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单词 collaborative
释义

collaborativeadj.

/kəˈlabərətɪv/
Etymology: < collaborate v. + -ive suffix; compare -ative suffix.
Characterized by, based upon, or produced in collaboration; co-operative.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [adjective] > done in co-operation
commonc1300
two-handc1503
two-handed1657
combined1834
collaborative1927
tandem1962
1927 Observer 27 Mar. 17/2 Mr. Amery's Dominion tour should give a real impetus to ‘Imperialism’ of the most practical kind—that which brings the collaborative thought of the Empire's centre and circumference to bear on common interests.
1957 J. D. Salinger Zooey in New Yorker 4 May 33/3 The plot line..is largely the result of a rather unholy collaborative effort.
1967 Bull. World Health Organization 37 79 (heading) WHO collaborative study on the sero-epidemiology of Rubella.
1989 Times 31 Aug. 2/8 The result of this ‘bibliometric’ method of rating departments would [be] a shift by universities..away from practical collaborative problem solving.

Derivatives

coˈllaboratively adv.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > co-operation > [adverb]
mutually1531
shoulder to shouldera1586
in the (or a) quilla1616
in consort1634
concurrently1648
in harness1873
collectively1902
collaboratively1971
in tandem1974
1971 Human World Nov. 64 History's home is within this ‘collaboratively created’ world.
1989 Newsday 25 June ii. 17/1 Most of the 10 songs, written collaboratively by the four members, stick pretty much to the band's formula of mini-suites.

Draft additions March 2009

1. A problem requiring collaborative work.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1929 Landscape Archit. 20 68 The subject might well have been assigned as a collaborative problem... The Jury recommends that for future problems of this nature, unless they are collaboratives, a definite architectural monument be given the student.
2. Originally U.S. A group of people working in collaboration to achieve a common goal. Cf. collective n. 3d.
ΚΠ
1937 Art Digest 1 Sept. 31/3 The Architects, Painters and Sculptors Collaborative has broken in two ways with this unfortunate modern procedure.
1953 Perspecta 2 31/1 At the outset of the Collaborative, in order to bring into focus the unique problem of history which this particular collaborating group of individuals was most fitted to solve, a fundamental philosophy and strategy was adopted.
1991 Bostonia June 66/2 The three metalsmiths of the design collaborative..specialize in crafting jewelry for the individual client.
2006 Times (Nexis) 13 Oct. (Times2 section) 4 Most of the internet would be unthinkable without collaboratives, mostly made up of volunteers, who have created free, open-source software.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online December 2019).
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adj.1927
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