commensaladj.n.

/kəˈmɛnsəl/

Forms: Also Middle English comensale.

Etymology: < French commensal < medieval Latin commensālis, < com- together with + mensa table, mensālis belonging to the table.

A. adj.

1. Eating at, or pertaining to, the same table.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating in specific conditions > [adjective] > eating at same table

commensalc1400

c1400 Test. Love (1560) i. 275 b/2 O where hast thou bee so long commensall?

1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxviii. 317 Commensal fool.

1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 269/1 Commensal pleasures.

2. Biology. Applied to animals or plants which live as tenants of others (distinguished from parasitic).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [adjective] > commensal

messmate1870

commensal1877

1877 C. W. Thomson Voy. ‘Challenger’ I. ii. 140 The tube..is very frequently inhabited by..a commensal decapod crustacean.

1881 J. Lubbock in Nature No. 618. 405 Schwendener proposed, in 1869, the..theory..that lichens are not autonomous organisms, but commensal associations of a fungus parasitic on an alga.

B. n.

a. One of a company who eat at the same table, a mess-mate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating in specific conditions > [noun] > eating in company > eating companion

mettec1330

meat-fellowa1382

board-fellow1382

meat ferec1384

messmana1450

commensala1464

companion?1505

messmate1664

trencher-companion1816

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 183 Þere was he mad lystir of þe paleis, and comensale with þe pope.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 258 The guests of the great King of Heaven, and the commensals of the Lord Jesus, of whom and with whom we do then [at the Eucharist] communicate.

1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 229 The holders of them might be commensals.

†b. Formerly a name for the ‘Oppidans’ at Eton. Obsolete. (Cf. commoner n. 6a at Winchester.)

ΚΠ

1615 Eton Audit-bk. in M. Lyte Hist. Eton Coll. (1889) 193 For a little table to lanthen the Commensalls table in the Hall.

1884 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 72 (Eton) In 1614 there seem to have been about forty ‘Commensalls’.

2. Biology. An animal or plant which lives attached to or as a tenant of another, and shares its food (distinguished from a parasite, which feeds on the body of its host). Also applied to the host itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > one or each of two

commensal1872

mutualist1874

symbiont1887

symbiote1897

parasymbiont1911

partner1924

parabiont1935

coactee1939

coactor1939

epibiont1949

1872 J. D. Dana Corals & Coral Islands i. 25 Frequently each Actinia has its special favorite, proving an inherited preference for..that kind of change or range of conditions, which the preferred commensal provides.

1880 Day Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 15 51 A common example of a commensal is the Sucking-fish.

1881 K. Semper Animal Life iii. 74 It might be..that the green constituents were not integral elements of the animal, but foreign bodies, living within it,—commensals or ‘messmates’, as they are called.

Draft additions December 2006

coˈmmensally adv. (a) Biology in the manner of a commensal organism; (b) through commensality or cohabitation.

ΚΠ

1897 Science 9 Apr. 595/1 A Nereid..which lives commensally with the Hermit crab, Eupagurus alaskensis.

1914 Lancet 23 May 1499/1 While much of the disease was of hereditary origin, in acquired cases it seemed to be spread commensally and mainly by other means than by sexual intercourse.

1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) iii. 238/2 Malacobdella is the unique filter-feeding nemertine, living commensally within the mantle cavity of clams.

2002 J. Neusner Mishnah i. 27 The generative issue is how those who properly separate tithes are to relate, commercially and commensally, to those that do not.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	commensal
释义	commensaladj.n. /kəˈmɛnsəl/ Forms: Also Middle English comensale. Etymology: < French commensal < medieval Latin commensālis, < com- together with + mensa table, mensālis belonging to the table. A. adj. 1. Eating at, or pertaining to, the same table. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating in specific conditions > [adjective] > eating at same table commensalc1400 c1400 Test. Love (1560) i. 275 b/2 O where hast thou bee so long commensall? 1693 T. Urquhart & P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 3rd Bk. Wks. xxxviii. 317 Commensal fool. 1844 Fraser's Mag. 30 269/1 Commensal pleasures. 2. Biology. Applied to animals or plants which live as tenants of others (distinguished from parasitic). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [adjective] > commensal messmate1870 commensal1877 1877 C. W. Thomson Voy. ‘Challenger’ I. ii. 140 The tube..is very frequently inhabited by..a commensal decapod crustacean. 1881 J. Lubbock in Nature No. 618. 405 Schwendener proposed, in 1869, the..theory..that lichens are not autonomous organisms, but commensal associations of a fungus parasitic on an alga. B. n. 1. a. One of a company who eat at the same table, a mess-mate. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating in specific conditions > [noun] > eating in company > eating companion mettec1330 meat-fellowa1382 board-fellow1382 meat ferec1384 messmana1450 commensala1464 companion?1505 messmate1664 trencher-companion1816 a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 183 Þere was he mad lystir of þe paleis, and comensale with þe pope. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 258 The guests of the great King of Heaven, and the commensals of the Lord Jesus, of whom and with whom we do then [at the Eucharist] communicate. 1887 J. R. Lowell Democracy & Other Addr. 229 The holders of them might be commensals. †b. Formerly a name for the ‘Oppidans’ at Eton. Obsolete. (Cf. commoner n. 6a at Winchester.) ΚΠ 1615 Eton Audit-bk. in M. Lyte Hist. Eton Coll. (1889) 193 For a little table to lanthen the Commensalls table in the Hall. 1884 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 72 (Eton) In 1614 there seem to have been about forty ‘Commensalls’. 2. Biology. An animal or plant which lives attached to or as a tenant of another, and shares its food (distinguished from a parasite, which feeds on the body of its host). Also applied to the host itself. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > one or each of two commensal1872 mutualist1874 symbiont1887 symbiote1897 parasymbiont1911 partner1924 parabiont1935 coactee1939 coactor1939 epibiont1949 1872 J. D. Dana Corals & Coral Islands i. 25 Frequently each Actinia has its special favorite, proving an inherited preference for..that kind of change or range of conditions, which the preferred commensal provides. 1880 Day Jrnl. Linn. Soc.: Zool. 15 51 A common example of a commensal is the Sucking-fish. 1881 K. Semper Animal Life iii. 74 It might be..that the green constituents were not integral elements of the animal, but foreign bodies, living within it,—commensals or ‘messmates’, as they are called. Draft additions December 2006 coˈmmensally adv. (a) Biology in the manner of a commensal organism; (b) through commensality or cohabitation. ΚΠ 1897 Science 9 Apr. 595/1 A Nereid..which lives commensally with the Hermit crab, Eupagurus alaskensis. 1914 Lancet 23 May 1499/1 While much of the disease was of hereditary origin, in acquired cases it seemed to be spread commensally and mainly by other means than by sexual intercourse. 1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) iii. 238/2 Malacobdella is the unique filter-feeding nemertine, living commensally within the mantle cavity of clams. 2002 J. Neusner Mishnah i. 27 The generative issue is how those who properly separate tithes are to relate, commercially and commensally, to those that do not. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.n.c1400
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