comprehensionn.

/kɒmprɪˈhɛnʃən/

Forms: In Middle English -cion.

Etymology: < Latin comprehensiōn-em a seizing, comprising, noun of action < comprehendĕre to comprehend v. Compare French comprehension (15th cent. in Littré), which may be the origin of some English uses.

I. Inclusion, comprising.

a. The action of comprehending, comprising, or including; the fact or condition of being so comprehended or comprised in a treatise, classification, description, proposition, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [noun]

incorporation1398

corporation1439

inclusiona1500

comprehension1541

incorporature1570

incorporating1579

including1598

incision1601

insition1601

comprising1603

assumption1617

inlaying1674

embodying1677

1541 T. Wyatt Defence in K. Muir Life & Lett. (1963) 199 I shulde wysshe..that the kinge shulde be lefte owte of that comprehension.

1543 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 425–6 (Jam.) Quhatsumeuir the kingis maiestie or the parliament of Scotland sall comprehend generalie or specialie, it salbe addit that gif the samin comprehenss deteyne or withhald ony land..from the kingis maistie..the samin comprehenss sall nocht enjoye the benefite of that comprehensioune.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 1 Questions are called infinite, whiche..are propounded, without comprehension of time, place, and persone.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xx. 33 In the olde Testament there is a close comprehension of the newe, in the newe an open discouerie of the olde.

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 1 A better Education, in extent and comprehension farre more large.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 175. ⁋3 The excellence of aphorisms consists..in the comprehension of some obvious and useful truth in a few words.

1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 173 If in the one we see humanity at head-quarters in time, in the other we see it at head-quarters in comprehension.

b. Rhetoric. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 107 b Comprehension is when bothe the above rehersed figures [i.e. Repetition and Conversion] are..used, so that bothe one first worde must ofte be rehersed, and likewise al one last worde. What winneth the hartes of men? Liberalitie. What continueth the estate of a king? Liberalitie, etc.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Comprehension, in Rhetorick, a Trope, or Figure whereby the Name of a Whole is put for a Part; or that of a Part for a Whole.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Harris).

c. English History. Ecclesiastical inclusion; esp. the inclusion of Nonconformists within the Established Church by enlarging the terms of ecclesiastical communion.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > inclusion of nonconformists

comprehension1668

1668 S. Pepys Diary 5 Feb. (1976) IX. 51 An Act of Comprehension is likely to pass this Parliament, for admitting of all persuasions in religion to the public observation of their perticular worship.

1684 R. Baxter Catholick Communion 13 The restoring of Nonconformists, by..a Comprehension.

1738 D. Neal Hist. Puritans IV. 277 The conference between the Episcopal and Presbyterian Divines about a Comprehension.

1828 C. Lamb Let. 5 Dec. (1935) III. 193 I am for a Comprehension, as Divines call it, but so as that the Church shall go a good deal more than halfway over to the Silent Meeting house.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 495 The pertinacity with which the High Church party..refused even to deliberate on any plan of Comprehension.

2. The faculty or quality of comprehending; inclusive force; comprehensiveness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [noun] > comprehensiveness

comprehension1614

comprehensiveness1635

comprehensibility1654

embracingness1872

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 75 Those names..are of much narrower comprehension.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 515 The Love of God..is of vast Comprehension.

1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 193 The affluence and comprehension of our language is..displayed in our poetical translations of Ancient Writers.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) II. 73 Words..of the widest comprehension, or rather extending to the whole duty of a good and honourable man.

†3. A comprehensive arrangement, summation, summary of any matter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun]

abbreviationa1464

summary1509

breve1523

bridgement1523

abbreviate1531

summulary1533

breviary1547

extract1549

digest1555

brief1563

promptuary1577

abbreviature1578

institute1578

breviation1580

breviate1581

compendiary1589

symbol1594

ramass1596

compendium1608

abridgement1609

digestment1610

digestion1613

epitome1623

abridge1634

comprisal1640

comprisurea1641

syntome1641

medulla1644

multum in parvo1653

contracta1657

landscape1656

comprehension1659

sylloge1686

contraction1697

résumé1782

compend1796

sum-up1848

roundup1884

wrap-up1960

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed To Rdr. The Creed..is a brief comprehension of the objects of our Christian faith.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 208 That grand idea..is the treasury and comprehension of all knowledge.

a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) xix. 411 We must..fix on this wise and religious Aphorism in my Text, as the Sum and Comprehension of all.

4. Logic. The sum of the attributes comprehended in a notion or concept; intension.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > logical intension

comprehension1725

intension1836

quantity1843

intensionality1937

1725 I. Watts Logick i. iii. 54 In universal Ideas it is proper to consider their Comprehension and their Extension.

1836 W. Hamilton Lect. Logic viii The Internal Quantity of a notion,—its Intension or Comprehension, is made up of..the various characters connected by the concept itself into a single whole in thought.

1885 J. Veitch Institutes of Logic §238 In Comprehension, the individual..contains a sum of attributes.

II. Mental grasping, understanding.

a. The action or fact of comprehending with the mind; understanding.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension

knowing1340

taking1395

apprehending1398

feela1400

conceitc1405

perceitc1460

comprehension?15..

intellection?1526

apprension1589

making-outa1601

reception1612

uptaking1614

perceivancy1649

comprehending1668

recognition1749

prehension1836

prension1837

wavelength1925

?15.. Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 10 For crafte nor for cuninge, [Cas]te never comprehencion.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 92 Νοησις, Intelligence, which they make to be a comprehension of the first principes of Science.

1729 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. (ed. 2) Pref. p. v The Title of Sermons gives some Right to expect what is plain and of easie Comprehension.

1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 69 Deficiency of temper, and judgment, and manly comprehension of the public interest.

1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men I. xiv. 300 No men are so solemn..as the dull of comprehension.

b. The ability to understand a passage of text and answer questions on it, esp. as a school or psychological exercise; a test of this ability. Frequently attributive, as comprehension test, etc.

ΚΠ

1921 C. L. Burt Mental & Scholastic Tests iii. iii. 275 A comprehension test is best framed upon the principle of a ‘directions’ test.

1960 P. E. Vernon Intelligence & Attainment Tests iv. 58 British Army & Navy psychologists during the war often used Comprehension, Vocabulary and Block Design [tests].

1965 W. H. N. Hotopf Lang., Thought & Comprehension v. 130 This contrasts with the current approach to the teaching of comprehension. One has only to think of the neat gobbets of factual writing of which most comprehension tests are composed to be aware of the difference.

1981 C. Ward Preparing & using Objective Questions ix. 95 (heading) Setting comprehension and application questions.

6. The mental state or condition of comprehending (often viewed as a property which one may have); an adequate notion.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [noun]

i-witnessc888

knowledging?c1225

wittinga1300

beknowing1340

sciencec1350

bekenningc1380

knowinga1398

knowledgea1398

meaninga1398

cunningshipa1400

feela1400

understanda1400

cognizancec1400

kenningc1400

witc1400

recognizancec1436

cognition1447

recognitionc1450

cognoscencec1540

conscience1570

comprehension1597

comprehense1604

cognizant1634

sciency1642

scibility1677

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension > state of

comprehension1597

comprehense1604

receptivenessa1651

receivableness1654

recipiency1850

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxiii. 151 The comprehension which she hath of God.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. x. 39 Mechanicke and vulgar heads ascend not unto such comprehensions .

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 429 A subject of which he has not the most distant comprehension.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §23. 70 What has changed your state from one of perplexity to one of comprehension?

1891 N.E.D. at Comprehension Mod. To attain to a full comprehension of the subject.

7. The faculty of grasping with the mind, power of receiving and containing ideas, mental grasp.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun]

witOE

understandinga1050

intention1340

intendmentc1374

knowledgea1387

intelligencec1390

conceitc1405

intellect?a1475

perceiverancea1500

perceiverationa1500

receipta1500

intendiment1528

reach1542

apprehension1570

toucha1586

understandingnessa1628

apprehensivenessa1639

ingenuity1651

comprehensiona1662

intelligibility1661

intelligency1663

uptake1816

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 211 A work..not to be entertained by a man of such narrow comprehensions, as were ascribed unto him..by one of the Peers.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vii. 123 A scheme, quite beyond our Comprehension.

1795 W. Roscoe Life Lorenzo de' Medici x Exhibiting..depth of penetration..and comprehension of mind.

1889 H. B. Wheatley How to Catalogue 3 To think that every thing is to be brought down to the comprehension of the fool.

†III. In physical contexts.

8. Physical grasping, compression. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > [noun] > laying hold or seizing

gripinga1300

arrestc1386

gripe1393

seizingc1400

henting1440

kippingc1440

prensation1620

gripping1632

apprehension1646

comprehension1712

prehension1807

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > compression or constriction > state or condition

compression1603

astringency1669

comprehension1712

1712 More's Antidote against Atheism ii. ii, in Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 4) 45 Such a comprehension of the Particle [of air] as there is in the hairs of a lock of Wool.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	comprehension
释义	comprehensionn. /kɒmprɪˈhɛnʃən/ Forms: In Middle English -cion. Etymology: < Latin comprehensiōn-em a seizing, comprising, noun of action < comprehendĕre to comprehend v. Compare French comprehension (15th cent. in Littré), which may be the origin of some English uses. I. Inclusion, comprising. 1. a. The action of comprehending, comprising, or including; the fact or condition of being so comprehended or comprised in a treatise, classification, description, proposition, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [noun] incorporation1398 corporation1439 inclusiona1500 comprehension1541 incorporature1570 incorporating1579 including1598 incision1601 insition1601 comprising1603 assumption1617 inlaying1674 embodying1677 1541 T. Wyatt Defence in K. Muir Life & Lett. (1963) 199 I shulde wysshe..that the kinge shulde be lefte owte of that comprehension. 1543 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 425–6 (Jam.) Quhatsumeuir the kingis maiestie or the parliament of Scotland sall comprehend generalie or specialie, it salbe addit that gif the samin comprehenss deteyne or withhald ony land..from the kingis maistie..the samin comprehenss sall nocht enjoye the benefite of that comprehensioune. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 1 Questions are called infinite, whiche..are propounded, without comprehension of time, place, and persone. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xx. 33 In the olde Testament there is a close comprehension of the newe, in the newe an open discouerie of the olde. 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 1 A better Education, in extent and comprehension farre more large. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 175. ⁋3 The excellence of aphorisms consists..in the comprehension of some obvious and useful truth in a few words. 1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 173 If in the one we see humanity at head-quarters in time, in the other we see it at head-quarters in comprehension. b. Rhetoric. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 107 b Comprehension is when bothe the above rehersed figures [i.e. Repetition and Conversion] are..used, so that bothe one first worde must ofte be rehersed, and likewise al one last worde. What winneth the hartes of men? Liberalitie. What continueth the estate of a king? Liberalitie, etc. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Comprehension, in Rhetorick, a Trope, or Figure whereby the Name of a Whole is put for a Part; or that of a Part for a Whole. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Harris). c. English History. Ecclesiastical inclusion; esp. the inclusion of Nonconformists within the Established Church by enlarging the terms of ecclesiastical communion. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > establishmentarianism > [noun] > inclusion of nonconformists comprehension1668 1668 S. Pepys Diary 5 Feb. (1976) IX. 51 An Act of Comprehension is likely to pass this Parliament, for admitting of all persuasions in religion to the public observation of their perticular worship. 1684 R. Baxter Catholick Communion 13 The restoring of Nonconformists, by..a Comprehension. 1738 D. Neal Hist. Puritans IV. 277 The conference between the Episcopal and Presbyterian Divines about a Comprehension. 1828 C. Lamb Let. 5 Dec. (1935) III. 193 I am for a Comprehension, as Divines call it, but so as that the Church shall go a good deal more than halfway over to the Silent Meeting house. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiv. 495 The pertinacity with which the High Church party..refused even to deliberate on any plan of Comprehension. 2. The faculty or quality of comprehending; inclusive force; comprehensiveness. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [noun] > comprehensiveness comprehension1614 comprehensiveness1635 comprehensibility1654 embracingness1872 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 75 Those names..are of much narrower comprehension. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. III. 515 The Love of God..is of vast Comprehension. 1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 193 The affluence and comprehension of our language is..displayed in our poetical translations of Ancient Writers. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) II. 73 Words..of the widest comprehension, or rather extending to the whole duty of a good and honourable man. †3. A comprehensive arrangement, summation, summary of any matter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] abbreviationa1464 summary1509 breve1523 bridgement1523 abbreviate1531 summulary1533 breviary1547 extract1549 digest1555 brief1563 promptuary1577 abbreviature1578 institute1578 breviation1580 breviate1581 compendiary1589 symbol1594 ramass1596 compendium1608 abridgement1609 digestment1610 digestion1613 epitome1623 abridge1634 comprisal1640 comprisurea1641 syntome1641 medulla1644 multum in parvo1653 contracta1657 landscape1656 comprehension1659 sylloge1686 contraction1697 résumé1782 compend1796 sum-up1848 roundup1884 wrap-up1960 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed To Rdr. The Creed..is a brief comprehension of the objects of our Christian faith. 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 208 That grand idea..is the treasury and comprehension of all knowledge. a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) xix. 411 We must..fix on this wise and religious Aphorism in my Text, as the Sum and Comprehension of all. 4. Logic. The sum of the attributes comprehended in a notion or concept; intension. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > logical intension comprehension1725 intension1836 quantity1843 intensionality1937 1725 I. Watts Logick i. iii. 54 In universal Ideas it is proper to consider their Comprehension and their Extension. 1836 W. Hamilton Lect. Logic viii The Internal Quantity of a notion,—its Intension or Comprehension, is made up of..the various characters connected by the concept itself into a single whole in thought. 1885 J. Veitch Institutes of Logic §238 In Comprehension, the individual..contains a sum of attributes. II. Mental grasping, understanding. 5. a. The action or fact of comprehending with the mind; understanding. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension knowing1340 taking1395 apprehending1398 feela1400 conceitc1405 perceitc1460 comprehension?15.. intellection?1526 apprension1589 making-outa1601 reception1612 uptaking1614 perceivancy1649 comprehending1668 recognition1749 prehension1836 prension1837 wavelength1925 ?15.. Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 10 For crafte nor for cuninge, [Cas]te never comprehencion. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 92 Νοησις, Intelligence, which they make to be a comprehension of the first principes of Science. 1729 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. (ed. 2) Pref. p. v The Title of Sermons gives some Right to expect what is plain and of easie Comprehension. 1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 69 Deficiency of temper, and judgment, and manly comprehension of the public interest. 1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men I. xiv. 300 No men are so solemn..as the dull of comprehension. b. The ability to understand a passage of text and answer questions on it, esp. as a school or psychological exercise; a test of this ability. Frequently attributive, as comprehension test, etc. ΚΠ 1921 C. L. Burt Mental & Scholastic Tests iii. iii. 275 A comprehension test is best framed upon the principle of a ‘directions’ test. 1960 P. E. Vernon Intelligence & Attainment Tests iv. 58 British Army & Navy psychologists during the war often used Comprehension, Vocabulary and Block Design [tests]. 1965 W. H. N. Hotopf Lang., Thought & Comprehension v. 130 This contrasts with the current approach to the teaching of comprehension. One has only to think of the neat gobbets of factual writing of which most comprehension tests are composed to be aware of the difference. 1981 C. Ward Preparing & using Objective Questions ix. 95 (heading) Setting comprehension and application questions. 6. The mental state or condition of comprehending (often viewed as a property which one may have); an adequate notion. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > [noun] i-witnessc888 knowledging?c1225 wittinga1300 beknowing1340 sciencec1350 bekenningc1380 knowinga1398 knowledgea1398 meaninga1398 cunningshipa1400 feela1400 understanda1400 cognizancec1400 kenningc1400 witc1400 recognizancec1436 cognition1447 recognitionc1450 cognoscencec1540 conscience1570 comprehension1597 comprehense1604 cognizant1634 sciency1642 scibility1677 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] > understanding, comprehension > state of comprehension1597 comprehense1604 receptivenessa1651 receivableness1654 recipiency1850 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxiii. 151 The comprehension which she hath of God. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. x. 39 Mechanicke and vulgar heads ascend not unto such comprehensions . View more context for this quotation 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 429 A subject of which he has not the most distant comprehension. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iv. §23. 70 What has changed your state from one of perplexity to one of comprehension? 1891 N.E.D. at Comprehension Mod. To attain to a full comprehension of the subject. 7. The faculty of grasping with the mind, power of receiving and containing ideas, mental grasp. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > [noun] witOE understandinga1050 intention1340 intendmentc1374 knowledgea1387 intelligencec1390 conceitc1405 intellect?a1475 perceiverancea1500 perceiverationa1500 receipta1500 intendiment1528 reach1542 apprehension1570 toucha1586 understandingnessa1628 apprehensivenessa1639 ingenuity1651 comprehensiona1662 intelligibility1661 intelligency1663 uptake1816 a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) i. 211 A work..not to be entertained by a man of such narrow comprehensions, as were ascribed unto him..by one of the Peers. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vii. 123 A scheme, quite beyond our Comprehension. 1795 W. Roscoe Life Lorenzo de' Medici x Exhibiting..depth of penetration..and comprehension of mind. 1889 H. B. Wheatley How to Catalogue 3 To think that every thing is to be brought down to the comprehension of the fool. †III. In physical contexts. 8. Physical grasping, compression. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > [noun] > laying hold or seizing gripinga1300 arrestc1386 gripe1393 seizingc1400 henting1440 kippingc1440 prensation1620 gripping1632 apprehension1646 comprehension1712 prehension1807 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > compression or constriction > state or condition compression1603 astringency1669 comprehension1712 1712 More's Antidote against Atheism ii. ii, in Coll. Several Philos. Writings (ed. 4) 45 Such a comprehension of the Particle [of air] as there is in the hairs of a lock of Wool. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.?15..
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