, an officer in certain secret ‘orders’, as in the American order of ‘Knights Templars’.In British Orders (e.g. of the Bath since 1815, of St. Michael and St. George, and of the Star of India) the Knight Commanders form the second of the three grades. A Grand Commander is a member of one of the divisions of the highest grade. In the Legion of Honour, Commandeurs form the third of the five classes. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > specifically of highest grade of British orders > specifically of a higher class in modern orders commander1846 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > order > second of three grades in British orders Knight Commanders1846 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > specifically of highest grade of British orders Grand Commander1886 1846 Penny Cycl. Suppl. II. 193/2 Legion of Honour, instituted by Napoleon during the year 1802..consists of five divisions: chevaliers, officers, commanders, grand officers, and grand crosses. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xviii. 237 At the termination of the War, [1815]..,it was decided to divide the Order of the Bath into three Grades, entitled, Knights Grand Cross (G.C.B.), Knights Commanders (K.C.B.), and Knights Companions (C.B.). 1886 Whitaker's Almanack 88 [Order of the Bath] Second Class, K.C.B. Military Knights Commanders..Civil Knights Commanders. 1886 Whitaker's Almanack 93 The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India..Principal Knight Grand Commander, Viceroy and Gov. Gen. of India. 5. A large wooden mallet or beetle; a rammer (see command v. 6c). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > beetle beetlec897 mell1333 maula1400 commander1574 1574 J. Baret Aluearie C 877 An instrument to driue piles of woodde into the grounde, called..a commaunder, also to beat stones in pauing, a rammer. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 128 The Commander..with an Handle about three foot long. 1726 R. Neve City & Country Purchaser (ed. 2) at Foundation These piles must be drove or forced down by a Commander. 1863 C. Reade Hard Cash I. 198 His gang of fifteen..stood in line with huge wooden beetles called commanders. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 203 Commander, a large wooden mallet used specially in the sail and rigging lofts, as anything of metal would injure the ropes or canvas. †6. Fortification. A work raised so as to command the adjacent works and country round; a cavalier n. and adj. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > tower or watch-tower towerc897 bastillec1400 bastillion1525 cavalier1562 commander1572 torrion1572 mount1590 sentinel1600 sentry1611 cat1628 torne1637 rondel1686 rounder1774 Martello tower1803 1572 W. Malim tr. N. Martinengo True Rep. Famagosta f. 9^v Whole Buts of water..were throwen downe from an high Commaunder. 1599 W. Malim tr. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 122 Two commanders, or caualiers. †7. Surgery. A machine for reducing dislocations; = ambe n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other surgical equipment > [noun] > instruments for correcting displacements ambe1598 commander1676 cowl-staff1676 repositor1868 positor1890 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. vii. v. 488 The Glossocomium, commonly called the Commander. 1711 London Gaz. No. 4878/4 This [sc. reducing of a shoulder out of joint] is not effected by the Ambe or Commander. 1783 P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. (new ed.) II. 300 That sort of Ambi which Mr. Freke called his Commander. 8. a. Hat-making. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 599/1. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 857 This flat crown is now placed upon a block, and, by pressing a string called a commander, down the sides of the block, he forces the parts adjacent to the crown to assume a cylindrical figure. b. Basketry. A straight iron shank joining two rings, used for straightening thick sticks. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > basket-making equipment mould1728 commander1912 1912 T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-making iii. 12 The full kit..consists of..a commander [etc.]. 1941 Archit. Rev. 89 54 (caption) Commander. 9. Ornithology. The Red-winged Oriole ( Oriolus phœniceus). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Oriolidae > genus Oriolus (oriole) > other types of commander1812 mango-bird1839 mulberry-bird1891 1812 W. Smellie & W. Wood tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular XIII. 219 It is called Commander on account of a fine red mark on..its wings, which..resembles the badge of the order of knighthood. 10. Commander-in-chief n. Thesaurus » Categories » a. The chief or supreme commander of all the military land forces of a State; also b. of a detached portion permanently quartered in a colony, or c. on expeditionary service in a hostile foreign country.In nearly all the British Colonies, the Governor was Commander-in-Chief, even though a civilian. ΚΠ 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 188 Lord Conway then Commander in chief. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 20 Such Commanders in Chief do not fall without Common Souldiers about them. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. II. 218 Want of success in the last campaign had raised a great clamour against the commander-in-chief. 1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada (1850) 343 The commander-in-chief of the artillery. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. ii. 127 The new Commander-in-chief at Madras, Sir John Cradock. 1887 London Gaz. 29 Nov. The Queen has been pleased, by Letters Patent..to appoint Field-Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., to be Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's Forces. 1887 Army List Nov. 27 Bermuda, Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Gallwey, Lt.-Genl. T.L., R. Eng. d. In U.S. vested in the President.But the title is often unofficially applied to the acting general officer of highest rank (i.e. the senior major-general). ΚΠ 1778 (title) Proceedings of a Court Martial held..by order of His Excellency General Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the United States of America, for the Trial of Major General Lee. 1789 Constit. U.S. Art. ii. §2 The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVI. 16/2. e. In the Navy: ‘The senior officer in any port or station appointed to hold command over all other vessels within the limits assigned to him. Thus the commodore on the coast of Africa is de facto commander-in-chief’ (Adm. Smyth). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > officer with specific duty > [noun] > senior port officer Commander-in-chief1890 1890 Times 12 Sept. 4/6 The Northampton..flagship of the Commander-in-Chief at the Nore. f. figurative. ΚΠ 1650 T. Hubbert Pilula 12 A form of godliness is the Commander in Chief of all other sins. Derivatives Commander-in-ˈchiefship n. Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1878 W. M. Taylor Daniel the Beloved ix. 166 To himself he reserved the Commander-in-chiefship of the army. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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