communingn.

Brit.

/kəˈmjuːnɪŋ/, U.S.

/kəˈmjunɪŋ/

Forms: Middle English comuning, Middle English comuninge, Middle English comwnynge, Middle English komunynge, Middle English–1500s communyng, Middle English–1500s communynge, Middle English–1500s comunyng, Middle English–1500s comunynge, Middle English– communing; Scottish pre-1700 comuning, pre-1700 1700s– communing, 1900s– communin'.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commune v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < commune v. + -ing suffix¹.

†1. Communion, fellowship. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > communion > [noun]

fellowredc1230

commonc1300

communing1357

brotherheadc1384

fellowshipc1384

commoninga1400

communionc1405

brotherhooda1425

sodality1602

consent1635

correspondence1642

converse1668

koinonia1907

J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 101 Halikirk our modir..is communyng and felawred of al cristen folk, That communes to-gedir in the sacrementȝ.

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 58 The puple bileuith not stidefastli the comunynge of seyntis.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 25087 (MED) To haf wit santes communing, þis es a pointe of vr truing.

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 38/2 Whanne euer þei iustly..putten vs oute of cristen or saued mennys comuning or felawschip.

1509 Paternoster, Ave & Creed (W. de W.) A iij I trowe in..holy chirche unyversall, comunynge of sayntes.

2. The action of administering, receiving, or joining together in the Eucharist. rare after 16th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of

commoningc1384

communingc1425

communion1440

perceptionc1450

sumptionc1450

sustentationc1450

manducationa1513

receipt?a1513

communicating1550

communication1550

mastication1601

theanthropophagy1654

theophagy1875

c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) ii. 42 (MED) Þei wore þanne lastande in þo apostuls techinge, ande in komunynge of brekinge of brede, ande in preyers.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) vi. 1 Comunynge of sacrament of þe autere.

1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Fvi^v Mutual receipt and comunyng of them.

?1570 tr. Shepardes Kalendar (rev. ed.) vii. sig. C.viii^v Communynge of the Sacrament.

1785 W. Huntington Epist. of Faith xxv. 211 He tells them that their communing was sinful, instead of holy; that they contracted guilt at it, instead of receiving grace in it.

1842 Universalist Union 8 Jan. 115/2 We should not fail to seal our vows by making an offering of gratitude in communing of the body and the blood of Christ.

2000 B. D. Marshall Trinity & Truth ii. 23 In Western churches the communing of infants and children is now increasingly widespread.

3. The action or an act of conversing, conferring, or consulting with someone; debate, discussion, deliberation. Now rare (Scottish in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > sharing > [noun]

del-takingc825

partakingc1384

partingc1384

communingc1425

participation?a1475

communicating1550

sharing1598

intercommonage1628

compartition1636

copartiality1677

deal1873

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting

aughteOE

redeOE

somrunec1275

speakingc1275

counselc1290

deliberationc1405

advisement1414

commoninga1425

communingc1425

imparlement1450

imparling1450

parleyc1490

parleying1508

counselment1523

parling1527

counsellinga1533

practice1540

interview1541

consultation1548

parliance1553

conference1555

enterparling1557

consult1560

imparlee1565

parlance1577

imparlance1579

parliamenting1582

deliberative1590

converse1614

parliamentation1622

powwowing1642

consulting1823

powwowism1873

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3665 (MED) While þe trewe dide þus endure, Þei fil in trete and in comwnynge Of Anthenor and Thoas þe kyng.

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 343/1 He whome the seide matier toucheth shal noght be present, whiles the same matier..is in communyng.

c1450 (?c1425) St. Christina in Anglia (1885) 8 130 Cownseylles and communynges.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccx^v After euery man had talked inough, there was no more communyng of the matter, but all was in peace.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation (1644) ii. 160 Our Gentlemen.., after so many Communings, returned for the most part to their dwelling places.

?a1736 J. Hog Mem. (1798) vi. 91 They charge on him and build a process upon mistakes and aspersions, which he had been at great pains to take off both in more private communings.

1788 J. Skinner Eccl. Hist. Scotl. II. 633 After much communing and reasoning about the Usages, the following stipulations were agreed to.

1810 G. Robertson Gen. View Kincardineshire 55 In arranging the mode of culture and other conditions of a lease, the parties have commonly a strife in the communing.

1937 in Sc. National Dict. at Communing They had an awfu' communin' owre the heid o't.

4. The action or an act of communicating intimately with someone, esp. at a deep level of mental or spiritual engagement, or attaining a state of rapport and spiritual unity with something. Chiefly with with.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental

fellowredc1230

fellowshipc1384

commerce1597

communing1608

communion1800

1608 W. Cowper Triumph of Christian 21 We know that the presence of men is oftentimes a great impediment of the free communing of our soules with God.

a1684 R. Leighton Serm. (1692) ii. 24 It is a rare unfrequented thing, this Communing of the heart with God.

1718 W. MacGeorge Sum of Christianity 28 Communing with our own Hearts, Searching and Trying our Ways, Examining the State of our Souls.

1758 J. Mears Forms of Devotion 162 Be pleased, O Lord,..graciously to countenance and assist us in our communings with our own hearts.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. ii. 77/2 That Communing of Soul with Soul.

1848 E. Bennett Trapper's Bride vii. 44 Usually he seemed thoughtful, and appeared wrapt in his own reflections and communings.

1887 W. F. Barry New Antigone I. i. ix. 140 Artistic discussion and talk upon general topics were giving way to more intimate personal communings.

1904 Burlington Mag. May 141/1 The loneliness of their life and their silent communings with nature recalled his favourite passages from Virgil and the Psalms.

1942 Times 28 Sept. 6/3 There was compensation in the intimacy of the pianist's communing with the composer.

1990 Marxism Today Jan. 23/1 As the me-decade recedes into the collective memory, a new emphasis is being placed in the media on the values of caring, communing and connecting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

communingadj.

Brit.

/kəˈmjuːnɪŋ/, U.S.

/kəˈmjunɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commune v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < commune v. + -ing suffix².

That communes (in various senses); that is in communion.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [adjective] > receiving

communicant1563

theophagous1880

communing1887

1824 J. Clare Let. 20 Apr. (1985) 294 They [sc. the Ranters] are a set of simple sincere & communing christians..happy in their devotions.

1832 S. L. Fairfield Last Night of Pompeii iii. 200 From meek adorings and communing love, Then rose they..serene and robed in holy thoughts.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Oct. 2/1 The Baptist Union..consists of between 1,800 and 2,000 churches with their pastors, and a communing membership of over 200,000.

1918 ‘R. West’ Return of Soldier 69 They would stand in a communing silence.

1957 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 25 312/1 The combination of these two drives toward moral achievement in and through a society of communing spirits discloses divine will.

1992 T. Moore Care of Soul (1994) viii. 173 In this Emersonian exercise program, the soul is involved in the perception of an intimacy between human personality and the world's communing body.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	communing
释义	communingn. Brit. /kəˈmjuːnɪŋ/, U.S. /kəˈmjunɪŋ/ Forms: Middle English comuning, Middle English comuninge, Middle English comwnynge, Middle English komunynge, Middle English–1500s communyng, Middle English–1500s communynge, Middle English–1500s comunyng, Middle English–1500s comunynge, Middle English– communing; Scottish pre-1700 comuning, pre-1700 1700s– communing, 1900s– communin'. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commune v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < commune v. + -ing suffix¹. †1. Communion, fellowship. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > communion > [noun] fellowredc1230 commonc1300 communing1357 brotherheadc1384 fellowshipc1384 commoninga1400 communionc1405 brotherhooda1425 sodality1602 consent1635 correspondence1642 converse1668 koinonia1907 J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) l. 101 Halikirk our modir..is communyng and felawred of al cristen folk, That communes to-gedir in the sacrementȝ. Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 58 The puple bileuith not stidefastli the comunynge of seyntis. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 25087 (MED) To haf wit santes communing, þis es a pointe of vr truing. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 38/2 Whanne euer þei iustly..putten vs oute of cristen or saued mennys comuning or felawschip. 1509 Paternoster, Ave & Creed (W. de W.) A iij I trowe in..holy chirche unyversall, comunynge of sayntes. 2. The action of administering, receiving, or joining together in the Eucharist. rare after 16th cent. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun] > attendance or partaking of commoningc1384 communingc1425 communion1440 perceptionc1450 sumptionc1450 sustentationc1450 manducationa1513 receipt?a1513 communicating1550 communication1550 mastication1601 theanthropophagy1654 theophagy1875 c1425 Prose Versions New Test.: Deeds (Cambr.) (1904) ii. 42 (MED) Þei wore þanne lastande in þo apostuls techinge, ande in komunynge of brekinge of brede, ande in preyers. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) vi. 1 Comunynge of sacrament of þe autere. 1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Fvi^v Mutual receipt and comunyng of them. ?1570 tr. Shepardes Kalendar (rev. ed.) vii. sig. C.viii^v Communynge of the Sacrament. 1785 W. Huntington Epist. of Faith xxv. 211 He tells them that their communing was sinful, instead of holy; that they contracted guilt at it, instead of receiving grace in it. 1842 Universalist Union 8 Jan. 115/2 We should not fail to seal our vows by making an offering of gratitude in communing of the body and the blood of Christ. 2000 B. D. Marshall Trinity & Truth ii. 23 In Western churches the communing of infants and children is now increasingly widespread. 3. The action or an act of conversing, conferring, or consulting with someone; debate, discussion, deliberation. Now rare (Scottish in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] del-takingc825 partakingc1384 partingc1384 communingc1425 participation?a1475 communicating1550 sharing1598 intercommonage1628 compartition1636 copartiality1677 deal1873 the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting aughteOE redeOE somrunec1275 speakingc1275 counselc1290 deliberationc1405 advisement1414 commoninga1425 communingc1425 imparlement1450 imparling1450 parleyc1490 parleying1508 counselment1523 parling1527 counsellinga1533 practice1540 interview1541 consultation1548 parliance1553 conference1555 enterparling1557 consult1560 imparlee1565 parlance1577 imparlance1579 parliamenting1582 deliberative1590 converse1614 parliamentation1622 powwowing1642 consulting1823 powwowism1873 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 3665 (MED) While þe trewe dide þus endure, Þei fil in trete and in comwnynge Of Anthenor and Thoas þe kyng. 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 343/1 He whome the seide matier toucheth shal noght be present, whiles the same matier..is in communyng. c1450 (?c1425) St. Christina in Anglia (1885) 8 130 Cownseylles and communynges. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccx^v After euery man had talked inough, there was no more communyng of the matter, but all was in peace. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation (1644) ii. 160 Our Gentlemen.., after so many Communings, returned for the most part to their dwelling places. ?a1736 J. Hog Mem. (1798) vi. 91 They charge on him and build a process upon mistakes and aspersions, which he had been at great pains to take off both in more private communings. 1788 J. Skinner Eccl. Hist. Scotl. II. 633 After much communing and reasoning about the Usages, the following stipulations were agreed to. 1810 G. Robertson Gen. View Kincardineshire 55 In arranging the mode of culture and other conditions of a lease, the parties have commonly a strife in the communing. 1937 in Sc. National Dict. at Communing They had an awfu' communin' owre the heid o't. 4. The action or an act of communicating intimately with someone, esp. at a deep level of mental or spiritual engagement, or attaining a state of rapport and spiritual unity with something. Chiefly with with. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > spiritual or mental fellowredc1230 fellowshipc1384 commerce1597 communing1608 communion1800 1608 W. Cowper Triumph of Christian 21 We know that the presence of men is oftentimes a great impediment of the free communing of our soules with God. a1684 R. Leighton Serm. (1692) ii. 24 It is a rare unfrequented thing, this Communing of the heart with God. 1718 W. MacGeorge Sum of Christianity 28 Communing with our own Hearts, Searching and Trying our Ways, Examining the State of our Souls. 1758 J. Mears Forms of Devotion 162 Be pleased, O Lord,..graciously to countenance and assist us in our communings with our own hearts. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. ii. 77/2 That Communing of Soul with Soul. 1848 E. Bennett Trapper's Bride vii. 44 Usually he seemed thoughtful, and appeared wrapt in his own reflections and communings. 1887 W. F. Barry New Antigone I. i. ix. 140 Artistic discussion and talk upon general topics were giving way to more intimate personal communings. 1904 Burlington Mag. May 141/1 The loneliness of their life and their silent communings with nature recalled his favourite passages from Virgil and the Psalms. 1942 Times 28 Sept. 6/3 There was compensation in the intimacy of the pianist's communing with the composer. 1990 Marxism Today Jan. 23/1 As the me-decade recedes into the collective memory, a new emphasis is being placed in the media on the values of caring, communing and connecting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). communingadj. Brit. /kəˈmjuːnɪŋ/, U.S. /kəˈmjunɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commune v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < commune v. + -ing suffix². That communes (in various senses); that is in communion. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [adjective] > receiving communicant1563 theophagous1880 communing1887 1824 J. Clare Let. 20 Apr. (1985) 294 They [sc. the Ranters] are a set of simple sincere & communing christians..happy in their devotions. 1832 S. L. Fairfield Last Night of Pompeii iii. 200 From meek adorings and communing love, Then rose they..serene and robed in holy thoughts. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Oct. 2/1 The Baptist Union..consists of between 1,800 and 2,000 churches with their pastors, and a communing membership of over 200,000. 1918 ‘R. West’ Return of Soldier 69 They would stand in a communing silence. 1957 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 25 312/1 The combination of these two drives toward moral achievement in and through a society of communing spirits discloses divine will. 1992 T. Moore Care of Soul (1994) viii. 173 In this Emersonian exercise program, the soul is involved in the perception of an intimacy between human personality and the world's communing body. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1357adj.1824
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