combustionn.

/kəmˈbʌstɪən/

/kəmˈbʌstʃən/

Forms: Also 1500s -yon.

Etymology: < Old French combustion (14th cent. in Littré), < late Latin combūstiōn-em , noun of action < combūrĕre ; see combure v.

a. The action or process of burning; consumption or destruction by fire. (Not common in ordinary unscientific language.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun]

bruneOE

brandOE

burninga1300

ustion1567

exustion1583

combustiona1600

combusture1609

inustion?1630

ustulation1658

a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. vii, in Wks. (1662) 19 The combustion of his Sanctuary..flaming before their eyes.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. xix. 17 They shal take of the ashes of combustion and of sinne.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. xxiv The combustion of the Library of Alexandria.

1824 S. Smith Amer. in Wks. (1867) II. 44 The faggots which each is preparing for the combustion of the other.

1867 Christian Remembrancer 52 245 The combustion of incense.

†b. A conflagration, fire. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive

fireeOE

wildfirea1122

burningc1425

embrasement1483

combustion1611

scathefire1632

conflagration1656

empyrosisa1676

firestorm1836

1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 8 Catiline..that sought to bring it [Rome] to a combustion, or Nero..that did indeed set it on fire.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 47 Subiect it [Constantinople] hath bin to sundry horrible combustions.

1664 G. Etherege Comical Revenge iii. vii. 48 In combustions..To save their pretious Goods from raging fire.

†c. spec. The burning of a corpse, cremation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun]

combustion?1611

cremation1623

incremation1826

incineration1880

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 202 Nor more mourn at his burn'd bones, Than did the great prince to his friend at his combustions.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 4 Solemn combustion of Meneceus, and Archemorus.

d. spontaneous combustion: the burning of a substance (or mass) from heat generated within itself; see spontaneous adj.

e. combustion of money n. ‘the old way of trying mix'd and base Money by melting it down’ (Kersey).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > trial of purity or weight

trial of the pyx1686

combustion of money1695

1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 5 A constitution was made, called the Trial by combustion.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. I. at Combustio pecuniae In the time of King Henry II a constitution was made, called the trial by combustion: the practice of which differed little or nothing from the present method of assaying silver.

a. The ordinary term in scientific use.

As all ordinary combustion consists in the energetic combination of a body with oxygen, with evolution of heat and light, this was alone contemplated in earlier definitions of the term; but since it has been known that similar phenomena attend the combination of other elements, e.g. that of hydrogen and metals with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, combustion has been defined more generally as ‘The development of light and heat accompanying chemical combination’. internal combustion engine, etc.: see internal adj. and n. Compounds.Formerly, oxygen was regarded as essentially the supporter of combustion, the bodies which burned in it being called combustibles. Afterwards the former term was extended to all substances capable of forming vapours in which others can burn, as chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulphur; but since the same substance may sometimes act in both capacities, and since the vapours in question are actually consumed in the process, as truly as the so-called ‘combustible’, the distinction has gradually become obsolete. (Watts, etc.) Cf. comburent adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > combustion

combustion1477

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun]

combustion1878

multi-engines1933

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 64 Of such Combustion greate hardnes shall be.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 340 Combustion is ignition, conuerting bodies by burning them into calx.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 171 It has long been ascertained, that combustion will not take place unless it be nourished by air.

1811 R. Hooper Quincy's Lexicon-medicum (new ed.) 220/2 s.v. The supporters of combustion known at present are..six. Oxigen gas, Air, Gaseous oxid of nitrogen, Nitrous gas, Nitric acid, Oxigenated muriatic acid.

1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 25 Combustion being, in fact, chemical union, attended with heat and light.

1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 47 Combustion, or the combination of a combustible with oxygen.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 106 Being neither combustible like the one, nor a supporter of combustion like the other.

b. In the sense of ‘combination of a body with oxygen’, the word has been applied to processes of oxidation unaccompanied by evolution of light, and not popularly considered as ‘burning’, such as take place in the tissues of organisms (internal combustion), in decomposing organic matter, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > oxidation > combustion

combustion1800

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 561 Every combination of an acid with other substances, is a process of combustion, which cannot take place without the combination of the oxygen with the combustible element.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 80 A kind of slow combustion goes on in the body.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 722 The decomposition of the non-nitrogenous reserve material and its combustion into carbon dioxide and water.

1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Internal combustion, those processes of oxidation..which effect the maintenance of the animal heat.

c. An operation consisting in the complete burning of a substance in a combustion-tube: used in quantitative analysis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > combustion > as used in quantitative analysis

combustion1863

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 227 When the temperature required for a combustion is very high, the tube should be protected.

1885 A. Christison et al. Life Sir R. Christison I. 273 I had successfully finished my first combustion.

†3. Pathology (a) A burn; (b) inflammation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > inflammation > [noun]

heatc1000

fireOE

burning1382

phlegmona1398

disdainc1400

angerc1440

scaldingc1450

brounes1528

inflaming1530

combustion?1541

inflammation1541

incension1598

fieriness1600

angriness1612

exustion1657

phlogosis1666

phlegmasia1706

scald1882

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > burn or scald

scaldinga1398

fire burning?a1425

combustion?1541

burning1542

ambustion1590

burn1594

scald1601

ustion1607

scorch1611

powder burn1864

flash burn1946

?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Tij^v Vnguentum..merueylous to consolydate and drye the conbustyons and woundes of synewes.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 332 Take Lintseede..and applye it on the combustion. Some doe onlye annoynte the burne with Linteseede oyle.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 334/1 Heerewith annoynte the combustion both eveninge, and morninge.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 335/1 This draweth out the heate and combustion, and then it cureth.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. iii. 460 Cauteries or searings with hot yrons, combustions, boarings.

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 68 Combustion of the joynts, will admit of no sharp remedies.

†4. Astrology. Obscuration of a planet or star by proximity to the sun. Obsolete. See combust adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > state of being visible > eclipse > by sun

combustion1556

oppression1556

1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 196 The darkenynge or hidynge of the starre..within 15 degrees of the Sonne..is called of many men Combustion.

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell ix. 112 With the naturall situation of Countreyes, a Traveller should observe..the Political position thereof, how some are seated like Mercury amongst the Planets, who for the most part is either in combustion or obscurity.

1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxvi. 165 Her Dispositor was in his Detriment, and entring Combustion.

1721–97 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.

1743 E. Stone New Math. Dict. (ed. 2) (at cited word) A Planet..not above eight Degrees and Thirty Minutes distant from the Sun..is said then to be combust, or in Combustion.

5. figurative and transferred.

a. with explicit reference to sense 1.

ΚΠ

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. i. 109 By their pious tears to quench the combustions in the Empire.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xv. 20 This powr'd oyl on the fire..and put all in combustion.

1778 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (ed. 2) II. vi. 265 Where there were disappointed leaders ripe for revolt..it was not difficult to kindle combustion.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iii. i. 147 In spiritual invisible combustion, [mounts up] one authority after another.

b. Violent excitement or commotion, disorder, confusion, tumult, hubbub. (Exceedingly common in 17th and 18th centuries.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent

tempestc1315

combustion1589

turbulence1598

turbulency1607

turbulentness1610

simoom1813

tornado1818

1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 45 Seeking to set al in combustion with schisme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 57 Prophecying..Of dyre Combustion, and confus'd Euents.

1640–4 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 477 The House required the five Members to depart..to the end to avoid Combustion in the House.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 225 Armie against Armie numberless to raise Dreadful combustion warring.

1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 280 A new discovery..served to throw every thing into still greater flame and combustion.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xi. 279 The inn-yard was in a sort of combustion.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. v. 169 He again prepared to throw his country into combustion.

c. (with a and plural)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent > instance of

combustion1579

hurricane1639

bluster1656

tear-up1886

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xx. 1182 Fearing a greater combustion they came to composition.

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4 The beginning of these Combustions [civil wars].

1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 323 I heard a Combustion among..the Women Servants.

1815 Ld. Byron Let. 12 June (1975) IV. 297 Whitbread wants us to assess the pit another sixpence..which will end in an O.P. combustion.

Compounds

combustion chamber n. (a) a space behind a furnace in which the hot gases from a boiler-grate become consumed; (b) in an internal combustion engine, the space in or above the cylinder where the charge is compressed and ignited; also attributive; (c) (see quot. 1950).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > rocket > [noun] > types of rocket engine > combustion chamber

combustion chamber1854

reaction chamber1909

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > steam engine > [noun] > parts of > chambers or reservoirs

receiver1702

hot well1729

catchwater drain1744

steam-vessel1769

explosion chamber1839

uptake1839

smoke-box1846

combustion chamber1854

receiver1873

tube-case1890

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > combustion chamber

combustion chamber1854

combuster1909

combustor1914

1854 R. S. Burn Steam-engine iii. 90 d is the fire-door, ff the combustion-chamber.

1854 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Sept. 271/1 The combustion chamber allows of the mixture of the gaseous products of the two fires.

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 80 Combustion chamber, that portion of a boiler flue in which the hot gases are burnt.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 1 Oct. 4/2 Carbon deposits from the piston or combustion-chamber walls.

1937 Discovery Sept. 269/2 The proper construction of combustion chambers.

1950 Sci. News 15 80 The third major item is the combustion chamber, which may include some means of lighting the propellants and certainly some means of injecting them; this chamber is the limiting factor in rocket design at the moment.

combustion-tube n. a tube of hard glass in which a substance may be reduced by combustion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > glass > test-tubes

dildo glassa1627

proof1791

tube1800

test-glass1827

test-tube1846

combustion-tube1861

1861 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 8) 391 The mode of heating the combustion-tube with red-hot charcoal is the original process.

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 227 (heading) Combustion-tubes... The best are made of the hard Bohemian glass.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	combustion
释义	combustionn. /kəmˈbʌstɪən//kəmˈbʌstʃən/ Forms: Also 1500s -yon. Etymology: < Old French combustion (14th cent. in Littré), < late Latin combūstiōn-em , noun of action < combūrĕre ; see combure v. 1. a. The action or process of burning; consumption or destruction by fire. (Not common in ordinary unscientific language.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] bruneOE brandOE burninga1300 ustion1567 exustion1583 combustiona1600 combusture1609 inustion?1630 ustulation1658 a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie vii. vii, in Wks. (1662) 19 The combustion of his Sanctuary..flaming before their eyes. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. xix. 17 They shal take of the ashes of combustion and of sinne. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. xxiv The combustion of the Library of Alexandria. View more context for this quotation 1824 S. Smith Amer. in Wks. (1867) II. 44 The faggots which each is preparing for the combustion of the other. 1867 Christian Remembrancer 52 245 The combustion of incense. †b. A conflagration, fire. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > destructive fireeOE wildfirea1122 burningc1425 embrasement1483 combustion1611 scathefire1632 conflagration1656 empyrosisa1676 firestorm1836 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 8 Catiline..that sought to bring it [Rome] to a combustion, or Nero..that did indeed set it on fire. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 47 Subiect it [Constantinople] hath bin to sundry horrible combustions. 1664 G. Etherege Comical Revenge iii. vii. 48 In combustions..To save their pretious Goods from raging fire. †c. spec. The burning of a corpse, cremation. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > cremation > [noun] combustion?1611 cremation1623 incremation1826 incineration1880 ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xxiii. 202 Nor more mourn at his burn'd bones, Than did the great prince to his friend at his combustions. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 4 Solemn combustion of Meneceus, and Archemorus. d. spontaneous combustion: the burning of a substance (or mass) from heat generated within itself; see spontaneous adj. e. combustion of money n. ‘the old way of trying mix'd and base Money by melting it down’ (Kersey). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > coining > [noun] > trial of purity or weight trial of the pyx1686 combustion of money1695 1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 5 A constitution was made, called the Trial by combustion. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. I. at Combustio pecuniae In the time of King Henry II a constitution was made, called the trial by combustion: the practice of which differed little or nothing from the present method of assaying silver. 2. a. The ordinary term in scientific use. As all ordinary combustion consists in the energetic combination of a body with oxygen, with evolution of heat and light, this was alone contemplated in earlier definitions of the term; but since it has been known that similar phenomena attend the combination of other elements, e.g. that of hydrogen and metals with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, combustion has been defined more generally as ‘The development of light and heat accompanying chemical combination’. internal combustion engine, etc.: see internal adj. and n. Compounds.Formerly, oxygen was regarded as essentially the supporter of combustion, the bodies which burned in it being called combustibles. Afterwards the former term was extended to all substances capable of forming vapours in which others can burn, as chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulphur; but since the same substance may sometimes act in both capacities, and since the vapours in question are actually consumed in the process, as truly as the so-called ‘combustible’, the distinction has gradually become obsolete. (Watts, etc.) Cf. comburent adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > combustion combustion1477 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] combustion1878 multi-engines1933 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 64 Of such Combustion greate hardnes shall be. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 340 Combustion is ignition, conuerting bodies by burning them into calx. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 171 It has long been ascertained, that combustion will not take place unless it be nourished by air. 1811 R. Hooper Quincy's Lexicon-medicum (new ed.) 220/2 s.v. The supporters of combustion known at present are..six. Oxigen gas, Air, Gaseous oxid of nitrogen, Nitrous gas, Nitric acid, Oxigenated muriatic acid. 1846 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces 25 Combustion being, in fact, chemical union, attended with heat and light. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 47 Combustion, or the combination of a combustible with oxygen. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 106 Being neither combustible like the one, nor a supporter of combustion like the other. b. In the sense of ‘combination of a body with oxygen’, the word has been applied to processes of oxidation unaccompanied by evolution of light, and not popularly considered as ‘burning’, such as take place in the tissues of organisms (internal combustion), in decomposing organic matter, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > oxidation > combustion combustion1800 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 561 Every combination of an acid with other substances, is a process of combustion, which cannot take place without the combination of the oxygen with the combustible element. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 80 A kind of slow combustion goes on in the body. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 722 The decomposition of the non-nitrogenous reserve material and its combustion into carbon dioxide and water. 1882 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Internal combustion, those processes of oxidation..which effect the maintenance of the animal heat. c. An operation consisting in the complete burning of a substance in a combustion-tube: used in quantitative analysis. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > combustion > as used in quantitative analysis combustion1863 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 227 When the temperature required for a combustion is very high, the tube should be protected. 1885 A. Christison et al. Life Sir R. Christison I. 273 I had successfully finished my first combustion. †3. Pathology (a) A burn; (b) inflammation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > inflammation > [noun] heatc1000 fireOE burning1382 phlegmona1398 disdainc1400 angerc1440 scaldingc1450 brounes1528 inflaming1530 combustion?1541 inflammation1541 incension1598 fieriness1600 angriness1612 exustion1657 phlogosis1666 phlegmasia1706 scald1882 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > burn or scald scaldinga1398 fire burning?a1425 combustion?1541 burning1542 ambustion1590 burn1594 scald1601 ustion1607 scorch1611 powder burn1864 flash burn1946 ?1541 R. Copland Formularie of Helpes of Woundes & Sores in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Tij^v Vnguentum..merueylous to consolydate and drye the conbustyons and woundes of synewes. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 332 Take Lintseede..and applye it on the combustion. Some doe onlye annoynte the burne with Linteseede oyle. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 334/1 Heerewith annoynte the combustion both eveninge, and morninge. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 335/1 This draweth out the heate and combustion, and then it cureth. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iv. iii. 460 Cauteries or searings with hot yrons, combustions, boarings. 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 68 Combustion of the joynts, will admit of no sharp remedies. †4. Astrology. Obscuration of a planet or star by proximity to the sun. Obsolete. See combust adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > state of being visible > eclipse > by sun combustion1556 oppression1556 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 196 The darkenynge or hidynge of the starre..within 15 degrees of the Sonne..is called of many men Combustion. 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell ix. 112 With the naturall situation of Countreyes, a Traveller should observe..the Political position thereof, how some are seated like Mercury amongst the Planets, who for the most part is either in combustion or obscurity. 1647 W. Lilly Christian Astrol. xxvi. 165 Her Dispositor was in his Detriment, and entring Combustion. 1721–97 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. 1743 E. Stone New Math. Dict. (ed. 2) (at cited word) A Planet..not above eight Degrees and Thirty Minutes distant from the Sun..is said then to be combust, or in Combustion. 5. figurative and transferred. a. with explicit reference to sense 1. ΚΠ 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. i. 109 By their pious tears to quench the combustions in the Empire. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xv. 20 This powr'd oyl on the fire..and put all in combustion. 1778 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (ed. 2) II. vi. 265 Where there were disappointed leaders ripe for revolt..it was not difficult to kindle combustion. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iii. i. 147 In spiritual invisible combustion, [mounts up] one authority after another. b. Violent excitement or commotion, disorder, confusion, tumult, hubbub. (Exceedingly common in 17th and 18th centuries.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent tempestc1315 combustion1589 turbulence1598 turbulency1607 turbulentness1610 simoom1813 tornado1818 1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 45 Seeking to set al in combustion with schisme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 57 Prophecying..Of dyre Combustion, and confus'd Euents. View more context for this quotation 1640–4 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 477 The House required the five Members to depart..to the end to avoid Combustion in the House. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 225 Armie against Armie numberless to raise Dreadful combustion warring. View more context for this quotation 1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 280 A new discovery..served to throw every thing into still greater flame and combustion. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xi. 279 The inn-yard was in a sort of combustion. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. i. v. 169 He again prepared to throw his country into combustion. c. (with a and plural) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent > instance of combustion1579 hurricane1639 bluster1656 tear-up1886 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin xx. 1182 Fearing a greater combustion they came to composition. 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4 The beginning of these Combustions [civil wars]. 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 323 I heard a Combustion among..the Women Servants. 1815 Ld. Byron Let. 12 June (1975) IV. 297 Whitbread wants us to assess the pit another sixpence..which will end in an O.P. combustion. Compounds combustion chamber n. (a) a space behind a furnace in which the hot gases from a boiler-grate become consumed; (b) in an internal combustion engine, the space in or above the cylinder where the charge is compressed and ignited; also attributive; (c) (see quot. 1950). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > rocket > [noun] > types of rocket engine > combustion chamber combustion chamber1854 reaction chamber1909 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > steam engine > [noun] > parts of > chambers or reservoirs receiver1702 hot well1729 catchwater drain1744 steam-vessel1769 explosion chamber1839 uptake1839 smoke-box1846 combustion chamber1854 receiver1873 tube-case1890 society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > combustion chamber combustion chamber1854 combuster1909 combustor1914 1854 R. S. Burn Steam-engine iii. 90 d is the fire-door, ff the combustion-chamber. 1854 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Sept. 271/1 The combustion chamber allows of the mixture of the gaseous products of the two fires. 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 80 Combustion chamber, that portion of a boiler flue in which the hot gases are burnt. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 1 Oct. 4/2 Carbon deposits from the piston or combustion-chamber walls. 1937 Discovery Sept. 269/2 The proper construction of combustion chambers. 1950 Sci. News 15 80 The third major item is the combustion chamber, which may include some means of lighting the propellants and certainly some means of injecting them; this chamber is the limiting factor in rocket design at the moment. combustion-tube n. a tube of hard glass in which a substance may be reduced by combustion. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > glass > test-tubes dildo glassa1627 proof1791 tube1800 test-glass1827 test-tube1846 combustion-tube1861 1861 H. B. Jones & A. W. Hoffman Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 8) 391 The mode of heating the combustion-tube with red-hot charcoal is the original process. 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 227 (heading) Combustion-tubes... The best are made of the hard Bohemian glass. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1477
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