comraden.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmreɪd/,

/ˈkɒmrəd/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmˌræd/,

/ˈkɑmrəd/

Forms: α. 1500s–1600s camerade, (1500s camerard), 1600s camrade, 1600s–1700s camarade; β. 1500s commorade, 1500s–1700s comerade; γ. 1500s–1600s cumrade, 1600s– comrade.

Etymology: The 16–17th cent. form camerade , camarade was < French camarade , camerade (Cotgrave), 16th cent. < Spanish camarada , originally ‘chamberful’, thence ‘chamber-mate’: see comrado n., the representative of the Spanish form. The series commorade, comerade, comrade, represent a mixture of the types taken from French and Spanish respectively. Cameˈrade, camˈrade were originally stressed on -ade; the dissyllabic comˈrade, with same stress, occurs in Shakes. and Milton; but Shakespeare has also ˈcomrade. Walker and other early 19th cent. orthoepists have /ˈkʌmreɪd/, corresponding to the 16–17th cent. spelling cumrade; and some recent Dictionaries give it beside the current form.

a. originally. One who shares the same room, a chamber-fellow, ‘chum’; esp. among soldiers, a tent-fellow, fellow-soldier (also comrade-in-arms); hence gen., an associate in friendship, occupation, fortunes, etc., a close companion, mate, fellow.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun]

yferec870

brothereOE

ymonec950

headlingOE

ferec975

fellowOE

friendOE

eveningOE

evenlinglOE

even-nexta1225

compeerc1275

monec1300

companiona1325

partnerc1330

peerc1330

neighbour?c1335

falec1380

matec1380

makec1385

companya1425

sociatec1430

marrow1440

partyc1443

customera1450

conferec1450

pareil?c1450

comparcionerc1475

resortc1475

socius1480

copartner?1504

billy?a1513

accomplice1550

panion1553

consorterc1556

compartner1564

co-mate1576

copemate1577

competitor1579

consociate1579

coach-companion1589

comrade1591

consort1592

callant1597

comrado1598

associate1601

coach-fellow1602

rival1604

social1604

concomitanta1639

concerner1639

consociator1646

compane1647

societary1652

bor1677

socius1678

interessora1687

companioness1691

rendezvouser1742

connection1780

frater1786

matey1794

pardner1795

left bower1829

running mate1867

stable companion1868

pard1872

buddy1895

maat1900

bro1922

stable-mate1941

bredda1969

Ndugu1973

the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > close associate or companion

farrowa700

fellowa1225

playferec1225

companiona1325

matec1380

gossea1549

comrade1591

comrado1598

netop1643

butty1791

left bower1829

sidekick1893

side-kicker1894

cobber1895

bredda1969

bredren1980

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > room-mate

chamber-fellow1535

comrade1591

comrado1598

chamber-mate1612

roommate1789

bunkie1858

suitemate1893

roomie1911

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > [noun] > fellow-soldier

gadlingOE

sword-brotherc1275

companionc1325

companion-in-arms1525

fellow soldier1526

commilitant1577

camarada1598

fore-fellows1598

commilitoa1614

brother in arms1632

comrade-in-arms1848

α.

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 13 A Souldier in Campe must make choise of two or three or more Camerades.

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. H^v His Camerard that bare him company was a iollie light timberd Iacke a Napes.

1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (Chetham Soc.) 76 (margin) With such camarades..all our auncient wars were fought.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xii. 15 I have now made choice to go over Camerade to a very worthy Gentleman Baron Althams son.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Camerade, a tent, chamber, or cabin-fellow.

1672 O. Walker Of Educ. i. v. 36 Young Men..when amongst their Camerades.

1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iii. 24 Night curst her Eyes to see the Camrades march.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Camarade or Comrade, a Companion, or Chamber-fellow; an intimate Friend.

1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 230 To see my old dear Camarades.

β. 1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 17 Touching their commorades.1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Camaráda A comerade or cabbin-mate souldier.a1612 J. Harington Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 33 I was comerade to the Earl of Kildare, and slept both on one pillow.1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant iii. 9 This daunted my Comerades.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 Reflecting upon all my Comerades that were drown'd.γ. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 96 The..madcap prince of Wales, And his Cumrades that daft the world aside. 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Avj No meane Cumrades, no base associates.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 367 To be a Comrade with the Woolfe and owle. 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 7 Care would be had, that there be not two Comorados [1627 Sea Gram. Comrades] vpon one watch, because they may haue the more roome in their Cabonns to rest.1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1162 The Slaves and Asses thy comrades . 1678–96 E. Phillips New World of Words Comrade, the same as Camerade [omitted from 1706 and Kersey].1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xii. 328 A Comrade is a familiar Male-friend.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 133 His comrades bold Screening him close with shields.1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xiv. 192 His comrade's face each warrior saw.1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 293 The place of his old comrade in arms.

b. Less commonly said of women.

1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xiii. 72 The merry vintage-women received their foreign comrade kindly.

1884 M. E. Braddon Ishmael xxxix She had clung to her comrade in misfortune.

c. transferred and figurative.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 243 Extravagant desires,..which are but odde Comerades.

1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iii. 48 In many myths the lightning is no comrade of the thunder, but its foe.

d. Applied to a ship: A consort.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > a ship sailing in company

consort1596

convoyer1648

comrade1720

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 220 As for our..Comrade, her Compliment of Men was 180.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xii. 265 The other two squadrons..were calm spectators of the rout of their comrades.

e. attributive.

1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 20 The yards again ascend each com'rade mast.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xviii. 187 Engaged in preparing the Red Eric as a comrade boat.

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Comrade-battery, one of a pair of joint batteries.

f. Used by socialists and communists as a prefix to the surname, to avoid such titles as ‘Mr.’ Hence, a (fellow-) socialist or communist.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man > in revolutionary or communist society

citizen1793

citoyen?1793

comrade1884

Ndugu1973

1884 Justice 13 Sept. 7/1 A meeting was held..on Sunday last by Comrades Kelly and Maguire... Comrade Maguire spoke at some length on the ‘Aims of Socialism’.

1885 Justice 25 July 3/2 Our comrade pointed out how the land was one of the means by which the labour of the workers was exploited by an idle class.

1887 Commonweal 12 Feb. 56/1 We held an outdoor meeting on Sunday morning on Mitcham Fair Green. Comrade Kitz and other Merton comrades assisted.

1918 C. E. Russell Unchained Russia iii. 95 I was projected from sleep by the voice of our assistant train manager, raised in vehement protest: ‘Niet, tavarisch, niet! Niet!’ That is to say, ‘Comrade’. After the Revolution everybody in Russia was ‘tavarisch’.

1920 W. Hard Raymond Robins' Own Story 58 ‘Yes’ said Trotzky, ‘I'll make the order’. He made it. It began: To Comrades Podvoisky, Krylenko and Elizarov.

1928 Illustr. Hist. Russian Rev. I. 189 Two comrades, Lashevitch and Kurayev, spoke to the soldiers.

1939 R. Campbell Flowering Rifle i. 14 And every Babbit is a foxes' hole From which a scrawny ‘comrade’ snarls for dole!

1965 C. D. Eby Siege of Alcázar (1966) iii. 83 Comrade Gómez was conducted to the local bar so that he could be treated to a coñac.

Derivatives

ˈcomrade v. (a) nonce-use (see quot. 1602); (b) intransitive to associate with, as a comrade.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)]

mingc1275

company1387

joinc1390

meddlec1390

herd?a1400

fellowshipc1430

enfellowship1470

to step in1474

accompany?1490

yoke?a1513

to keep with ——c1515

conjoin1532

wag1550

frequent1577

encroach1579

consort1588

sort1595

commerce1596

troop1597

converse1598

to keep (also enter, come into, etc.) commons1598

to enter common1604

atone1611

to walk (also travel) in the way with1611

minglea1616

consociate1638

associate1644

corrive1647

co-unite1650

walk1650

cohere1651

engage1657

mix1667

accustom1670

to make one1711

coalite1735

commerciate1740

to have nothing to say to (also with)1780

gang?1791

companion1792

mess1795

matea1832

comrade1865

to go around1904

to throw in with1906

to get down1975

1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. G4^v Tuc. I cannot my mad Cumrade... Sir Vau. Cumrade? by Sesu, call me Cumrade againe, and ile Cumrade ye about the sinnes and shoulders.

1865 M. Pattison in N. Brit. Rev. 42 247 Comrading with him, Wolf..fell into bad habits.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) She's nivver within doors, alust comrading about somewhere.

Draft additions 1993

g. South African. Also with capital initial. A young, black, left-wing political activist; hence, any more or less politically motivated township youth, esp. one involved in civil disorder. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > African politics > [noun] > South African politics > young black activist

child1978

comrade1979

1979 E. Joubert in Fair Lady (Cape Town) 9 May 120 The children who called themselves the Comrades..forced the children out to the meetings.

1980 C. Hermer Diary M. Tholo 101 The comrades have stopped the children entering the schools even if there are no lessons.

1985 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 9 Oct. 2/3 Two African women,..accused by youths who called themselves ‘comrades’ with having had relationships with black policemen, were burnt to death in an open lot.

1986 Listener 3 July 5/3 The vigilantes emerged..because black township residents were sick and tired of the rule of the militant young ‘Comrades’.

1987 Sunday Tel. 28 June 9/5 Comrades are the young blacks trying to drive ‘collaborators’ and ‘informers’ out of the townships which they wanted to turn into ‘no-go’ areas for police and soldiers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	comrade
释义	comraden. Brit. /ˈkɒmreɪd/, /ˈkɒmrəd/, U.S. /ˈkɑmˌræd/, /ˈkɑmrəd/ Forms: α. 1500s–1600s camerade, (1500s camerard), 1600s camrade, 1600s–1700s camarade; β. 1500s commorade, 1500s–1700s comerade; γ. 1500s–1600s cumrade, 1600s– comrade. Etymology: The 16–17th cent. form camerade , camarade was < French camarade , camerade (Cotgrave), 16th cent. < Spanish camarada , originally ‘chamberful’, thence ‘chamber-mate’: see comrado n., the representative of the Spanish form. The series commorade, comerade, comrade, represent a mixture of the types taken from French and Spanish respectively. Cameˈrade, camˈrade were originally stressed on -ade; the dissyllabic comˈrade, with same stress, occurs in Shakes. and Milton; but Shakespeare has also ˈcomrade. Walker and other early 19th cent. orthoepists have /ˈkʌmreɪd/, corresponding to the 16–17th cent. spelling cumrade; and some recent Dictionaries give it beside the current form. a. originally. One who shares the same room, a chamber-fellow, ‘chum’; esp. among soldiers, a tent-fellow, fellow-soldier (also comrade-in-arms); hence gen., an associate in friendship, occupation, fortunes, etc., a close companion, mate, fellow. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] yferec870 brothereOE ymonec950 headlingOE ferec975 fellowOE friendOE eveningOE evenlinglOE even-nexta1225 compeerc1275 monec1300 companiona1325 partnerc1330 peerc1330 neighbour?c1335 falec1380 matec1380 makec1385 companya1425 sociatec1430 marrow1440 partyc1443 customera1450 conferec1450 pareil?c1450 comparcionerc1475 resortc1475 socius1480 copartner?1504 billy?a1513 accomplice1550 panion1553 consorterc1556 compartner1564 co-mate1576 copemate1577 competitor1579 consociate1579 coach-companion1589 comrade1591 consort1592 callant1597 comrado1598 associate1601 coach-fellow1602 rival1604 social1604 concomitanta1639 concerner1639 consociator1646 compane1647 societary1652 bor1677 socius1678 interessora1687 companioness1691 rendezvouser1742 connection1780 frater1786 matey1794 pardner1795 left bower1829 running mate1867 stable companion1868 pard1872 buddy1895 maat1900 bro1922 stable-mate1941 bredda1969 Ndugu1973 the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > close associate or companion farrowa700 fellowa1225 playferec1225 companiona1325 matec1380 gossea1549 comrade1591 comrado1598 netop1643 butty1791 left bower1829 sidekick1893 side-kicker1894 cobber1895 bredda1969 bredren1980 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > temporary inhabitant > [noun] > in another's house > lodger > room-mate chamber-fellow1535 comrade1591 comrado1598 chamber-mate1612 roommate1789 bunkie1858 suitemate1893 roomie1911 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > [noun] > fellow-soldier gadlingOE sword-brotherc1275 companionc1325 companion-in-arms1525 fellow soldier1526 commilitant1577 camarada1598 fore-fellows1598 commilitoa1614 brother in arms1632 comrade-in-arms1848 α. 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 13 A Souldier in Campe must make choise of two or three or more Camerades. 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. H^v His Camerard that bare him company was a iollie light timberd Iacke a Napes. 1636 R. James Iter Lancastrense (Chetham Soc.) 76 (margin) With such camarades..all our auncient wars were fought. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xii. 15 I have now made choice to go over Camerade to a very worthy Gentleman Baron Althams son. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Camerade, a tent, chamber, or cabin-fellow. 1672 O. Walker Of Educ. i. v. 36 Young Men..when amongst their Camerades. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin iii. 24 Night curst her Eyes to see the Camrades march. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Camarade or Comrade, a Companion, or Chamber-fellow; an intimate Friend. 1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 230 To see my old dear Camarades. β. 1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 17 Touching their commorades.1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. at Camaráda A comerade or cabbin-mate souldier.a1612 J. Harington Let. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 33 I was comerade to the Earl of Kildare, and slept both on one pillow.1702 W. J. tr. C. de Bruyn Voy. Levant iii. 9 This daunted my Comerades.1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 53 Reflecting upon all my Comerades that were drown'd.γ. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. i. 96 The..madcap prince of Wales, And his Cumrades that daft the world aside. View more context for this quotation1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Avj No meane Cumrades, no base associates.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 367 To be a Comrade with the Woolfe and owle. View more context for this quotation1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 7 Care would be had, that there be not two Comorados [1627 Sea Gram. Comrades] vpon one watch, because they may haue the more roome in their Cabonns to rest.1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1162 The Slaves and Asses thy comrades . View more context for this quotation1678–96 E. Phillips New World of Words Comrade, the same as Camerade [omitted from 1706 and Kersey].1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xii. 328 A Comrade is a familiar Male-friend.1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. iv. 133 His comrades bold Screening him close with shields.1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles v. xiv. 192 His comrade's face each warrior saw.1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc Hist. Ten Years II. 293 The place of his old comrade in arms. b. Less commonly said of women. Π 1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks II. xiii. 72 The merry vintage-women received their foreign comrade kindly. 1884 M. E. Braddon Ishmael xxxix She had clung to her comrade in misfortune. c. transferred and figurative. Π 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 243 Extravagant desires,..which are but odde Comerades. 1885 E. Clodd Myths & Dreams i. iii. 48 In many myths the lightning is no comrade of the thunder, but its foe. d. Applied to a ship: A consort. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > a ship sailing in company consort1596 convoyer1648 comrade1720 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 220 As for our..Comrade, her Compliment of Men was 180. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xii. 265 The other two squadrons..were calm spectators of the rout of their comrades. e. attributive. Π 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck ii. 20 The yards again ascend each com'rade mast. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xviii. 187 Engaged in preparing the Red Eric as a comrade boat. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Comrade-battery, one of a pair of joint batteries. f. Used by socialists and communists as a prefix to the surname, to avoid such titles as ‘Mr.’ Hence, a (fellow-) socialist or communist. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man > in revolutionary or communist society citizen1793 citoyen?1793 comrade1884 Ndugu1973 1884 Justice 13 Sept. 7/1 A meeting was held..on Sunday last by Comrades Kelly and Maguire... Comrade Maguire spoke at some length on the ‘Aims of Socialism’. 1885 Justice 25 July 3/2 Our comrade pointed out how the land was one of the means by which the labour of the workers was exploited by an idle class. 1887 Commonweal 12 Feb. 56/1 We held an outdoor meeting on Sunday morning on Mitcham Fair Green. Comrade Kitz and other Merton comrades assisted. 1918 C. E. Russell Unchained Russia iii. 95 I was projected from sleep by the voice of our assistant train manager, raised in vehement protest: ‘Niet, tavarisch, niet! Niet!’ That is to say, ‘Comrade’. After the Revolution everybody in Russia was ‘tavarisch’. 1920 W. Hard Raymond Robins' Own Story 58 ‘Yes’ said Trotzky, ‘I'll make the order’. He made it. It began: To Comrades Podvoisky, Krylenko and Elizarov. 1928 Illustr. Hist. Russian Rev. I. 189 Two comrades, Lashevitch and Kurayev, spoke to the soldiers. 1939 R. Campbell Flowering Rifle i. 14 And every Babbit is a foxes' hole From which a scrawny ‘comrade’ snarls for dole! 1965 C. D. Eby Siege of Alcázar (1966) iii. 83 Comrade Gómez was conducted to the local bar so that he could be treated to a coñac. Derivatives ˈcomrade v. (a) nonce-use (see quot. 1602); (b) intransitive to associate with, as a comrade. ΘΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)] mingc1275 company1387 joinc1390 meddlec1390 herd?a1400 fellowshipc1430 enfellowship1470 to step in1474 accompany?1490 yoke?a1513 to keep with ——c1515 conjoin1532 wag1550 frequent1577 encroach1579 consort1588 sort1595 commerce1596 troop1597 converse1598 to keep (also enter, come into, etc.) commons1598 to enter common1604 atone1611 to walk (also travel) in the way with1611 minglea1616 consociate1638 associate1644 corrive1647 co-unite1650 walk1650 cohere1651 engage1657 mix1667 accustom1670 to make one1711 coalite1735 commerciate1740 to have nothing to say to (also with)1780 gang?1791 companion1792 mess1795 matea1832 comrade1865 to go around1904 to throw in with1906 to get down1975 1602 T. Dekker Satiro-mastix sig. G4^v Tuc. I cannot my mad Cumrade... Sir Vau. Cumrade? by Sesu, call me Cumrade againe, and ile Cumrade ye about the sinnes and shoulders. 1865 M. Pattison in N. Brit. Rev. 42 247 Comrading with him, Wolf..fell into bad habits. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) She's nivver within doors, alust comrading about somewhere. Draft additions 1993 g. South African. Also with capital initial. A young, black, left-wing political activist; hence, any more or less politically motivated township youth, esp. one involved in civil disorder. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > African politics > [noun] > South African politics > young black activist child1978 comrade1979 1979 E. Joubert in Fair Lady (Cape Town) 9 May 120 The children who called themselves the Comrades..forced the children out to the meetings. 1980 C. Hermer Diary M. Tholo 101 The comrades have stopped the children entering the schools even if there are no lessons. 1985 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 9 Oct. 2/3 Two African women,..accused by youths who called themselves ‘comrades’ with having had relationships with black policemen, were burnt to death in an open lot. 1986 Listener 3 July 5/3 The vigilantes emerged..because black township residents were sick and tired of the rule of the militant young ‘Comrades’. 1987 Sunday Tel. 28 June 9/5 Comrades are the young blacks trying to drive ‘collaborators’ and ‘informers’ out of the townships which they wanted to turn into ‘no-go’ areas for police and soldiers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1591
随便看	ravine deer ravine-like ravine-loving ravine-rifted ravine-wrinkled ravined ravinelike ravineloving ravinement ravinerifted ravines ravinewrinkled raving raving fat raving mad ravinglier ravingliest ravingly ravings ravining ravins raviol ravioli raviolis ravisable