commonwealn.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmənwiːl/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmənˌwil/

Forms: see common adj. and adv. and weal n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: common adj., weal n.¹

Etymology: < common adj. + weal n.¹ Compare later commonwealth n. With sense 2 compare slightly earlier common good n. 1.Originally (and in sense 1 still occasionally) spelt as two words; compare general weal , public weal (for both, see weal n.¹), weal-public n., and also public good n. at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b and the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry. Compare also classical Latin rēs publica republic n. and rēs commūnis.

Now archaic.

1. The people of a nation, state, etc., as a whole; a state, nation, or independent community, esp. viewed as an entity in which the whole population has a voice or interest; = commonwealth n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > [noun]

commonaltyc1300

commonweal?a1400

commonality?c1400

commonwealth1445

weal-public1495

weal1513

society1566

public1621

leviathan1651

community1737

general public1854

collectivity1881

(le) tout Paris1894

John Q.1922

Joe Citizen1932

the world > people > nations > [noun] > commonwealth

commonweal?a1400

commonwealth1445

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun]

commona1382

commontya1382

policya1393

communitya1398

commonweal?a1400

politic1429

commonwealth1445

well public1447

public thinga1450

public weala1470

body politica1475

weal-public1495

statea1500

politic bodyc1537

body1545

public state1546

civil-wealth1547

republic?1549

state1553

polity1555

publica1586

estate1605

corps politic1696

negara1955

negeri1958

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4961 Þe comen wele was paied of þat conseilyng þat it were not delaied, so was Richard þe kyng.

c1450 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 285 (MED) Þe complesshynge off oure desyre, whych concernyth all þe commen wele off oure saide Universite.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.vi^v Wherefore are magistrates ordayned, but that the tranquillitye of the commune weale maye bee confirmed.

1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale i. v. 38 The state of Families and Commonweals is alwaies in daunger of trouble and ruine, by the conspiracie of slaues combining themselues together: all Histories being full of seruile rebellions and warres.

1726 J. Thomson Winter 11 Solon, the next, who built his Commonweal, On Equity's firm Base.

1862 C. Kingsley Alton Locke (new ed.) Pref. p. xxiii The most truly liberal-minded class of the commonweal.

2008 New Yorker 15 Sept. 84/3 More damaging to the common weal than internecine brawling is the sheer amount of pontificating..and prognosticating and chest puffing that is engaged in by the cast of dubious characters who are given a forum on cable-news programs.

2. Common well-being; esp. the general good, welfare, or prosperity of a community or country as a whole; = commonwealth n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > relation in respect of > general or public

wealth1390

common gooda1393

the sum of things?c1400

public good1427

commonweal1429

weal1444

commonwealtha1450

public weala1470

common publicc1475

weal-public1495

public wealth1541

public welfare1579

publica1586

public interest1591

the public (also general) concern1707

summa rerum1715

1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §62. m. 2 Þe seid inhabitauntz ben susteners and supportours of alle hem þat done contrarie to þe welfare and gode governance made..for commun welle of alle þis roiaume.

c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 191 They [sc. the Kentish insurgents] wente, as they sayde, for the comyn wele of the realme of Ingelonde.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth Pref. sig. A.iii I do it for a common weele [1547 a common weale].

1553 Queen Mary I in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) III. ii. 171 (App. i. 3) As shall avaunce Gods glory and the commonweal.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 157 To the Commonweale and Prosperity of our Subiects.

1793 W. Preston Democratic Rage iii. iii. 49 I detest All luke-warm counsels and ambiguous paths, That steer, 'twixt tyranny and common weal.

1874 F. Seebohm Protestant Revol. (1887) 7 Citizens for whose common weal the nation is to be governed.

1978 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 72 962/1 Any reasonable inequality can be justified as long as it contributes to the substantive commonweal or at least does not endanger citizens.

2004 BusinessWeek 9 Aug. 75/1 In a Googlish spirit of sharing information toward the commonweal, here are some ideas.

†3. A republic or democratic state; = commonwealth n. 3. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use for poetic reasons.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by the people

democracy1539

commonwealth1542

state1565

free state1567

commonalty1604

republic1604

people-state1606

populacy1632

peopledom1657

commonality1680

rep1701

commonweal1733

pantarchy1870

1733 J. Swift On Poetry 22 They plot to turn in factious Zeal, Duncenia to a Common-weal.

Compounds

Christian commonweal n. now chiefly historical and rare Christian people collectively; Christendom.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > [noun] > domain of

ChristendomOE

Christianitya1300

Christdomc1500

husbandry1526

Christiandom1548

Christian commonweal1559

1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. viii. 20 The Christian commonweale is decayed.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes To Rdr. The..state of the Christian commonweale..might..mooue euen a right stonie heart to ruth.

1798 T. L. O'Beirne Serm. 43 We have seen the conspiracy..subvert, throughout a great portion of the Christian commonweal, religion, morals, social order.

1874 Spectator 3 Jan. 20/2 One of the deepest problems which has ever perplexed humanity—namely, the compatibility of extreme luxury with the widest civilisation or Christian common weal.

1974 Notre Dame Eng. Jrnl. 9 57 The Victorian essayist agrees with this youthful self that war does serve the Christian commonweal.

† commonweal man n. Obsolete a man who is devoted to the interests of a commonwealth; a patriot; = commonwealth man n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > public-spiritedness > [noun] > person

commonwealth man1556

commonweal man1587

wealsmana1616

republican1691

national1766

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 200 Ridding goode Commonwealemen out of the way, that he may mainteyne himselfe still in his tyrannie.

1682 Carnal Prudence Display'd sig. B^v A wicked King breaking God's Holy Covenant, may by holy Commonweal-men be depos'd, for that the Spirit of the Lord is departed from him, and that he is no more Anointed; and by consequence no King.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	commonweal
释义	commonwealn. Brit. /ˈkɒmənwiːl/, U.S. /ˈkɑmənˌwil/ Forms: see common adj. and adv. and weal n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: common adj., weal n.¹ Etymology: < common adj. + weal n.¹ Compare later commonwealth n. With sense 2 compare slightly earlier common good n. 1.Originally (and in sense 1 still occasionally) spelt as two words; compare general weal , public weal (for both, see weal n.¹), weal-public n., and also public good n. at public adj. and n. Compounds 1b and the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry. Compare also classical Latin rēs publica republic n. and rēs commūnis. Now archaic. 1. The people of a nation, state, etc., as a whole; a state, nation, or independent community, esp. viewed as an entity in which the whole population has a voice or interest; = commonwealth n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > [noun] commonaltyc1300 commonweal?a1400 commonality?c1400 commonwealth1445 weal-public1495 weal1513 society1566 public1621 leviathan1651 community1737 general public1854 collectivity1881 (le) tout Paris1894 John Q.1922 Joe Citizen1932 the world > people > nations > [noun] > commonwealth commonweal?a1400 commonwealth1445 society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] commona1382 commontya1382 policya1393 communitya1398 commonweal?a1400 politic1429 commonwealth1445 well public1447 public thinga1450 public weala1470 body politica1475 weal-public1495 statea1500 politic bodyc1537 body1545 public state1546 civil-wealth1547 republic?1549 state1553 polity1555 publica1586 estate1605 corps politic1696 negara1955 negeri1958 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4961 Þe comen wele was paied of þat conseilyng þat it were not delaied, so was Richard þe kyng. c1450 in H. Anstey Epistolae Academicae Oxon. (1898) I. 285 (MED) Þe complesshynge off oure desyre, whych concernyth all þe commen wele off oure saide Universite. 1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. B.vi^v Wherefore are magistrates ordayned, but that the tranquillitye of the commune weale maye bee confirmed. 1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale i. v. 38 The state of Families and Commonweals is alwaies in daunger of trouble and ruine, by the conspiracie of slaues combining themselues together: all Histories being full of seruile rebellions and warres. 1726 J. Thomson Winter 11 Solon, the next, who built his Commonweal, On Equity's firm Base. 1862 C. Kingsley Alton Locke (new ed.) Pref. p. xxiii The most truly liberal-minded class of the commonweal. 2008 New Yorker 15 Sept. 84/3 More damaging to the common weal than internecine brawling is the sheer amount of pontificating..and prognosticating and chest puffing that is engaged in by the cast of dubious characters who are given a forum on cable-news programs. 2. Common well-being; esp. the general good, welfare, or prosperity of a community or country as a whole; = commonwealth n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > relation in respect of > general or public wealth1390 common gooda1393 the sum of things?c1400 public good1427 commonweal1429 weal1444 commonwealtha1450 public weala1470 common publicc1475 weal-public1495 public wealth1541 public welfare1579 publica1586 public interest1591 the public (also general) concern1707 summa rerum1715 1429–30 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Sept. 1429 §62. m. 2 Þe seid inhabitauntz ben susteners and supportours of alle hem þat done contrarie to þe welfare and gode governance made..for commun welle of alle þis roiaume. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 191 They [sc. the Kentish insurgents] wente, as they sayde, for the comyn wele of the realme of Ingelonde. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth Pref. sig. A.iii I do it for a common weele [1547 a common weale]. 1553 Queen Mary I in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1822) III. ii. 171 (App. i. 3) As shall avaunce Gods glory and the commonweal. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 157 To the Commonweale and Prosperity of our Subiects. 1793 W. Preston Democratic Rage iii. iii. 49 I detest All luke-warm counsels and ambiguous paths, That steer, 'twixt tyranny and common weal. 1874 F. Seebohm Protestant Revol. (1887) 7 Citizens for whose common weal the nation is to be governed. 1978 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 72 962/1 Any reasonable inequality can be justified as long as it contributes to the substantive commonweal or at least does not endanger citizens. 2004 BusinessWeek 9 Aug. 75/1 In a Googlish spirit of sharing information toward the commonweal, here are some ideas. †3. A republic or democratic state; = commonwealth n. 3. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use for poetic reasons. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > state ruled by the people democracy1539 commonwealth1542 state1565 free state1567 commonalty1604 republic1604 people-state1606 populacy1632 peopledom1657 commonality1680 rep1701 commonweal1733 pantarchy1870 1733 J. Swift On Poetry 22 They plot to turn in factious Zeal, Duncenia to a Common-weal. Compounds Christian commonweal n. now chiefly historical and rare Christian people collectively; Christendom. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > [noun] > domain of ChristendomOE Christianitya1300 Christdomc1500 husbandry1526 Christiandom1548 Christian commonweal1559 1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. viii. 20 The Christian commonweale is decayed. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes To Rdr. The..state of the Christian commonweale..might..mooue euen a right stonie heart to ruth. 1798 T. L. O'Beirne Serm. 43 We have seen the conspiracy..subvert, throughout a great portion of the Christian commonweal, religion, morals, social order. 1874 Spectator 3 Jan. 20/2 One of the deepest problems which has ever perplexed humanity—namely, the compatibility of extreme luxury with the widest civilisation or Christian common weal. 1974 Notre Dame Eng. Jrnl. 9 57 The Victorian essayist agrees with this youthful self that war does serve the Christian commonweal. † commonweal man n. Obsolete a man who is devoted to the interests of a commonwealth; a patriot; = commonwealth man n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > public-spiritedness > [noun] > person commonwealth man1556 commonweal man1587 wealsmana1616 republican1691 national1766 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xii. 200 Ridding goode Commonwealemen out of the way, that he may mainteyne himselfe still in his tyrannie. 1682 Carnal Prudence Display'd sig. B^v A wicked King breaking God's Holy Covenant, may by holy Commonweal-men be depos'd, for that the Spirit of the Lord is departed from him, and that he is no more Anointed; and by consequence no King. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1400
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