agonisticadj.

Brit.

/ˌaɡəˈnɪstɪk/, U.S.

/ˌæɡəˈnɪstɪk/

Forms: 1600s agonistick, 1600s– agonistic, 1700s agonistik.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin agonisticus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin agonisticus relating to a contest (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ἀγωνιστικός suitable for athletic contest, suitable for argument, contentious (Aristotle), in Hellenistic Greek also (in rhetoric) striking, impressive < ἀγωνιστής agonist n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare earlier agonistical adj. and slightly earlier antagonistic adj.In sense 4 after German agonistisch (1897 or earlier in this sense) and antagonistic adj. (compare sense 2 at that entry).

1. Rhetoric. Polemic, combative, aimed at winning an argument. Also: based on presenting opposing arguments.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [adjective]

controversious1548

argumentable1588

argumental1595

warlikea1603

controversary1610

polemic1614

polemical1615

eristical1624

controversal1634

eristic1637

controversial1638

argumentative1647

agonisticala1652

agonistic1656

disputatious1660

controvertistical1707

gladiatorial1813

conversional1861

voiceful1879

challengeful1903

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [adjective]

palaestrala1425

palaestrialc1460

palaestrical1579

athletical1581

athletic1585

agonistical1643

agonistic1656

palaestric1658

athletary1660

palaestrian1828

pan-athletic1897

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 43 In his Elenchs, Of Didascalick and demonstrative Syllogismes, we have spoken already in the Analyticks, of the Dialectick and Pirastick in the book immediately preceding these: We come now to speak of the Agonistick and Eristick.

a1660 H. Hammond Serm. (1664) v. 65 The Prophetick writings, were not, saith St. Peter, ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως (I conceive in an agonistick sense) of their own starting or incitation.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III Pref. sig. A2 To render our Discourse the lesse offensive, we have cast it into a thetic and dogmatic Method, rather than agonistic and polemic.

1791 W. Enfield Brucker's Hist. Philos. I. 215 The Agonistic dialogues, supposed to resemble the combat, were either Endeictic, as exhibiting a specimen of skill, or Anatreptic presenting the spectacle of a perfect defeat.

1831 T. De Quincey Dr. Parr in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 911/2 As a scholar, he was brilliant; but he consumed his power in agonistic displays.

1836 H. Taylor Statesman xxx. 225 If knowledge be argumentative and wit agonistic, the society becomes an arena.

1885 Maryland Med. Jrnl. 6 June 101/1 By one grand agonistic display of his powers, he succeeded in making such an impression upon the minds of his fellow-members that they voted with him to dispense with the vaccine appropriation.

1950 K. Burke Rhetoric of Motives ii. 60 Also..there is rhetoric as an art of ‘provoking opposites’; as appeal to emotions and prejudices; as ‘agonistic’, shaped by a strongly competitive purpose.

2009 P. Roberts-Miller Fanatical Schemes i. 22 Advocates of agonistic rhetoric presume that deliberation among people with different perspectives enables both individuals and communities to understand a topic more thoroughly.

a. Relating to or characteristic of the events of an agon or public celebration of games (see agon n. 1); of or relating to such games, or combat, athletic feats, or strenuous struggle or competition generally.

ΚΠ

1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Agonistic, warlike or skilful in exercises.

1666 W. Austin Ἐπιλοίμια Ἔπη: Anat. Pestilence iii. 94 They sending troups of agonistick fears, To hold their paillards by their andoillers.

1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. 204 Too many of the Protestant as well as Popish Antagonists have..made it their chief business but in one thing to resemble one of the old Agonistic Games, namely, that of the Wrestlers.

1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xi. ccvi. 175 Smear'd in's bloody Agonistik Gore.

1735 London Mag. Jan. 36/1 Let Bridewell's hardy youth resort To the lov'd agonistic sport, The cudgels flourish in the ring.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Agonistic amounts to much the same with athletic.

1778 Monthly Rev. 58 App. 533 The three classes of agonistic exercises that were introduced into these games.

1857 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 32 An Agonistic inscription..reading, ‘Damocleidas (was victor) in the horse race’.

1889 D. Fraser Seven Promises Expounded 26 There certainly are allusions to those contests in the writings of St. Paul, who uses them to illustrate the agonistic character of the Christian life.

1924 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 44 229 In Attic black-figured vases, we find..scenes which were clearly derived from the Palaestra and agonistic games.

1972 C. Baker Hemingway (ed. 4) viii. 182 At first glance the connection is not apparent between the world of Henry James, society-centered, ghoul-haunted, politely agonistic, externally inactive, and that of Hemingway, sharp in definition, quick in movement, and..brash in manner.

2005 J. König Athletics & Lit. in Rom. Empire i. 28 Domitian, who..founded the first agonistic festival in Rome, the Capitolia.

b. Zoology. Designating animal behaviour associated with (actual or potential) hostility or confrontation between individuals; of or relating to such behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [adjective] > hostile

agonistic1951

1951 J. P. Scott & E. Fredericson in Physiol. Zool. 24 273/1 When fighting behavior is analyzed, it is found to be one of several patterns of behavior... Other common and closely related patterns are escape behavior, defensive behavior, and passivity... It is with this general group of behavioral adjustments, which may be given the name ‘agonistic behavior’, that this paper is concerned.

1970 Nature 5 Dec. 960/1 After the capture of meat there were often agonistic encounters over its possession.

1980 S. Afr. Jrnl. Sci. 76 415/1 The facial resultants of conflict between..tendencies..for attack and those for flight..are sometimes referred to as the ‘agonistic faces’.

2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies iii. 60 Counter to expectation, perhaps, male agonistic interactions do not include attempts to pinch with the forceps.

†3. Striving for effect; strained; simulating strong feeling, tending to exaggeration of feeling. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [adjective] > theatrical or exaggerated (of person) > of actions or things

histrionicalc1553

scenical1564

mimic1591

histrionic1627

scenic1638

theatric1656

theatrical1709

agonistic1833

stagy1860

actressy1893

1833 A. Raines Refut. Doctr. Depravity 50 Presently a man famous for stirring the sympathies of human nature, with ghastly countenance and agonistic gesture, would harangue them.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xv. 312 Agonistic posture-makings.

1864 I. Taylor in Good Words 943 Long before the coming on of the modern agonistic paroxysm in literature.

4. Physiology. Designating a muscle that is an agonist (agonist n. 4); of or relating to such a muscle. Cf. earlier antagonistic adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [adjective]

orbicular1615

biceps1634

bicipital1646

trigastric1676

adducent1694

biventral1706

attollent1713

penniform1713

antagonistic1725

monogastric1749

adductory1752

sublime1800

pennated1836–9

intrinsic1839

pennate1877

sphincteric1883

sphinctrate1887

sphincterial1889

agonistic1905

sphinctered1963

1905 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 32 312 Whether there is a close association in the brain of the fibers for the agonistic and antagonistic muscles, to use the terms employed by certain German writers..need not concern us now.

1932 A. Steindler in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 14 7 In these cases the balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups is extremely labile.

1971 H. O. Kendall et al. Muscles (ed. 2) i. 3/1 A comprehensive..knowledge of muscle function..must include a knowledge of joint motion, the origin and insertion of muscles, their agonistic and antagonistic action, as well as their role in fixation and substitution.

2011 European Jrnl. Pain 15 577/1 The contrasting view, referred to as the ‘pain adaption model’ predicts that acute or chronic muscle pain will cause inhibition of agonistic muscle activity.

5. Pharmacology and Physiology. Of, relating to, or acting as an agonist (agonist n. 5).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > agonistic

agonistic1955

1955 Brit. Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Chemotherapy 10 170/2 It is difficult to know, therefore, whether high adsorbability should be indicated by high agonistic or high antagonistic activity.

1991 Jrnl. Pharmacy & Pharmacol. 43 857/2 Agonistic activity on the presynaptic dopamine receptors in the central nervous system in-vivo has been reported.

2001 Nature 13 Sept. 129/1 Nitrogen fixation is controlled by both agonistic and antagonistic phytochemical signalling to Rhizobium.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	agonistic
释义	agonisticadj. Brit. /ˌaɡəˈnɪstɪk/, U.S. /ˌæɡəˈnɪstɪk/ Forms: 1600s agonistick, 1600s– agonistic, 1700s agonistik. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin agonisticus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin agonisticus relating to a contest (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < ancient Greek ἀγωνιστικός suitable for athletic contest, suitable for argument, contentious (Aristotle), in Hellenistic Greek also (in rhetoric) striking, impressive < ἀγωνιστής agonist n. + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare earlier agonistical adj. and slightly earlier antagonistic adj.In sense 4 after German agonistisch (1897 or earlier in this sense) and antagonistic adj. (compare sense 2 at that entry). 1. Rhetoric. Polemic, combative, aimed at winning an argument. Also: based on presenting opposing arguments. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [adjective] controversious1548 argumentable1588 argumental1595 warlikea1603 controversary1610 polemic1614 polemical1615 eristical1624 controversal1634 eristic1637 controversial1638 argumentative1647 agonisticala1652 agonistic1656 disputatious1660 controvertistical1707 gladiatorial1813 conversional1861 voiceful1879 challengeful1903 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > athletics > [adjective] palaestrala1425 palaestrialc1460 palaestrical1579 athletical1581 athletic1585 agonistical1643 agonistic1656 palaestric1658 athletary1660 palaestrian1828 pan-athletic1897 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 43 In his Elenchs, Of Didascalick and demonstrative Syllogismes, we have spoken already in the Analyticks, of the Dialectick and Pirastick in the book immediately preceding these: We come now to speak of the Agonistick and Eristick. a1660 H. Hammond Serm. (1664) v. 65 The Prophetick writings, were not, saith St. Peter, ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως (I conceive in an agonistick sense) of their own starting or incitation. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III Pref. sig. A2 To render our Discourse the lesse offensive, we have cast it into a thetic and dogmatic Method, rather than agonistic and polemic. 1791 W. Enfield Brucker's Hist. Philos. I. 215 The Agonistic dialogues, supposed to resemble the combat, were either Endeictic, as exhibiting a specimen of skill, or Anatreptic presenting the spectacle of a perfect defeat. 1831 T. De Quincey Dr. Parr in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 911/2 As a scholar, he was brilliant; but he consumed his power in agonistic displays. 1836 H. Taylor Statesman xxx. 225 If knowledge be argumentative and wit agonistic, the society becomes an arena. 1885 Maryland Med. Jrnl. 6 June 101/1 By one grand agonistic display of his powers, he succeeded in making such an impression upon the minds of his fellow-members that they voted with him to dispense with the vaccine appropriation. 1950 K. Burke Rhetoric of Motives ii. 60 Also..there is rhetoric as an art of ‘provoking opposites’; as appeal to emotions and prejudices; as ‘agonistic’, shaped by a strongly competitive purpose. 2009 P. Roberts-Miller Fanatical Schemes i. 22 Advocates of agonistic rhetoric presume that deliberation among people with different perspectives enables both individuals and communities to understand a topic more thoroughly. 2. a. Relating to or characteristic of the events of an agon or public celebration of games (see agon n. 1); of or relating to such games, or combat, athletic feats, or strenuous struggle or competition generally. ΚΠ 1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Agonistic, warlike or skilful in exercises. 1666 W. Austin Ἐπιλοίμια Ἔπη: Anat. Pestilence iii. 94 They sending troups of agonistick fears, To hold their paillards by their andoillers. 1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. 204 Too many of the Protestant as well as Popish Antagonists have..made it their chief business but in one thing to resemble one of the old Agonistic Games, namely, that of the Wrestlers. 1702 C. Beaumont J. Beaumont's Psyche (new ed.) xi. ccvi. 175 Smear'd in's bloody Agonistik Gore. 1735 London Mag. Jan. 36/1 Let Bridewell's hardy youth resort To the lov'd agonistic sport, The cudgels flourish in the ring. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Agonistic amounts to much the same with athletic. 1778 Monthly Rev. 58 App. 533 The three classes of agonistic exercises that were introduced into these games. 1857 S. Birch Hist. Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 32 An Agonistic inscription..reading, ‘Damocleidas (was victor) in the horse race’. 1889 D. Fraser Seven Promises Expounded 26 There certainly are allusions to those contests in the writings of St. Paul, who uses them to illustrate the agonistic character of the Christian life. 1924 Jrnl. Hellenic Stud. 44 229 In Attic black-figured vases, we find..scenes which were clearly derived from the Palaestra and agonistic games. 1972 C. Baker Hemingway (ed. 4) viii. 182 At first glance the connection is not apparent between the world of Henry James, society-centered, ghoul-haunted, politely agonistic, externally inactive, and that of Hemingway, sharp in definition, quick in movement, and..brash in manner. 2005 J. König Athletics & Lit. in Rom. Empire i. 28 Domitian, who..founded the first agonistic festival in Rome, the Capitolia. b. Zoology. Designating animal behaviour associated with (actual or potential) hostility or confrontation between individuals; of or relating to such behaviour. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [adjective] > hostile agonistic1951 1951 J. P. Scott & E. Fredericson in Physiol. Zool. 24 273/1 When fighting behavior is analyzed, it is found to be one of several patterns of behavior... Other common and closely related patterns are escape behavior, defensive behavior, and passivity... It is with this general group of behavioral adjustments, which may be given the name ‘agonistic behavior’, that this paper is concerned. 1970 Nature 5 Dec. 960/1 After the capture of meat there were often agonistic encounters over its possession. 1980 S. Afr. Jrnl. Sci. 76 415/1 The facial resultants of conflict between..tendencies..for attack and those for flight..are sometimes referred to as the ‘agonistic faces’. 2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies iii. 60 Counter to expectation, perhaps, male agonistic interactions do not include attempts to pinch with the forceps. †3. Striving for effect; strained; simulating strong feeling, tending to exaggeration of feeling. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > [adjective] > theatrical or exaggerated (of person) > of actions or things histrionicalc1553 scenical1564 mimic1591 histrionic1627 scenic1638 theatric1656 theatrical1709 agonistic1833 stagy1860 actressy1893 1833 A. Raines Refut. Doctr. Depravity 50 Presently a man famous for stirring the sympathies of human nature, with ghastly countenance and agonistic gesture, would harangue them. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present iii. xv. 312 Agonistic posture-makings. 1864 I. Taylor in Good Words 943 Long before the coming on of the modern agonistic paroxysm in literature. 4. Physiology. Designating a muscle that is an agonist (agonist n. 4); of or relating to such a muscle. Cf. earlier antagonistic adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > types of muscles > [adjective] orbicular1615 biceps1634 bicipital1646 trigastric1676 adducent1694 biventral1706 attollent1713 penniform1713 antagonistic1725 monogastric1749 adductory1752 sublime1800 pennated1836–9 intrinsic1839 pennate1877 sphincteric1883 sphinctrate1887 sphincterial1889 agonistic1905 sphinctered1963 1905 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 32 312 Whether there is a close association in the brain of the fibers for the agonistic and antagonistic muscles, to use the terms employed by certain German writers..need not concern us now. 1932 A. Steindler in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 14 7 In these cases the balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups is extremely labile. 1971 H. O. Kendall et al. Muscles (ed. 2) i. 3/1 A comprehensive..knowledge of muscle function..must include a knowledge of joint motion, the origin and insertion of muscles, their agonistic and antagonistic action, as well as their role in fixation and substitution. 2011 European Jrnl. Pain 15 577/1 The contrasting view, referred to as the ‘pain adaption model’ predicts that acute or chronic muscle pain will cause inhibition of agonistic muscle activity. 5. Pharmacology and Physiology. Of, relating to, or acting as an agonist (agonist n. 5). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > relating to powers or effects of drugs > agonistic agonistic1955 1955 Brit. Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Chemotherapy 10 170/2 It is difficult to know, therefore, whether high adsorbability should be indicated by high agonistic or high antagonistic activity. 1991 Jrnl. Pharmacy & Pharmacol. 43 857/2 Agonistic activity on the presynaptic dopamine receptors in the central nervous system in-vivo has been reported. 2001 Nature 13 Sept. 129/1 Nitrogen fixation is controlled by both agonistic and antagonistic phytochemical signalling to Rhizobium. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1656
随便看	θ130653 θ130654 θ130655 θ130656 θ130657 θ130658 θ130659 θ13066 θ130660 θ130661 θ130662 θ130663 θ130664 θ130665 θ130666 θ130667 θ130668 θ130669 θ13067 θ130670 θ130671 θ130672 θ130673 θ130674 θ130675